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249 lines
20 KiB
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249 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
# 设计数据密集型应用 - 中文翻译
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- 作者： [Martin Kleppmann](https://martin.kleppmann.com)
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- 原名：[《Designing Data-Intensive Applications》](http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920032175.do)
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- 译者：[冯若航](https://vonng.com) （[@Vonng](https://vonng.com/en/)）
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- 校订： [@yingang](https://github.com/yingang)
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- 繁体：[繁體中文版本](zh-tw/README.md) by [@afunTW](https://github.com/afunTW)
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> 使用 [Typora](https://www.typora.io)、[Gitbook](https://vonng.gitbooks.io/ddia-cn/content/)，[Github Pages](https://vonng.github.io/ddia)以获取最佳阅读体验。
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>
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> 本地：您可在项目根目录中执行`make`，并通过浏览器阅读（[在线预览](http://ddia.vonng.com/#/)）。
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## 译序
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> 不懂数据库的全栈工程师不是好架构师
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>
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> —— Vonng
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现今，尤其是在互联网领域，大多数应用都属于数据密集型应用。本书从底层数据结构到顶层架构设计，将数据系统设计中的精髓娓娓道来。其中的宝贵经验无论是对架构师，DBA、还是后端工程师、甚至产品经理都会有帮助。
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这是一本理论结合实践的书，书中很多问题，译者在实际场景中都曾遇到过，读来让人击节扼腕。如果能早点读到这本书，该少走多少弯路啊！
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这也是一本深入浅出的书，讲述概念的来龙去脉而不是卖弄定义，介绍事物发展演化历程而不是事实堆砌，将复杂的概念讲述的浅显易懂，但又直击本质不失深度。每章最后的引用质量非常好，是深入学习各个主题的绝佳索引。
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本书为数据系统的设计、实现、与评价提供了很好的概念框架。读完并理解本书内容后，读者可以轻松看破大多数的技术忽悠，与技术砖家撕起来虎虎生风🤣。
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这是2017年译者读过最好的一本技术类书籍，这么好的书没有中文翻译，实在是遗憾。某不才，愿为先进技术文化的传播贡献一分力量。既可以深入学习有趣的技术主题，又可以锻炼中英文语言文字功底，何乐而不为？
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## 前言
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> 在我们的社会中，技术是一种强大的力量。数据、软件、通信可以用于坏的方面：不公平的阶级固化，损害公民权利，保护既得利益集团。但也可以用于好的方面：让底层人民发出自己的声音，让每个人都拥有机会，避免灾难。本书献给所有将技术用于善途的人们。
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---------
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> 计算是一种流行文化，流行文化鄙视历史。 流行文化关乎个体身份和参与感，但与合作无关。流行文化活在当下，也与过去和未来无关。 我认为大部分（为了钱）编写代码的人就是这样的， 他们不知道自己的文化来自哪里。
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>
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> ——阿兰·凯接受Dobb博士的杂志采访时（2012年）
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## 目录
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### [序言](preface.md)
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### [第一部分：数据系统的基石](part-i.md)
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* [第一章：可靠性、可伸缩性、可维护性](ch1.md)
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* [关于数据系统的思考](ch1.md#关于数据系统的思考)
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* [可靠性](ch1.md#可靠性)
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* [可伸缩性](ch1.md#可伸缩性)
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* [可维护性](ch1.md#可维护性)
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* [本章小结](ch1.md#本章小结)
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* [第二章：数据模型与查询语言](ch2.md)
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* [关系模型与文档模型](ch2.md#关系模型与文档模型)
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* [数据查询语言](ch2.md#数据查询语言)
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* [图数据模型](ch2.md#图数据模型)
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* [本章小结](ch2.md#本章小结)
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* [第三章：存储与检索](ch3.md)
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* [驱动数据库的数据结构](ch3.md#驱动数据库的数据结构)
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* [事务处理还是分析？](ch3.md#事务处理还是分析？)
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* [列存储](ch3.md#列存储)
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* [本章小结](ch3.md#本章小结)
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* [第四章：编码与演化](ch4.md)
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* [编码数据的格式](ch4.md#编码数据的格式)
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* [数据流的类型](ch4.md#数据流的类型)
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* [本章小结](ch4.md#本章小结)
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### [第二部分：分布式数据](part-ii.md)
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* [第五章：复制](ch5.md)
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* [领导者与追随者](ch5.md#领导者与追随者)
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* [复制延迟问题](ch5.md#复制延迟问题)
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* [多主复制](ch5.md#多主复制)
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* [无主复制](ch5.md#无主复制)
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* [本章小结](ch5.md#本章小结)
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* [第六章：分区](ch6.md)
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* [分区与复制](ch6.md#分区与复制)
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* [键值数据的分区](ch6.md#键值数据的分区)
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* [分区与次级索引](ch6.md#分区与次级索引)
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* [分区再平衡](ch6.md#分区再平衡)
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* [请求路由](ch6.md#请求路由)
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* [本章小结](ch6.md#本章小结)
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* [第七章：事务](ch7.md)
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* [事务的棘手概念](ch7.md#事务的棘手概念)
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* [弱隔离级别](ch7.md#弱隔离级别)
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* [可串行化](ch7.md#可串行化)
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* [本章小结](ch7.md#本章小结)
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* [第八章：分布式系统的麻烦](ch8.md)
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* [故障与部分失效](ch8.md#故障与部分失效)
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* [不可靠的网络](ch8.md#不可靠的网络)
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* [不可靠的时钟](ch8.md#不可靠的时钟)
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* [知识、真相与谎言](ch8.md#知识、真相与谎言)
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* [本章小结](ch8.md#本章小结)
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* [第九章：一致性与共识](ch9.md)
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* [一致性保证](ch9.md#一致性保证)
