提供更高层次的封装

concurrent/Cond.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package concurrent
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type (
+	Cond interface {
+		Signal()
+		Broadcast()
+		// Wait wait within unlocked environment
+		Wait()
+		// LockedWait wait within locked environment
+		LockedWait()
+		WaitOrTimeout(timeout time.Duration) bool
+	}
+
+	CondImpl sync.Cond
+)
+
+func NewCond(l sync.Locker) Cond {
+	return (*CondImpl)(sync.NewCond(l))
+}
+
+func (c *CondImpl) Signal() {
+	(*sync.Cond)(c).Signal()
+}
+
+func (c *CondImpl) Broadcast() {
+	(*sync.Cond)(c).Broadcast()
+}
+
+func (c *CondImpl) Wait() {
+	c.L.Lock()
+	defer c.L.Unlock()
+	(*sync.Cond)(c).Wait()
+}
+
+func (c *CondImpl) LockedWait() {
+	(*sync.Cond)(c).Wait()
+}
+
+func (c *CondImpl) WaitOrTimeout(timeout time.Duration) bool {
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		c.L.Lock()
+		defer c.L.Unlock()
+
+		c.Wait()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-time.After(timeout):
+		return false
+	case <-done:
+		return true
+	}
+}

concurrent/Once.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package concurrent
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+type (
+	Once sync.Once
+)
+
+func (o *Once) Do(f func()) {
+	(*sync.Once)(o).Do(f)
+}
+
+func (o *Once) IsDone() bool {
+	i := *(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(o))
+	return i != 0
+}

concurrent/collections/MessageQueue.go

@@ -3,76 +3,55 @@ package collections
 import (
 	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/concurrent"
-	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/lang/atomic"
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/exceptions"
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/lang"
+)
+
+var (
+	// MessageQueueCapacity message capacity of MQ
+	// -1 to unlimited
+	// this variable can let you discover problems before OOM crash
+	MessageQueueCapacity  = 128
+	MessageQueueWarnLimit = MessageQueueCapacity / 2
 )
 
 type (
-	MessageQueue[T any] struct {
-		lock sync.Mutex
-		cond *sync.Cond
-		end  *messageQueueNode[T]
+	MessageQueue[T any] interface {
+		// Subscribe subscribe this message queue
+		Subscribe() lang.ReceiveChannel[T]
+		Send(msg T)
 	}
-
-	messageQueueNode[T any] struct {
-		value T
-		next  *messageQueueNode[T]
+	MessageQueueImpl[T lang.Object] struct {
+		chLock sync.Mutex
+		ch     lang.Channel[T]
 	}
 )
 
-func (q *MessageQueue[T]) getEnd() *messageQueueNode[T] {
-	if q.end == nil {
-		q.lock.Lock()
-		defer q.lock.Unlock()
-		if q.end == nil {
-			q.end = &messageQueueNode[T]{}
-		}
-	}
-	return q.end
-}
-
-func (q *MessageQueue[T]) getCond() *sync.Cond {
-	if q.cond == nil {
-		q.lock.Lock()
-		defer q.lock.Unlock()
-		q.cond = sync.NewCond(&q.lock)
-	}
-	return q.cond
-}
-
-func (q *MessageQueue[T]) Subscribe() (in <-chan T, canceler func()) {
-	end := q.getEnd()
-	ch := make(chan T)
-	canceled := false
-	go func() {
-		cond := q.getCond()
-		node := end
-		for !canceled {
-			for node.next != nil {
-				if canceled {
+func (m *MessageQueueImpl[T]) checkCh() {
+	if m.ch != nil {
 		return
 	}
-				node = node.next
-				ch <- node.value
-			}
-			concurrent.WaitCond(cond)
-		}
-	}()
-	return ch, func() {
-		canceled = true
-	}
+
+	m.chLock.Lock()
+	defer m.chLock.Unlock()
+
+	if m.ch != nil {
+		return
 	}
 
