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92 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
92 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
自助问题排查
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---
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相比`Mockito`等由开发者手工放置Mock类的做法，`TestableMock`使用方法名和参数类型匹配自动寻找需Mock的调用。这种机制在带来方便的同时也容易导致对“Mock究竟有没生效”的疑问。
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为此，`TestableMock`会在项目构建目录下自动保存最后一次测试运行过程的Mock扫描日志。默认位置为`target/testable-agent.log`（Maven项目）或`build/testable-agent.log`（Gradle项目）。
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日志内容示例如下：
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```text
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[INFO] Start at Mon Jan 00 00:00:00 CST 0000
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... ...
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[INFO] Found test class com/alibaba/testable/demo/basic/DemoMockTest
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[INFO] Found 6 test cases
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[INFO] Found mock class com/alibaba/testable/demo/basic/DemoMockTest$Mock
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[INFO] Found 8 mock methods
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[INFO] Found source class com/alibaba/testable/demo/basic/DemoMock
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[INFO] Found method <init>
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[INFO] Found method newFunc
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[INFO] Line 19, mock method "createBlackBox" used
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[INFO] Found method outerFunc
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[INFO] Line 27, mock method "innerFunc" used
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[INFO] Line 27, mock method "staticFunc" used
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[INFO] Found method commonFunc
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[INFO] Line 34, mock method "trim" used
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[INFO] Line 34, mock method "sub" used
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[INFO] Line 34, mock method "startsWith" used
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... ...
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[INFO] Completed at Mon Jan 00 00:00:00 CST 0000
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```
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其中`Line XX, mock method "XXX" used`日志展示了被测类中所有发生了Mock替换的调用和相应代码行号。
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依据需排查的测试类，进行针对性排查。假设被测类为"com.demo.BizService"，测试类为"com.demo.BizServiceTest"，Mock容器类为"com.demo.BizServiceTest.Mock"：
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- 若该日志文件未生成，请检查`pom.xml`或`build.gradle`配置是否正确引入了`TestableMock`依赖
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- 若日志中只能找到`com/demo/BizServiceTest$Mock`，没有找到被测类和测试类，请检查Mock容器类的名称和位置是否符合规范
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- 若日志中找到了Mock类和测试类，但没有找到被测类`com/demo/BizService`，请检查被测类与测试类是否包路径相同，且名称为"被测类+Test"，或者是否正确的使用了`@MockWith`注解
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- 若日志中三个类都已经找到，且有`Found method xxx`，但预期的代码行位置没有发生Mock替换，请继续检查Mock方法定义是否未与目标方法匹配
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对于上述的最后一种情况（预期Mock未生效），可使用`@MockDiagnose`注解将相应Mock容器类的日志级别提升到`LogLevel.VERBOSE`做进一步排查。例如：
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```java
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class BizServiceTest {
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@MockDiagnose(LogLevel.VERBOSE)
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public static class Mock {
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...
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}
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}
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```
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再次执行单元测试，此时日志将会包含所有该Mock类中的方法签名定义，以及被测类中扫描到所有调用的实际方法签名：
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```text
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[INFO] Found test class com/alibaba/testable/demo/basic/DemoMockTest
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[TIP] Test case "should_mock_new_object"
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... ...
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[TIP] Test case "should_set_mock_context"
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[INFO] Found 6 test cases
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[INFO] Found mock class com/alibaba/testable/demo/basic/DemoMockTest$Mock
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[TIP] Mock constructor "createBlackBox" as "com.alibaba.demo.basic.model.mock.BlackBox(java.lang.String)"
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[TIP] Mock method "innerFunc" as "com.alibaba.demo.basic.DemoMock::innerFunc(java.lang.String) : java.lang.String"
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... ...
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[TIP] Mock method "callFromDifferentMethod" as "()Ljava/lang/String;"
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[INFO] Found 8 mock methods
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[INFO] Found source class com/alibaba/testable/demo/basic/DemoMock
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[INFO] Found method <init>
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[TIP] Line 13, constructing "java.lang.Object()"
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[INFO] Found method newFunc
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[TIP] Line 19, constructing "com.alibaba.demo.basic.model.mock.BlackBox(java.lang.String)"
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[INFO] Line 19, mock method "createBlackBox" used
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[TIP] Line 19, invoking "com.alibaba.demo.basic.DemoMockTest$Mock::createBlackBox(java.lang.String) : com.alibaba.demo.basic.model.mock.BlackBox"
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[TIP] Line 20, invoking "com.alibaba.demo.basic.model.mock.BlackBox::get() : java.lang.String"
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[INFO] Found method outerFunc
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[TIP] Line 27, constructing "java.lang.StringBuilder()"
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[TIP] Line 27, invoking "java.lang.StringBuilder::append(java.lang.String) : java.lang.StringBuilder"
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[TIP] Line 27, invoking "com.alibaba.demo.basic.DemoMock::innerFunc(java.lang.String) : java.lang.String"
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[INFO] Line 27, mock method "innerFunc" used
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... ...
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```
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输出日志结构参考如下：
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- `Mock constructor "<Mock方法名>" as "<方法签名>" for "<类型>"` 在Mock类中扫描到的**Mock构造方法**及其签名
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- `Mock method "<Mock方法名>" as "<方法签名>"` 在Mock类中扫描到的**普通Mock方法**及其签名
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- `Line XX, constructing "<类型>" as "<方法签名>"` 在被测类中扫描掉的**构造方法调用**及其签名
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- `Line XX, invoking "<方法名>" as "<方法签名>"` 在被测类中扫描到的**成员方法调用**及其签名
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> 为了便于清楚的区分返回值类型和调用目标类型，日志中记录的方法签名采用了类似`Kotlin`的方法定义结构。
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对比原调用的实际签名和Mock方法定义的签名，通常很快就能够找出问题所在。
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