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94 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
94 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
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## 使用try-with-resources语句替代try-finally语句
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### 示例
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**示例代码**:[Item09Example01.java](CreatingAndDestroyingObjects/src/main/java/com/jueee/item09/Item09Example01.java)
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### 说明
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从以往来看,try-finally语句是保证资源正确关闭的最佳方式,即使是在程序抛出异常或返回的情况下:
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```java
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// try-finally - No longer the best way to close resources!
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static String firstLineOfFile(String path) throws IOException {
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BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path));
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try {
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return br.readLine();
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} finally {
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br.close();
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}
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}
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```
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这可能看起来并不坏,但是当添加第二个资源时,情况会变得更糟:
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```java
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// try-finally is ugly when used with more than one resource!
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static void copy(String src, String dst) throws IOException {
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InputStream in = new FileInputStream(src);
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try {
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OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(dst);
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try {
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byte[] buf = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
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int n;
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while ((n = in.read(buf)) >= 0)
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out.write(buf, 0, n);
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} finally {
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out.close();
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}
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} finally {
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in.close();
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}
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}
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```
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即使是用try-finally语句关闭资源的正确代码,如前面两个代码示例所示,也有一个微妙的缺陷。 try-with-resources块和finally块中的代码都可以抛出异常。 例如,在`firstLineOfFile`方法中,由于底层物理设备发生故障,对`readLine`方法的调用可能会引发异常,并且由于相同的原因,调用`close`方法可能会失败。 在这种情况下,第二个异常完全冲掉了第一个异常。
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当Java 7引入了try-with-resources语句时,所有这些问题一下子都得到了解决。
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要使用这个构造,资源必须实现 `AutoCloseable`接口,该接口由一个返回为`void`的`close`组成。Java类库和第三方类库中的许多类和接口现在都实现或继承了`AutoCloseable`接口。如果你编写的类表示必须关闭的资源,那么这个类也应该实现`AutoCloseable`接口。
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以下是我们的第一个使用try-with-resources的示例:
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```java
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// try-with-resources - the the best way to close resources!
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static String firstLineOfFile(String path) throws IOException {
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try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
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new FileReader(path))) {
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return br.readLine();
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}
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}
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```
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以下是我们的第二个使用try-with-resources的示例:
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```java
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// try-with-resources on multiple resources - short and sweet
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static void copy(String src, String dst) throws IOException {
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try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(src);
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OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(dst)) {
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byte[] buf = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
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int n;
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while ((n = in.read(buf)) >= 0)
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out.write(buf, 0, n);
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}
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}
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```
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不仅 try-with-resources版本比原始版本更精简,更好的可读性,而且它们提供了更好的诊断。
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可以在 try-with-resources语句中添加catch子句,就像在常规的try-finally语句中一样。这允许你处理异常,而不会在另一层嵌套中污染代码。作为一个稍微有些做作的例子,这里有一个版本的`firstLineOfFile`方法,它不会抛出异常,但是如果它不能打开或读取文件,则返回默认值:
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```java
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// try-with-resources with a catch clause
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static String firstLineOfFile(String path, String defaultVal) {
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try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
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new FileReader(path))) {
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return br.readLine();
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} catch (IOException e) {
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return defaultVal;
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}
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}
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```
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结论明确:在处理必须关闭的资源时,使用try-with-resources语句替代try-finally语句。 生成的代码更简洁,更清晰,并且生成的异常更有用。 try-with-resources语句在编写必须关闭资源的代码时会更容易,也不会出错,而使用try-finally语句实际上是不可能的。
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