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* [线性一致性](ch9.md#线性一致性)
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* [顺序保证](ch9.md#顺序保证)
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* [分布式事务与共识](ch9.md#分布式事务与共识)
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* [本章小结](ch9.md#本章小结)
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### [第三部分：衍生数据](part-iii.md)
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* [第十章：批处理](ch10.md)
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* [使用Unix工具的批处理](ch10.md#使用Unix工具的批处理)
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* [MapReduce和分布式文件系统](ch10.md#MapReduce和分布式文件系统)
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* [MapReduce之后](ch10.md#MapReduce之后)
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* [本章小结](ch10.md#本章小结)
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* [第十一章：流处理](ch11.md)
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* [传递事件流](ch11.md#传递事件流)
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* [数据库与流](ch11.md#数据库与流)
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* [流处理](ch11.md#流处理)
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* [本章小结](ch11.md#本章小结)
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* [第十二章：数据系统的未来](ch12.md)
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* [数据集成](ch12.md#数据集成)
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* [分拆数据库](ch12.md#分拆数据库)
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* [将事情做正确](ch12.md#将事情做正确)
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* [做正确的事情](ch12.md#做正确的事情)
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* [本章小结](ch12.md#本章小结)
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### [术语表](glossary.md)
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### [后记](colophon.md)
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## 法律声明
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从原作者处得知，已经有简体中文的翻译计划，将于2018年末完成。[购买地址](https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword=设计数据密集型应用)
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译者纯粹出于**学习目的**与**个人兴趣**翻译本书，不追求任何经济利益。
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译者保留对此版本译文的署名权，其他权利以原作者和出版社的主张为准。
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本译文只供学习研究参考之用，不得公开传播发行或用于商业用途。有能力阅读英文书籍者请购买正版支持。
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## 贡献
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0. 全文校订 by [@yingang](https://github.com/yingang)
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1. [序言初翻修正](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/commit/afb5edab55c62ed23474149f229677e3b42dfc2c) by [@seagullbird](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/commits?author=seagullbird)
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2. [第一章语法标点校正](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/commit/973b12cd8f8fcdf4852f1eb1649ddd9d187e3644) by [@nevertiree](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/commits?author=nevertiree)
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3. [第六章部分校正](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/commit/d4eb0852c0ec1e93c8aacc496c80b915bb1e6d48) 与[第10章的初翻](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/commit/9de8dbd1bfe6fbb03b3bf6c1a1aa2291aed2490e) by @[MuAlex](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/commits?author=MuAlex)
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4. [第一部分](part-i.md)前言，[ch2](ch2.md)校正 by [@jiajiadebug](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/commits?author=jiajiadebug)
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5. [词汇表](glossary.md)、[后记]()关于野猪的部分 by @[Chowss](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/commits?author=Chowss)
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6. [繁體中文](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pulls)版本与转换脚本 by [@afunTW](https://github.com/afunTW)
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7. 感谢所有作出贡献，提出意见的朋友们：
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pulls">Pull Requests</a> & <a href="https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/issues">Issues</a></summary>
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| ISSUE & Pull Requests | USER | Title |
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| ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| [123](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/123) | [@yingang](https://github.com/yingang) | translation updates (chapter 9, TOC in readme, glossary, etc.) |
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| [121](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/121) | [@yingang](https://github.com/yingang) | translation updates (chapter 5 to chapter 8) |
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| [120](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/120) | [@jiong-han](https://github.com/jiong-han) | Typo fix: 呲之以鼻 -> 嗤之以鼻 |
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| [119](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/119) | [@cclauss](https://github.com/cclauss) | Streamline file operations in convert() |
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| [118](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/118) | [@yingang](https://github.com/yingang) | translation updates (chapter 2 and 4) |
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| [117](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/117) | [@feeeei](https://github.com/feeeei) | 统一每章的标题格式 |
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| [115](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/115) | [@NageNalock](https://github.com/NageNalock) | 第七章病句修改: 重复词语 |
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| [114](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/114) | [@Sunt-ing](https://github.com/Sunt-ing) | Update README.md: correct the book name |
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| [113](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/113) | [@lpxxn](https://github.com/lpxxn) | 修改语句 |
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| [112](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/112) | [@ibyte2011](https://github.com/ibyte2011) | Update ch9.md |
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| [110](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/110) | [@lpxxn](https://github.com/lpxxn) | 读已写入数据 |
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| [107](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/107) | [@abbychau](https://github.com/abbychau) | 單調鐘和好死还是赖活着 |
