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# 互联网 Java 工程师进阶知识完全扫盲
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[](https://github.com/doocs/advanced-java/blob/master/LICENSE)
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[](https://github.com/doocs/advanced-java)
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[](https://github.com/doocs/intro)
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[](https://github.com/doocs/advanced-java/stargazers)
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[](https://github.com/doocs/advanced-java/network/members)
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[](https://github.com/doocs/advanced-java/labels/help%20wanted)
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[](https://github.com/doocs/advanced-java/issues)
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[](http://makeapullrequest.com)
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本系列知识出自中华石杉，内容涵盖[高并发](#高并发架构)、[分布式](#分布式系统)、[高可用](#高可用架构)、[微服务](#微服务架构)等领域知识。我对这部分知识做了一个[系统的整理](https://github.com/doocs/advanced-java/issues/1)，方便学习查阅。配合《大型网站技术架构——李智慧》、《Redis 设计与实现——黄健宏》食用，[效果更佳](https://doocs.github.io/advanced-java/#/offer)。
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学习之前，先来看看 [Issues 讨论区](https://github.com/doocs/advanced-java/issues/9#issue-394275038)的技术面试官是怎么说的吧。本项目也欢迎所有面试官和面试者都来分享自己的一些想法。
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## 高并发架构
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### [消息队列](/docs/high-concurrency/mq-interview.md)
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- [为什么使用消息队列？消息队列有什么优点和缺点？Kafka、ActiveMQ、RabbitMQ、RocketMQ 都有什么优点和缺点？](/docs/high-concurrency/why-mq.md)
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- [如何保证消息队列的高可用？](/docs/high-concurrency/how-to-ensure-high-availability-of-message-queues.md)
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- [如何保证消息不被重复消费？（如何保证消息消费的幂等性）](/docs/high-concurrency/how-to-ensure-that-messages-are-not-repeatedly-consumed.md)
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- [如何保证消息的可靠性传输？（如何处理消息丢失的问题）](/docs/high-concurrency/how-to-ensure-the-reliable-transmission-of-messages.md)
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- [如何保证消息的顺序性？](/docs/high-concurrency/how-to-ensure-the-order-of-messages.md)
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- [如何解决消息队列的延时以及过期失效问题？消息队列满了以后该怎么处理？有几百万消息持续积压几小时，说说怎么解决？](/docs/high-concurrency/mq-time-delay-and-expired-failure.md)
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- [如果让你写一个消息队列，该如何进行架构设计啊？说一下你的思路。](/docs/high-concurrency/mq-design.md)
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### [搜索引擎](/docs/high-concurrency/es-introduction.md)
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- [es 的分布式架构原理能说一下么（es 是如何实现分布式的啊）？](/docs/high-concurrency/es-architecture.md)
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- [es 写入数据的工作原理是什么啊？es 查询数据的工作原理是什么啊？底层的 lucene 介绍一下呗？倒排索引了解吗？](/docs/high-concurrency/es-write-query-search.md)
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- [es 在数据量很大的情况下（数十亿级别）如何提高查询效率啊？](/docs/high-concurrency/es-optimizing-query-performance.md)
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- [es 生产集群的部署架构是什么？每个索引的数据量大概有多少？每个索引大概有多少个分片？](/docs/high-concurrency/es-production-cluster.md)
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### 缓存
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- [在项目中缓存是如何使用的？缓存如果使用不当会造成什么后果？](/docs/high-concurrency/why-cache.md)
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- [Redis 和 Memcached 有什么区别？Redis 的线程模型是什么？为什么单线程的 Redis 比多线程的 Memcached 效率要高得多？](/docs/high-concurrency/redis-single-thread-model.md)
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- [Redis 都有哪些数据类型？分别在哪些场景下使用比较合适？](/docs/high-concurrency/redis-data-types.md)
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- [Redis 的过期策略都有哪些？手写一下 LRU 代码实现？](/docs/high-concurrency/redis-expiration-policies-and-lru.md)
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- [如何保证 Redis 高并发、高可用？Redis 的主从复制原理能介绍一下么？Redis 的哨兵原理能介绍一下么？](/docs/high-concurrency/how-to-ensure-high-concurrency-and-high-availability-of-redis.md)
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- [Redis 的持久化有哪几种方式？不同的持久化机制都有什么优缺点？持久化机制具体底层是如何实现的？](/docs/high-concurrency/redis-persistence.md)
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- [Redis 集群模式的工作原理能说一下么？在集群模式下，Redis 的 key 是如何寻址的？分布式寻址都有哪些算法？了解一致性 hash 算法吗？如何动态增加和删除一个节点？](/docs/high-concurrency/redis-cluster.md)
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- [了解什么是 redis 的雪崩、穿透和击穿？Redis 崩溃之后会怎么样？系统该如何应对这种情况？如何处理 Redis 的穿透？](/docs/high-concurrency/redis-caching-avalanche-and-caching-penetration.md)
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- [如何保证缓存与数据库的双写一致性？](/docs/high-concurrency/redis-consistence.md)
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- [Redis 的并发竞争问题是什么？如何解决这个问题？了解 Redis 事务的 CAS 方案吗？](/docs/high-concurrency/redis-cas.md)
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- [生产环境中的 Redis 是怎么部署的？](/docs/high-concurrency/redis-production-environment.md)
