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251 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
251 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
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# Wbi签名
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自 2023 年三月起，B站 Web 端部分接口开始使用 Wbi 鉴权方式，即一种独立于 [APP 鉴权](APP.md) 与其他 Cookie 鉴权的方式，表现在 REST API 请求时在 query 中添加了`w_rid`和`wts`字段，为一种 Web 端的风控手段
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这些接口涵盖”用户投稿视频“、”用户投稿专栏“、”首页推送“、”推广信息“、”热搜“、”视频信息“、”视频取流“、”搜索“等待主要查询性业务接口，如果请求这些 REST API 缺失`w_rid`和`wts`字段，则会在数次请求后返回`-403:非法访问`这样的风控错误
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感谢 [#631](https://github.com/SocialSisterYi/bilibili-API-collect/issues/631) 的研究与逆向工程
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## Wbi签名算法
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1. 获取实时口令
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从 [nav 接口](../../login/login_info.md#导航栏用户信息) 中获取`img_url`、`sub_url`两个字段的参数，并保存备用（如存入 localStorage），相关内容节选如下：
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**注：`img_url`、`sub_url`两个字段的值看似为存于 BFS 中的 png 图片 url，实则只是经过伪装的实时 Token，故无需且不能试图访问这两个 url**
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```json
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"wbi_img": {
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"img_url": "https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/wbi/653657f524a547ac981ded72ea172057.png",
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"sub_url": "https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/wbi/6e4909c702f846728e64f6007736a338.png"
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},
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```
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这两个 Key 均为 url 中末尾路径的无扩展名的文件名，即`img_key=653657f524a547ac981ded72ea172057`，`sub_key=6e4909c702f846728e64f6007736a338`
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这两个 Key 的值无关登录 Session 与 IP，属于全站统一使用的，但**每日都会变化**，使用时应做好**缓存和刷新**处理
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2. 打乱重排实时口令
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把上一步获取到的`img_key`拼接在`sub_key`后面**（这里不是`img_url`和`sub_url`）**作为一个整体，将这个整体进行特定的顺序的字符打乱重排，再将重排后的字符串截取前 30 字符的切片，作为一个新的变量`mixin_key`，重排映射表长为 64，内容如下：
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```javascript
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const mixinKeyEncTab = [
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46, 47, 18, 2, 53, 8, 23, 32, 15, 50, 10, 31, 58, 3, 45, 35, 27, 43, 5, 49,
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33, 9, 42, 19, 29, 28, 14, 39, 12, 38, 41, 13, 37, 48, 7, 16, 24, 55, 40,
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61, 26, 17, 0, 1, 60, 51, 30, 4, 22, 25, 54, 21, 56, 59, 6, 63, 57, 62, 11,
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36, 20, 34, 44, 52
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]
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```
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打乱重排内容如下（以上述第 1 步的参数作为输入）
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```
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72136226c6a73669787ee4fd02a74c27
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```
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3. 将欲签名的请求参数排序后编码
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若下方内容为欲签名的请求参数（以 js obj 为例）
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```javascript
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{
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foo: '114',
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bar: '514',
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baz: 1919810
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}
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```
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那么按照 Key 排序并进行 url query 编码后的结果应为：
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```
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bar=514&baz=1919810&foo=114
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```
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4. 为参数中添加`wts`时间戳
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`wts`字段的值应为以秒为单位的 Unix TimeStamp，如`1684746387`
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将`wts`参数添加在参数列表最后，即：
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```
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bar=514&baz=1919810&foo=114&wts=1684746387
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```
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5. 计算`w_rid`并添加在其后
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在上一步得出的 url query 字符串后拼接第 2 步计算得出的`mixin_key`（作为盐）
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```
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bar=514&baz=1919810&foo=114&wts=168474638772136226c6a73669787ee4fd02a74c27
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```
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对这个整体进行 **md5 Hash 运算**（32-bit 字符小写），得到的值便是 Wbi Sign，也就是参数`w_rid`
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```
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d3cbd2a2316089117134038bf4caf442
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```
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最后一步，把这个计算出的值作为参数`w_rid`添加在原始参数列表后，也就完成了一次 Wbi Sign，可以调用 REST API 进行请求了
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```
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bar=514&baz=1919810&foo=114&wts=1684746387&w_rid=d3cbd2a2316089117134038bf4caf442
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```
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## Wbi签名算法实现Demo
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该 Demo 提供 [Python](#Python)、[JavaScript](#JavaScript) 语言
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### Python
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需要`requests`依赖
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```python
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from functools import reduce
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from hashlib import md5
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import urllib.parse
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import time
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import requests
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mixinKeyEncTab = [
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46, 47, 18, 2, 53, 8, 23, 32, 15, 50, 10, 31, 58, 3, 45, 35, 27, 43, 5, 49,
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33, 9, 42, 19, 29, 28, 14, 39, 12, 38, 41, 13, 37, 48, 7, 16, 24, 55, 40,
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61, 26, 17, 0, 1, 60, 51, 30, 4, 22, 25, 54, 21, 56, 59, 6, 63, 57, 62, 11,
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36, 20, 34, 44, 52
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]
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def getMixinKey(orig: str):
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'对 imgKey 和 subKey 进行字符顺序打乱编码'
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return reduce(lambda s, i: s + orig[i], mixinKeyEncTab, '')[:32]
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def encWbi(params: dict, img_key: str, sub_key: str):
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'为请求参数进行 wbi 签名'
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mixin_key = getMixinKey(img_key + sub_key)
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curr_time = round(time.time())
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params['wts'] = curr_time # 添加 wts 字段
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params = dict(sorted(params.items())) # 按照 key 重排参数
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# 过滤 value 中的 "!'()*" 字符
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params = {
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k : ''.join(filter(lambda chr: chr not in "!'()*", str(v)))
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for k, v
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in params.items()
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}
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query = urllib.parse.urlencode(params) # 序列化参数
