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😮 Core Interview Questions & Answers For Experienced Java(Backend) Developers | 互联网 Java 工程师进阶知识完全扫盲：涵盖高并发、分布式、高可用、微服务、海量数据处理等领域知识
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互联网 Java 工程师进阶知识完全扫盲
本系列知识出自中华石杉，内容涵盖高并发、分布式、高可用、微服务等领域知识。我对这部分知识做了一个系统的整理，方便学习查阅。配合《大型网站技术架构——李智慧》、《Redis 设计与实现——黄健宏》食用，效果更佳。
学习之前，先来看看 Issues 讨论区的技术面试官是怎么说的吧。本项目也欢迎所有面试官和面试者都来分享自己的一些想法。
高并发架构
消息队列
- 为什么使用消息队列？消息队列有什么优点和缺点？Kafka、ActiveMQ、RabbitMQ、RocketMQ 都有什么优点和缺点？
- 如何保证消息队列的高可用？
- 如何保证消息不被重复消费？（如何保证消息消费的幂等性）
- 如何保证消息的可靠性传输？（如何处理消息丢失的问题）
- 如何保证消息的顺序性？
- 如何解决消息队列的延时以及过期失效问题？消息队列满了以后该怎么处理？有几百万消息持续积压几小时，说说怎么解决？
- 如果让你写一个消息队列，该如何进行架构设计啊？说一下你的思路。
搜索引擎
- es 的分布式架构原理能说一下么（es 是如何实现分布式的啊）？
- es 写入数据的工作原理是什么啊？es 查询数据的工作原理是什么啊？底层的 lucene 介绍一下呗？倒排索引了解吗？
- es 在数据量很大的情况下（数十亿级别）如何提高查询效率啊？
- es 生产集群的部署架构是什么？每个索引的数据量大概有多少？每个索引大概有多少个分片？
缓存
- 在项目中缓存是如何使用的？缓存如果使用不当会造成什么后果？
- Redis 和 Memcached 有什么区别？Redis 的线程模型是什么？为什么单线程的 Redis 比多线程的 Memcached 效率要高得多？
- Redis 都有哪些数据类型？分别在哪些场景下使用比较合适？
- Redis 的过期策略都有哪些？手写一下 LRU 代码实现？
- 如何保证 Redis 高并发、高可用？Redis 的主从复制原理能介绍一下么？Redis 的哨兵原理能介绍一下么？
- Redis 的持久化有哪几种方式？不同的持久化机制都有什么优缺点？持久化机制具体底层是如何实现的？
- Redis 集群模式的工作原理能说一下么？在集群模式下，Redis 的 key 是如何寻址的？分布式寻址都有哪些算法？了解一致性 hash 算法吗？如何动态增加和删除一个节点？
- 了解什么是 redis 的雪崩、穿透和击穿？Redis 崩溃之后会怎么样？系统该如何应对这种情况？如何处理 Redis 的穿透？
- 如何保证缓存与数据库的双写一致性？
- Redis 的并发竞争问题是什么？如何解决这个问题？了解 Redis 事务的 CAS 方案吗？
- 生产环境中的 Redis 是怎么部署的？
分库分表
- 为什么要分库分表（设计高并发系统的时候，数据库层面该如何设计）？用过哪些分库分表中间件？不同的分库分表中间件都有什么优点和缺点？你们具体是如何对数据库如何进行垂直拆分或水平拆分的？
- 现在有一个未分库分表的系统，未来要分库分表，如何设计才可以让系统从未分库分表动态切换到分库分表上？
- 如何设计可以动态扩容缩容的分库分表方案？
- 分库分表之后，id 主键如何处理？
读写分离
高并发系统
分布式系统
面试连环炮
系统拆分
分布式服务框架
- 说一下 Dubbo 的工作原理？注册中心挂了可以继续通信吗？
- Dubbo 支持哪些序列化协议？说一下 Hessian 的数据结构？PB 知道吗？为什么 PB 的效率是最高的？
- Dubbo 负载均衡策略和集群容错策略都有哪些？动态代理策略呢？
- Dubbo 的 spi 思想是什么？
- 如何基于 Dubbo 进行服务治理、服务降级、失败重试以及超时重试？
- 分布式服务接口的幂等性如何设计（比如不能重复扣款）？
- 分布式服务接口请求的顺序性如何保证？
- 如何自己设计一个类似 Dubbo 的 RPC 框架？
分布式锁
分布式事务
分布式会话
高可用架构
- Hystrix 介绍
- 电商网站详情页系统架构
- Hystrix 线程池技术实现资源隔离
- Hystrix 信号量机制实现资源隔离
- Hystrix 隔离策略细粒度控制
- 深入 Hystrix 执行时内部原理
- 基于 request cache 请求缓存技术优化批量商品数据查询接口
- 基于本地缓存的 fallback 降级机制
- 深入 Hystrix 断路器执行原理
- 深入 Hystrix 线程池隔离与接口限流
- 基于 timeout 机制为服务接口调用超时提供安全保护
高可用系统
- 如何设计一个高可用系统？
限流
- 如何限流？在工作中是怎么做的？说一下具体的实现？
熔断
- 如何进行熔断？
- 熔断框架都有哪些？具体实现原理知道吗？
降级
- 如何进行降级？
微服务架构
Spring Cloud 微服务架构
- 什么是微服务？微服务之间是如何独立通讯的？
- Spring Cloud 和 Dubbo 有哪些区别？
- Spring Boot 和 Spring Cloud，谈谈你对它们的理解？
- 什么是服务熔断？什么是服务降级？
- 微服务的优缺点分别是什么？说一下你在项目开发中碰到的坑？
- 你所知道的微服务技术栈都有哪些？
- Eureka 和 Zookeeper 都可以提供服务注册与发现的功能，它们有什么区别？
- ......