-func (q *MessageQueue[T]) Send(msg T) {
-	node := &messageQueueNode[T]{
-		value: msg,
+	m.ch = lang.NewChannel[T](MessageQueueCapacity)
 }
-	p := &q.getEnd().next
-	for !atomic.CompareAndSwapPointer(p, nil, node) {
-		for *p != nil {
-			p = &q.end.next
+
+func (m *MessageQueueImpl[T]) Subscribe() lang.ReceiveChannel[T] {
+	m.checkCh()
+	// package ch, remove closer to empty body
+	// closer is nil will just close this channel
+	return lang.WithReceiveChannel[T](m.ch, func() {})
+}
+
+func (m *MessageQueueImpl[T]) Send(msg T) {
+	m.checkCh()
+	if !m.ch.TrySend(msg) {
+		panic(exceptions.NewIndexOutOfBound("object buffer of this MQ is full", nil))
 	}
 }
-	q.end = node
-	q.getCond().Broadcast()
-}

concurrent/collections/MessageQueue_test.go

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-package collections
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func TestMessageQueue_Subscribe(t *testing.T) {
-	var mq MessageQueue[int]
-	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
-		id := i
-		go func() {
-			fmt.Println("run subscriber", id)
-			subscribe, canceler := mq.Subscribe()
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
-				msg := <-subscribe
-				fmt.Println(id, msg)
-			}
-			canceler()
-		}()
-	}
-	for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
-		mq.Send(i)
-	}
-	time.Sleep(time.Second * 10)
-}

concurrent/collections/PublisherMessageQueue.go

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package collections
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/concurrent"
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/exceptions"
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/lang"
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/lang/atomic"
+)
+
+type (
+	// PublisherMessageQueue
+	// Enable an application to announce events to multiple interested consumers asynchronously,
+	// without coupling the senders to the receivers
+	PublisherMessageQueue[T any] struct {
+		end  *publisherMessageQueueNode[T]
+		lock sync.Mutex
+		cond concurrent.Cond
+	}
+
+	publisherMessageQueueNode[T any] struct {
+		index int
+		value T
+		next  *publisherMessageQueueNode[T]
+	}
+)
+
+func (q *PublisherMessageQueue[T]) getEnd() *publisherMessageQueueNode[T] {
+	if q.end == nil {
+		q.lock.Lock()
+		defer q.lock.Unlock()
+		if q.end == nil {
+			q.end = &publisherMessageQueueNode[T]{}
+		}
+	}
+	return q.end
+}
+
+func (q *PublisherMessageQueue[T]) getCond() concurrent.Cond {
+	if q.cond == nil {
+		q.lock.Lock()
+		defer q.lock.Unlock()
+		q.cond = concurrent.NewCond(&q.lock)
+	}
+	return q.cond
+}
+
+func (q *PublisherMessageQueue[T]) Subscribe() lang.ReceiveChannel[T] {
+	end := q.getEnd()
+	ch := lang.NewChannel[T](0)
+	canceled := false
+	go func() {
+		defer ch.Close()
+
+		cond := q.getCond()
+		node := &end.next
+		for !canceled {
+			// node may be nil when MQ created
+			for *node != nil {
+				if canceled {
+					return
+				}
+				for !ch.SendTimeout((*node).value, time.Second) && !canceled {
+					// check MessageQueueCapacity
+					if MessageQueueCapacity != -1 {
+						continue
+					}
+					diff := q.end.index - (*node).index
+					if diff >= MessageQueueWarnLimit {
+						log.Printf("MD is on warn stack")
+					}
+					if diff > MessageQueueCapacity {
+						panic(exceptions.NewIndexOutOfBound("object buffer of this MQ is full", nil))
+					}
+				}
+				node = &(*node).next
+			}
+			cond.Wait()
+		}
+	}()
+	return lang.WithReceiveChannel[T](ch, func() {
+		canceled = true
+	})
+}
+
+func (q *PublisherMessageQueue[T]) Send(msg T) {
+	index := 0
+	if q.end != nil {
+		index = q.end.index + 1
+	}
+
+	node := &publisherMessageQueueNode[T]{
+		index: index,
+		value: msg,
+	}
+
+	p := &q.getEnd().next
+	for !atomic.CompareAndSwapPointer(p, nil, node) {
+		for *p != nil {
+			p = &q.end.next
+		}
+		node.index = q.end.index + 1
+	}
+	q.end = node
+	q.getCond().Broadcast()
+}

concurrent/collections/PublisherMessageQueue_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package collections
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/util/unsafe"
+)
+
+func TestPublisherMessageQueueNode_Sizeof(t *testing.T) {
+	fmt.Println(unsafe.Sizeof[publisherMessageQueueNode[int]]())
+}
+
+func TestMessageQueue_Subscribe(t *testing.T) {
+	var mq PublisherMessageQueue[string]
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		id := i
+		subscribe := mq.Subscribe()
+		go func() {
+			fmt.Println("run subscriber", id)
+			defer func() {
+				subscribe.Close()
+				fmt.Println("subscriber", id, "closed")
+			}()
+
+			for true {
+				msg := subscribe.Receive()
+				fmt.Println(id, msg)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	time.Sleep(time.Second / 10)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		index := i
+		go func() {
+			for j := 0; j < 16; j++ {
+				mq.Send(fmt.Sprintf("%d-%d", index, j))
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	time.Sleep(time.Second * 10)
+}

concurrent/collections/Sequence.go

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ package collections
 import (
 	"sync"
 