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### 分库分表
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- [为什么要分库分表（设计高并发系统的时候，数据库层面该如何设计）？用过哪些分库分表中间件？不同的分库分表中间件都有什么优点和缺点？你们具体是如何对数据库如何进行垂直拆分或水平拆分的？](/docs/high-concurrency/database-shard.md)
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- [现在有一个未分库分表的系统，未来要分库分表，如何设计才可以让系统从未分库分表动态切换到分库分表上？](/docs/high-concurrency/database-shard-method.md)
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- [如何设计可以动态扩容缩容的分库分表方案？](/docs/high-concurrency/database-shard-dynamic-expand.md)
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- [分库分表之后，id 主键如何处理？](/docs/high-concurrency/database-shard-global-id-generate.md)
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### 读写分离
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- [如何实现 MySQL 的读写分离？MySQL 主从复制原理是啥？如何解决 MySQL 主从同步的延时问题？](/docs/high-concurrency/mysql-read-write-separation.md)
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### 高并发系统
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- [如何设计一个高并发系统？](/docs/high-concurrency/high-concurrency-design.md)
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## 分布式系统
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### [面试连环炮](/docs/distributed-system/distributed-system-interview.md)
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### 系统拆分
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- [为什么要进行系统拆分？如何进行系统拆分？拆分后不用 Dubbo 可以吗？](/docs/distributed-system/why-dubbo.md)
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### 分布式服务框架
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- [说一下 Dubbo 的工作原理？注册中心挂了可以继续通信吗？](/docs/distributed-system/dubbo-operating-principle.md)
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- [Dubbo 支持哪些序列化协议？说一下 Hessian 的数据结构？PB 知道吗？为什么 PB 的效率是最高的？](/docs/distributed-system/dubbo-serialization-protocol.md)
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- [Dubbo 负载均衡策略和集群容错策略都有哪些？动态代理策略呢？](/docs/distributed-system/dubbo-load-balancing.md)
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- [Dubbo 的 spi 思想是什么？](/docs/distributed-system/dubbo-spi.md)
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- [如何基于 Dubbo 进行服务治理、服务降级、失败重试以及超时重试？](/docs/distributed-system/dubbo-service-management.md)
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- [分布式服务接口的幂等性如何设计（比如不能重复扣款）？](/docs/distributed-system/distributed-system-idempotency.md)
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- [分布式服务接口请求的顺序性如何保证？](/docs/distributed-system/distributed-system-request-sequence.md)
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- [如何自己设计一个类似 Dubbo 的 RPC 框架？](/docs/distributed-system/dubbo-rpc-design.md)
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### 分布式锁
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- [Zookeeper 都有哪些应用场景？](/docs/distributed-system/zookeeper-application-scenarios.md)
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- [使用 Redis 如何设计分布式锁？使用 Zookeeper 来设计分布式锁可以吗？以上两种分布式锁的实现方式哪种效率比较高？](/docs/distributed-system/distributed-lock-redis-vs-zookeeper.md)
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### 分布式事务
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- [分布式事务了解吗？你们如何解决分布式事务问题的？TCC 如果出现网络连不通怎么办？XA 的一致性如何保证？](/docs/distributed-system/distributed-transaction.md)
|
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|
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### 分布式会话
|
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- [集群部署时的分布式 Session 如何实现？](/docs/distributed-system/distributed-session.md)
|
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|
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## 高可用架构
|
||
- [Hystrix 介绍](/docs/high-availability/hystrix-introduction.md)
|
||
- [电商网站详情页系统架构](/docs/high-availability/e-commerce-website-detail-page-architecture.md)
|
||
- [Hystrix 线程池技术实现资源隔离](/docs/high-availability/hystrix-thread-pool-isolation.md)
|
||
- [Hystrix 信号量机制实现资源隔离](/docs/high-availability/hystrix-semphore-isolation.md)
|
||
- [Hystrix 隔离策略细粒度控制](/docs/high-availability/hystrix-execution-isolation.md)
|
||
- [深入 Hystrix 执行时内部原理](/docs/high-availability/hystrix-process.md)
|
||
- [基于 request cache 请求缓存技术优化批量商品数据查询接口](/docs/high-availability/hystrix-request-cache.md)
|
||
- [基于本地缓存的 fallback 降级机制](/docs/high-availability/hystrix-fallback.md)
|
||
- [深入 Hystrix 断路器执行原理](/docs/high-availability/hystrix-circuit-breaker.md)
|
||
- [深入 Hystrix 线程池隔离与接口限流](/docs/high-availability/hystrix-thread-pool-current-limiting.md)
|
||
- [基于 timeout 机制为服务接口调用超时提供安全保护](/docs/high-availability/hystrix-timeout.md)
|
||
|
||
### 高可用系统
|
||
- 如何设计一个高可用系统？
|
||
|
||
### 限流
|
||
- 如何限流？在工作中是怎么做的？说一下具体的实现？
|
||
|
||
### 熔断
|
||
- 如何进行熔断？
|
||
- 熔断框架都有哪些？具体实现原理知道吗？
|
||
|
||
### 降级
|
||
- 如何进行降级？
|
||
|
||
## 微服务架构
|
||
- [微服务架构整个章节内容属额外新增，会陆续补充完善]()
|
||
- [关于微服务架构的描述](/docs/micro-services/microservices-introduction.md)
|
||
|
||
### Spring Cloud 微服务架构
|
||
- 什么是微服务？微服务之间是如何独立通讯的？
|
||
- Spring Cloud 和 Dubbo 有哪些区别？
|
||
- Spring Boot 和 Spring Cloud，谈谈你对它们的理解？
|
||
- 什么是服务熔断？什么是服务降级？
|
||
- 微服务的优缺点分别是什么？说一下你在项目开发中碰到的坑？
|
||
- 你所知道的微服务技术栈都有哪些？
|
||
- Eureka 和 Zookeeper 都可以提供服务注册与发现的功能，它们有什么区别？
|
||
- ...... |