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wbi_sign = md5((query + mixin_key).encode()).hexdigest() # 计算 w_rid
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params['w_rid'] = wbi_sign
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return params
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def getWbiKeys() -> tuple[str, str]:
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'获取最新的 img_key 和 sub_key'
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resp = requests.get('https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/nav')
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resp.raise_for_status()
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json_content = resp.json()
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img_url: str = json_content['data']['wbi_img']['img_url']
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sub_url: str = json_content['data']['wbi_img']['sub_url']
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img_key = img_url.rsplit('/', 1)[1].split('.')[0]
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sub_key = sub_url.rsplit('/', 1)[1].split('.')[0]
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return img_key, sub_key
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img_key, sub_key = getWbiKeys()
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signed_params = encWbi(
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params={
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'foo': '114',
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'bar': '514',
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'baz': 1919810
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},
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img_key=img_key,
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sub_key=sub_key
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)
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query = urllib.parse.urlencode(signed_params)
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print(signed_params)
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print(query)
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```
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输出内容分别是进行 Wbi 签名的后参数的 key-Value 以及 url query 形式
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```
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{'bar': '514', 'baz': '1919810', 'foo': '114', 'wts': '1684746387', 'w_rid': 'd3cbd2a2316089117134038bf4caf442'}
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bar=514&baz=1919810&foo=114&wts=1684746387&w_rid=d3cbd2a2316089117134038bf4caf442
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```
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### JavaScript
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需要`axios`、`md5`依赖
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```javascript
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import md5 from 'md5'
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import axios from 'axios'
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const mixinKeyEncTab = [
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46, 47, 18, 2, 53, 8, 23, 32, 15, 50, 10, 31, 58, 3, 45, 35, 27, 43, 5, 49,
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33, 9, 42, 19, 29, 28, 14, 39, 12, 38, 41, 13, 37, 48, 7, 16, 24, 55, 40,
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61, 26, 17, 0, 1, 60, 51, 30, 4, 22, 25, 54, 21, 56, 59, 6, 63, 57, 62, 11,
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36, 20, 34, 44, 52
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]
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// 对 imgKey 和 subKey 进行字符顺序打乱编码
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function getMixinKey(orig) {
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let temp = ''
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mixinKeyEncTab.forEach((n) => {
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temp += orig[n]
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})
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return temp.slice(0, 32)
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}
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// 为请求参数进行 wbi 签名
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function encWbi(params, img_key, sub_key) {
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const mixin_key = getMixinKey(img_key + sub_key),
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curr_time = Math.round(Date.now() / 1000),
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chr_filter = /[!'\(\)*]/g
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let query = []
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params = Object.assign(params, {wts: curr_time}) // 添加 wts 字段
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// 按照 key 重排参数
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Object.keys(params).sort().forEach((key) => {
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query.push(
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encodeURIComponent(key) +
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'=' +
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// 过滤 value 中的 "!'()*" 字符
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encodeURIComponent(('' + params[key]).replace(chr_filter, ''))
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)
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})
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query = query.join('&')
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const wbi_sign = md5(query + mixin_key) // 计算 w_rid
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return query + '&w_rid=' + wbi_sign
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}
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// 获取最新的 img_key 和 sub_key
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async function getWbiKeys() {
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const resp = await axios({
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url: 'https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/nav',
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method: 'get',
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responseType: 'json'
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}),
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json_content = resp.data,
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img_url = json_content.data.wbi_img.img_url,
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sub_url = json_content.data.wbi_img.sub_url
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return {
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img_key: img_url.substring(img_url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, img_url.length).split('.')[0],
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sub_key: sub_url.substring(sub_url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, sub_url.length).split('.')[0]
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}
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}
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const wbi_keys = await getWbiKeys()
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const query = encWbi(
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{
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foo: '114',
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bar: '514',
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baz: 1919810
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},
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wbi_keys.img_key,
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wbi_keys.sub_key
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)
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console.log(query)
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```
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输出内容为进行 Wbi 签名的后参数的 url query 形式
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```
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bar=514&baz=1919810&foo=114&wts=1684805578&w_rid=bb97e15f28edf445a0e4420d36f0157e
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```
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