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/concurrent"
 	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/exceptions"
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/lang"
 	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/lang/atomic"
-	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/util"
 )
 
 type (
@@ -13,10 +14,10 @@ type (
 	// 数据的接收顺序与 Sender 的生成顺序保持一致
 	Sequence[T any] struct {
 		lock  sync.Mutex
-		ch    chan T
+		ch    lang.Channel[T]
 		head  *sequenceNode[T]
 		end   **sequenceNode[T]
-		close sync.Once
+		close concurrent.Once
 	}
 
 	// SequenceSender 用于给 Sequence 发送信息
@@ -35,13 +36,13 @@ type (
 )
 
 // channel 懒加载 Sequence channel
-func (s *Sequence[T]) channel() chan T {
+func (s *Sequence[T]) channel() lang.Channel[T] {
 	// 经典懒加载单例写法
 	if s.ch == nil {
 		s.lock.Lock()
 		defer s.lock.Unlock()
 		if s.ch == nil {
-			s.ch = make(chan T, 16)
+			s.ch = lang.NewChannel[T](16)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -49,10 +50,14 @@ func (s *Sequence[T]) channel() chan T {
 }
 
 // Channel 获取用于读取 Sequence 数据的 channel
-func (s *Sequence[T]) Channel() <-chan T {
+func (s *Sequence[T]) Channel() lang.ReceiveChannel[T] {
 	return s.channel()
 }
 
+func (s *Sequence[T]) RawChannel() <-chan T {
+	return s.channel().RCh()
+}
+
 func (s *Sequence[T]) Send(msg T) {
 	s.Alloc().Send(msg)
 }
@@ -85,7 +90,7 @@ func (s *Sequence[T]) send() {
 	head := s.head
 	for head != nil && head.sent {
 		if head.cause == nil {
-			channel <- head.value
+			channel.Send(head.value)
 		} else {
 			s.Close()
 			panic(head.cause)
@@ -102,12 +107,12 @@ func (s *Sequence[T]) send() {
 
 func (s *Sequence[T]) Close() {
 	s.close.Do(func() {
-		close(s.channel())
+		s.channel().Close()
 	})
 }
 
 func (s *Sequence[T]) Closed() bool {
-	return util.OnceDone(&s.close)
+	return s.close.IsDone()
 }
 
 func (s *sequenceNode[T]) Send(value T) {

concurrent/collections/Sequence_test.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 func TestSequence_Alloc(t *testing.T) {
 	var sequence Sequence[int]
 	go func() {
-		for i := range sequence.Channel() {
+		for i := range sequence.RawChannel() {
 			fmt.Println(i)
 		}
 	}()
@@ -24,4 +24,5 @@ func TestSequence_Alloc(t *testing.T) {
 		}()
 	}
 	time.Sleep(time.Second * 10)
+	sequence.Close()
 }

concurrent/util/Pipeline.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package util
 
-import "github.com/tursom/GoCollections/concurrent/collections"
+import (
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/concurrent/collections"
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/lang"
+)
 
 type (
 	pipeline[T, R any] struct {
@@ -9,16 +12,16 @@ type (
 	}
 )
 
-func NewPipeline[T, R any](producer <-chan T, concurrency int, consumer func(T) R) <-chan R {
+func NewPipeline[T, R any](producer <-chan T, concurrency int, consumer func(T) R) lang.ReceiveChannel[R] {
 	var sequence collections.Sequence[R]
-	c := make(chan pipeline[T, R])
+	c := lang.NewChannel[pipeline[T, R]](0)
 	go func() {
 		defer close(c)
 		for value := range producer {
-			c <- pipeline[T, R]{
+			c.Send(pipeline[T, R]{
 				value:  value,
 				sender: sequence.Alloc(),
-			}
+			})
 		}
 	}()
 

concurrent/util/Pipeline_test.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ func TestPipeline(t *testing.T) {
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
 	}()
 
