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EX.First things first
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* 2018-12-16 更新至[30e05a5](https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfpython/commit/30e05a5973930c38cdb59f1c02b85b19b22ac531)
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* 2022-01-20 开始更新[cd4d7c0](https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfpython/commit/cd4d7c0e340789bd001e5e9eae0e3c5bb7c7f7f1)
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README.md
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README.md
@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ PS: 如果你不是第一次读了, 你可以在[这里](https://github.com/satw
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- [Usage/用法](#usage用法)
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- [👀 Examples/示例](#-examples示例)
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- [Section: Strain your brain!/大脑运动!](#section-strain-your-brain大脑运动)
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- [> First things first!/要事优先 *](#-First-things-first!/要事优先-*)
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- [> Strings can be tricky sometimes/微妙的字符串 *](#-strings-can-be-tricky-sometimes微妙的字符串-)
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- [> Time for some hash brownies!/是时候来点蛋糕了!](#-time-for-some-hash-brownies是时候来点蛋糕了)
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- [> Return return everywhere!/到处返回!](#-return-return-everywhere到处返回)
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@ -161,6 +162,127 @@ $ pip install wtfpython -U
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## Section: Strain your brain!/大脑运动!
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### > First things first!/要事优先 *
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<!-- Example ID: d3d73936-3cf1-4632-b5ab-817981338863 -->
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<!-- read-only -->
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众所周知,Python 3.8 推出"海象"运算符 (`:=`) 方便易用,让我们一起看看。
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1\.
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```py
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# Python 版本 3.8+
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>>> a = "wtf_walrus"
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>>> a
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'wtf_walrus'
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>>> a := "wtf_walrus"
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File "<stdin>", line 1
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a := "wtf_walrus"
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^
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SyntaxError: invalid syntax
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>>> (a := "wtf_walrus") # 该语句有效
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'wtf_walrus'
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>>> a
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'wtf_walrus'
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```
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2 \.
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```py
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# Python 版本 3.8+
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>>> a = 6, 9
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>>> a
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(6, 9)
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>>> (a := 6, 9)
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(6, 9)
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>>> a
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6
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>>> a, b = 6, 9 # 典型拆包操作
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>>> a, b
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(6, 9)
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>>> (a, b = 16, 19) # 出错啦
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File "<stdin>", line 1
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(a, b = 16, 19)
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^
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SyntaxError: invalid syntax
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>>> (a, b := 16, 19) # 这里的结果是一个奇怪的三元组
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(6, 16, 19)
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>>> a # a值仍然没变?
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6
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>>> b
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16
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```
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#### 💡 说明
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**“海象”运算符简介**
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海象运算符 (`:=`) 在Python 3.8中被引入,用来在表达式中为变量赋值。
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```py
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def some_func():
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# 假设这儿有一些耗时的计算
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# time.sleep(1000)
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return 5
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# 引入“海象”运算符前的例子
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if some_func():
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print(some_func()) # 糟糕的案例——函数运算了两次
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# 或者,加以改进:
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a = some_func()
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if a:
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print(a)
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# 有了“海象”运算符,你可以写的更简洁:
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if a := some_func():
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print(a)
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```
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**输出 (> Python 3.8):**
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```py
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5
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5
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5
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```
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这样既减少了一行代码,又避免了两次调用 `some_func` 函数。
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- 在顶层的无括号赋值操作(使用“海象”运算符)被限制,因此例1中的 `a := "wtf_walrus"` 出现了 `SyntaxError` 。用括号括起来。它就能正常工作了。
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- 一般的,包含 `=` 操作的表达式是不能用括号括起来的,因此 `(a, b = 6, 9)` 中出现了语法错误。
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- “海象”运算符的语法形式为:`NAME:= expr`,`NAME` 是一个有效的标识符,而 `expr` 是一个有效的表达式。 因此,这意味着它不支持可迭代的打包和拆包。
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- `(a := 6, 9)` 等价于 `((a := 6), 9)` ,最终得到 `(a, 9) ` (其中 `a` 的值为6)
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```py
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>>> (a := 6, 9) == ((a := 6), 9)
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True
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>>> x = (a := 696, 9)
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>>> x
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(696, 9)
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>>> x[0] is a # 两个变量指向同一内存空间
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True
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```
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- 类似的, `(a, b := 16, 19)` 等价于 `(a, (b := 16), 19)` ,只是一个三元组。
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---
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### > Strings can be tricky sometimes/微妙的字符串 *
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1\.
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