-	for i := range r {
+	for i := range r.RCh() {
 		fmt.Println(i)
 	}
 }

go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/tursom/GoCollections
 
-go 1.18
+go 1.19
 
 require (
 	github.com/petermattis/goid v0.0.0-20220302125637-5f11c28912df

lang/Channel.go

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+package lang
+
+import "time"
+
+type (
+	SendChannel[T any] interface {
+		Close()
+		SCh() chan<- T
+		Send(obj T)
+		TrySend(obj T) bool
+		SendTimeout(obj T, timeout time.Duration) bool
+	}
+
+	ReceiveChannel[T any] interface {
+		Close()
+		RCh() <-chan T
+		Receive() T
+		TryReceive() (T, bool)
+		ReceiveTimeout(timeout time.Duration) (T, bool)
+	}
+
+	Channel[T any] interface {
+		SendChannel[T]
+		ReceiveChannel[T]
+		Ch() chan T
+	}
+
+	RawChannel[T any] chan T
+
+	withReceiveChannel[T any] struct {
+		ReceiveChannel[T]
+		closer func()
+	}
+)
+
+func NewChannel[T any](cap int) RawChannel[T] {
+	return make(chan T, cap)
+}
+
+func WithReceiveChannel[T any](channel ReceiveChannel[T], closer func()) ReceiveChannel[T] {
+	return withReceiveChannel[T]{channel, closer}
+}
+
+func (ch RawChannel[T]) Ch() chan T {
+	return ch
+}
+
+func (ch RawChannel[T]) Close() {
+	close(ch)
+}
+
+func (ch RawChannel[T]) SCh() chan<- T {
+	return ch
+}
+
+func (ch RawChannel[T]) Send(obj T) {
+	ch <- obj
+}
+
+func (ch RawChannel[T]) TrySend(obj T) bool {
+	select {
+	case ch <- obj:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func (ch RawChannel[T]) SendTimeout(obj T, timeout time.Duration) bool {
+	select {
+	case ch <- obj:
+		return true
+	case <-time.After(timeout):
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func (ch RawChannel[T]) RCh() <-chan T {
+	return ch
+}
+
+func (ch RawChannel[T]) Receive() T {
+	return <-ch
+}
+
+func (ch RawChannel[T]) TryReceive() (T, bool) {
+	select {
+	case obj := <-ch:
+		return obj, true
+	default:
+		return Nil[T](), false
+	}
+}
+
+func (ch RawChannel[T]) ReceiveTimeout(timeout time.Duration) (T, bool) {
+	select {
+	case obj := <-ch:
+		return obj, true
+	case <-time.After(timeout):
+		return Nil[T](), false
+	}
+}
+
+func (i withReceiveChannel[T]) Close() {
+	if i.closer != nil {
+		i.closer()
+	} else {
+		i.ReceiveChannel.Close()
+	}
+}

lang/Channel_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package lang
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestChannel_Send(t *testing.T) {
+	ch := NewChannel[int](0)
+
+	fmt.Println(ch.TrySend(0))
+
+	go func() {
+		for i := range ch {
+			fmt.Println(i)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	ch.Send(1)
+	ch.SCh() <- 2
+	time.Sleep(time.Second / 10)
+	fmt.Println(ch.TrySend(3))
+
+	ch.Close()
+}

lang/atomic/Array.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package atomic
 
 type (
 	Array[T any] struct {
-		atomic *Atomic[T]
+		atomic Atomic[T]
 		array  []T
 	}
 	Int32Array struct {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func CapArray[T any](array []*T) *Array[*T] {
 func NewInt32Array(size int) *Int32Array {
 	return &Int32Array{
 		Array[int32]{
-			atomic: &Int32F,
+			atomic: Int32F,
 			array:  make([]int32, size),
 		},
 	}
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func NewInt32Array(size int) *Int32Array {
 func NewInt64Array(size int) *Int64Array {
 	return &Int64Array{
 		Array[int64]{
-			atomic: &Int64F,
+			atomic: Int64F,
 			array:  make([]int64, size),
 		},
 	}
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func NewInt64Array(size int) *Int64Array {
 func NewUInt32Array(size int) *UInt32Array {
 	return &UInt32Array{
 		Array[uint32]{
-			atomic: &UInt32F,
+			atomic: UInt32F,
 			array:  make([]uint32, size),
 		},
 	}
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func NewUInt32Array(size int) *UInt32Array {
 func NewUInt64Array(size int) *UInt64Array {
 	return &UInt64Array{
 		Array[uint64]{
-			atomic: &UInt64F,
+			atomic: UInt64F,
 			array:  make([]uint64, size),
 		},
 	}
@@ -78,19 +78,19 @@ func (a *Array[T]) Array() []T {
 }
 
 func (a *Array[T]) Get(index int) T {
-	return a.atomic.Load(&a.array[index])
+	return a.atomic.Load()(&a.array[index])
 }
 
 func (a *Array[T]) Set(index int, p T) {
-	a.atomic.Store(&a.array[index], p)
+	a.atomic.Store()(&a.array[index], p)
 }
 
 func (a *Array[T]) Swap(index int, p T) (old T) {
-	return a.atomic.Swap(&a.array[index], p)
+	return a.atomic.Swap()(&a.array[index], p)
 }
 
 func (a *Array[T]) CompareAndSwap(index int, old, new T) (swapped bool) {
-	return a.atomic.CompareAndSwap(&a.array[index], old, new)
+	return a.atomic.CompareAndSwap()(&a.array[index], old, new)
 }
 
 func (a *Int32Array) Add(index int, value int32) {

lang/atomic/Atomic.go

@@ -20,41 +20,51 @@ type (
 		CompareAndSwapBit(bit int, old, new bool) (swapped bool)
 	}
 
-	Atomic[T any] struct {
-		Swap           func(addr *T, new T) (old T)
-		CompareAndSwap func(addr *T, old, new T) (swapped bool)
-		Load           func(addr *T) (val T)
-		Store          func(addr *T, val T)
+	Atomic[T any] interface {
+		Swap() func(addr *T, new T) (old T)
+		CompareAndSwap() func(addr *T, old, new T) (swapped bool)
+		Load() func(addr *T) (val T)
+		Store() func(addr *T, val T)
+	}
+
+	atomicImpl[T any] struct {
+		swap           func(addr *T, new T) (old T)
+		compareAndSwap func(addr *T, old, new T) (swapped bool)
+		load           func(addr *T) (val T)
+		store          func(addr *T, val T)
+	}
+
+	atomicTyped[T any] struct {
 	}
 )
 
 //goland:noinspection GoUnusedGlobalVariable
 var (
-	Int32F = Atomic[int32]{
+	Int32F Atomic[int32] = &atomicImpl[int32]{
 		SwapInt32,
 		CompareAndSwapInt32,
 		LoadInt32,
 		StoreInt32,
 	}
-	Int64F = Atomic[int64]{
+	Int64F Atomic[int64] = &atomicImpl[int64]{
 		SwapInt64,
 		CompareAndSwapInt64,
 		LoadInt64,
 		StoreInt64,
 	}
-	UInt32F = Atomic[uint32]{
+	UInt32F Atomic[uint32] = &atomicImpl[uint32]{
 		SwapUInt32,
 		CompareAndSwapUInt32,
 		LoadUint32,
 		StoreUInt32,
 	}
-	UInt64F = Atomic[uint64]{
+	UInt64F Atomic[uint64] = &atomicImpl[uint64]{
 		SwapUInt64,
 		CompareAndSwapUInt64,
 		LoadUint64,
 		StoreUInt64,
 	}
-	PointerF = Atomic[unsafe.Pointer]{
+	PointerF Atomic[unsafe.Pointer] = &atomicImpl[unsafe.Pointer]{
 		UnsafeSwapPointer,
 		UnsafeCompareAndSwapPointer,
 		UnsafeLoadPointer,
@@ -62,13 +72,40 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
-func GetAtomic[T any]() *Atomic[*T] {
-	return &Atomic[*T]{
-		SwapPointer[T],
-		CompareAndSwapPointer[T],
-		LoadPointer[T],
-		StorePointer[T],
+func GetAtomic[T any]() Atomic[*T] {
+	return atomicTyped[T]{}
 }
+
+func (a atomicTyped[T]) Swap() func(addr **T, new *T) (old *T) {
+	return SwapPointer[T]
+}
+
+func (a atomicTyped[T]) CompareAndSwap() func(addr **T, old *T, new *T) (swapped bool) {
+	return CompareAndSwapPointer[T]
+}
+
+func (a atomicTyped[T]) Load() func(addr **T) (val *T) {
+	return LoadPointer[T]
+}
+
+func (a atomicTyped[T]) Store() func(addr **T, val *T) {
+	return StorePointer[T]
+}
+
+func (a *atomicImpl[T]) Swap() func(addr *T, new T) (old T) {
+	return a.swap
+}
+
+func (a *atomicImpl[T]) CompareAndSwap() func(addr *T, old T, new T) (swapped bool) {
+	return a.compareAndSwap
+}
+
+func (a *atomicImpl[T]) Load() func(addr *T) (val T) {
+	return a.load
+}
+
+func (a *atomicImpl[T]) Store() func(addr *T, val T) {
+	return a.store
 }
 
 func SwapInt32(addr *int32, new int32) (old int32) {

lang/atomic/Reference.go

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package atomic
 import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/lang"
 )
 
 //goland:noinspection GoUnusedGlobalVariable
@@ -16,33 +18,62 @@ var (
 type (
 	Pointer  = unsafe.Pointer
 	PPointer = *unsafe.Pointer
+
+	// Reference atomic type T reference
 	Reference[T any] struct {
-		reference *T
+		lang.BaseObject
+		p *T
 	}
 )
 
+// NewReference new *Reference[T] init by given reference
 func NewReference[T any](reference *T) *Reference[T] {
-	return &Reference[T]{reference}
+	return lang.ForceCast[Reference[T]](Pointer(&reference))
 }
 
-func (v *Reference[T]) Load() (val *T) {
-	return LoadPointer(&v.reference)
+// ReferenceOf cast **T to *Reference[T]
+func ReferenceOf[T any](reference **T) *Reference[T] {
+	return lang.ForceCast[Reference[T]](Pointer(reference))
 }
 
-func (v *Reference[T]) Store(val *T) {
-	StorePointer(&v.reference, val)
+func ReferenceUintptr[T any](reference *uintptr) *Reference[T] {
+	return lang.ForceCast[Reference[T]](Pointer(reference))
 }
 
-func (v *Reference[T]) Swap(new *T) (old *T) {
-	return SwapPointer(&v.reference, new)
+func (r *Reference[T]) AsPointer() Pointer {
+	return Pointer(r)
 }
 
-func (v *Reference[T]) CompareAndSwap(old, new *T) (swapped bool) {
-	return CompareAndSwapPointer(&v.reference, old, new)
+func (r *Reference[T]) AsPPointer() PPointer {
+	return PPointer(r.AsPointer())
 }
 
-func AsPPointer[T any](p **T) *unsafe.Pointer {
-	return (*unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(p))
+func (r *Reference[T]) AsUintptr() *TypedUintptr[T] {
+	return lang.ForceCast[TypedUintptr[T]](r.AsPointer())
+}
+
+func (r *Reference[T]) pointer() **T {
+	return &r.p
+}
+
+func (r *Reference[T]) Load() (val *T) {
+	return LoadPointer(r.pointer())
+}
+
+func (r *Reference[T]) Store(val *T) {
+	StorePointer(r.pointer(), val)
+}
+
+func (r *Reference[T]) Swap(new *T) (old *T) {
+	return SwapPointer(r.pointer(), new)
+}
+
+func (r *Reference[T]) CompareAndSwap(old, new *T) (swapped bool) {
+	return CompareAndSwapPointer(r.pointer(), old, new)
+}
+
+func AsPPointer[T any](p **T) PPointer {
+	return PPointer(Pointer(p))
 }
 
 func LoadPointer[T any](addr **T) (val *T) {
@@ -50,11 +81,11 @@ func LoadPointer[T any](addr **T) (val *T) {
 }
 
 func StorePointer[T any](addr **T, val *T) {
-	atomic.StorePointer(AsPPointer(addr), unsafe.Pointer(val))
+	atomic.StorePointer(AsPPointer(addr), Pointer(val))
 }
 
 func SwapPointer[T any](addr **T, new *T) (old *T) {
-	return (*T)(atomic.SwapPointer(AsPPointer(addr), unsafe.Pointer(new)))
+	return (*T)(atomic.SwapPointer(AsPPointer(addr), Pointer(new)))
 }
 
 func CompareAndSwapPointer[T any](addr **T, old, new *T) (swapped bool) {

lang/atomic/Reference_test.go

@@ -2,14 +2,26 @@ package atomic
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/lang"
 	"testing"
 )
 
 func TestAtomic_Store(t *testing.T) {
-	a := &Reference[lang.Int]{}
-	var i lang.Int = 1
+	a := NewReference[int](nil)
+	var i = 1
 	a.Store(&i)
 	i = 2
-	fmt.Println(a.Load())
+	fmt.Println(*a.Load())
+}
+
+func TestReferenceOf(t *testing.T) {
+	one := 1
+
+	var p *int = nil
+	ref := ReferenceOf(&p)
+
+	ref.Store(&one)
+	fmt.Println(ref.Load())
+	fmt.Println(*ref.Load())
+
+	_ = *ref.AsUintptr() + 1
 }

lang/atomic/Uintptr.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package atomic
+
+import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/lang"
+)
+
+type (
+	Uintptr             uintptr
+	TypedUintptr[T any] Uintptr
+)
+
+func (p Uintptr) Raw() uintptr {
+	return uintptr(p)
+}
+
+func (p *Uintptr) RawP() *uintptr {
+	return (*uintptr)(p)
+}
+
+func (p *Uintptr) AsPointer() Pointer {
+	return Pointer(p)
+}
+
+func (p *Uintptr) AsPPointer() PPointer {
+	return PPointer(p.AsPointer())
+}
+func (p *Uintptr) Load() (val Uintptr) {
+	return Uintptr(atomic.LoadUintptr((*uintptr)(p)))
+}
+
+func (p *Uintptr) Store(val Uintptr) {
+	atomic.StoreUintptr((*uintptr)(p), uintptr(val))
+}
+
+func (p *Uintptr) Swap(new Uintptr) (old Uintptr) {
+	return Uintptr(atomic.SwapUintptr((*uintptr)(p), uintptr(new)))
+}
+
+func (p *Uintptr) CompareAndSwap(old, new Uintptr) (swapped bool) {
+	return atomic.CompareAndSwapUintptr((*uintptr)(p), uintptr(old), uintptr(new))
+}
+
+func (p TypedUintptr[T]) Raw() uintptr {
+	return uintptr(p)
+}
+
+func (p *TypedUintptr[T]) RawP() *uintptr {
+	return (*uintptr)(p)
+}
+
+func (p *TypedUintptr[T]) AsPointer() Pointer {
+	return Pointer(p)
+}
+
+func (p *TypedUintptr[T]) AsPPointer() PPointer {
+	return PPointer(p.AsPointer())
+}
+
+func (tp *TypedUintptr[T]) AsReference() *Reference[T] {
+	return lang.ForceCast[Reference[T]](Pointer(tp))
+}
+
+func (tp TypedUintptr[T]) Uintptr() Uintptr {
+	return Uintptr(tp)
+}
+
+func (tp *TypedUintptr[T]) PUintptr() *Uintptr {
+	return (*Uintptr)(tp)
+}
+
+func (tp *TypedUintptr[T]) Load() TypedUintptr[T] {
+	return TypedUintptr[T](atomic.LoadUintptr((*uintptr)(tp)))
+}
+
+func (tp *TypedUintptr[T]) Store(val TypedUintptr[T]) {
+	atomic.StoreUintptr((*uintptr)(tp), uintptr(val))
+}
+
+func (tp *TypedUintptr[T]) Swap(new TypedUintptr[T]) (old TypedUintptr[T]) {
+	return TypedUintptr[T](atomic.SwapUintptr((*uintptr)(tp), uintptr(new)))
+}
+
+func (tp *TypedUintptr[T]) CompareAndSwap(old, new TypedUintptr[T]) (swapped bool) {
+	return atomic.CompareAndSwapUintptr((*uintptr)(tp), uintptr(old), uintptr(new))
+}

util/Utils.go

@@ -1,21 +1,11 @@
 package util
 
-import (
-	"sync"
-	"unsafe"
-)
-
 type (
 	Stringer struct {
 		stringer func() string
 	}
 )
 
-func OnceDone(once *sync.Once) bool {
-	i := *(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(once))
-	return i != 0
-}
-
 func NewStringer(stringer func() string) Stringer {
 	return Stringer{
 		stringer: stringer,

util/unsafe/unsafe.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package unsafe
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/tursom/GoCollections/lang"
+)
+
+func Sizeof[T any]() uintptr {
+	return unsafe.Sizeof(lang.Nil[T]())
+}