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| [106](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/106) | [@enochii](https://github.com/enochii) | typo in ch2: fix braces typo |
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| [105](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/105) | [@LiminCode](https://github.com/LiminCode) | Chronicle translation error |
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| [104](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/104) | [@Sunt-ing](https://github.com/Sunt-ing) | several advice for better translation |
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| [103](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/103) | [@Sunt-ing](https://github.com/Sunt-ing) | typo in ch4: should be 完成 rather than 完全 |
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| [102](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/102) | [@Sunt-ing](https://github.com/Sunt-ing) | ch4: better-translation: 扼杀 → 破坏 |
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| [101](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/101) | [@Sunt-ing](https://github.com/Sunt-ing) | typo in Ch4: should be "改变" rathr than "盖面" |
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| [100](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/100) | [@LiminCode](https://github.com/LiminCode) | fix missing translation |
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| [99 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/99) | [@mrdrivingduck](https://github.com/mrdrivingduck) | ch6: fix the word rebalancing |
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| [98 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/98) | [@jacklightChen](https://github.com/jacklightChen) | fix ch7.md: fix wrong references |
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| [97 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/97) | [@jenac](https://github.com/jenac) | 96 |
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| [96 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/96) | [@PragmaTwice](https://github.com/PragmaTwice) | ch2: fix typo about 'may or may not be' |
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| [95 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/95) | [@EvanMu96](https://github.com/EvanMu96) | fix translation of "the battle cry" in ch5 |
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| [94 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/94) | [@kemingy](https://github.com/kemingy) | ch6: fix markdown and punctuations |
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| [93 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/93) | [@kemingy](https://github.com/kemingy) | ch5: fix markdown and some typos |
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| [92 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/92) | [@Gilbert1024](https://github.com/Gilbert1024) | Merge pull request #1 from Vonng/master |
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| [88 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/88) | [@kemingy](https://github.com/kemingy) | fix typo for ch1, ch2, ch3, ch4 |
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| [87 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/87) | [@wynn5a](https://github.com/wynn5a) | Update ch3.md |
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| [86 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/86) | [@northmorn](https://github.com/northmorn) | Update ch1.md |
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| [85 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/85) | [@sunbuhui](https://github.com/sunbuhui) | fix ch2.md: fix ch2 ambiguous translation |
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| [84 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/84) | [@ganler](https://github.com/ganler) | Fix translation: use up |
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| [83 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/83) | [@afunTW](https://github.com/afunTW) | Using OpenCC to convert from zh-cn to zh-tw |
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| [82 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/82) | [@kangni](https://github.com/kangni) | fix gitbook url |
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| [78 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/78) | [@hanyu2](https://github.com/hanyu2) | Fix unappropriated translation |
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| [77 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/77) | [@Ozarklake](https://github.com/Ozarklake) | fix typo |
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| [75 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/75) | [@2997ms](https://github.com/2997ms) | Fix typo |
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| [74 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/74) | [@2997ms](https://github.com/2997ms) | Update ch9.md |
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| [70 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/70) | [@2997ms](https://github.com/2997ms) | Update ch7.md |
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| [67 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/67) | [@jiajiadebug](https://github.com/jiajiadebug) | fix issues in ch2 - ch9 and glossary |
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| [66 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/66) | [@blindpirate](https://github.com/blindpirate) | Fix typo |
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| [63 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/63) | [@haifeiWu](https://github.com/haifeiWu) | Update ch10.md |
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| [62 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/62) | [@ych](https://github.com/ych) | fix ch1.md typesetting problem |
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| [61 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/61) | [@xianlaioy](https://github.com/xianlaioy) | docs:钟-->种，去掉ou |
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| [60 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/60) | [@Zombo1296](https://github.com/Zombo1296) | 否则 -> 或者 |
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| [59 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/59) | [@AlexanderMisel](https://github.com/AlexanderMisel) | 呼叫->调用，显着->显著 |
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| [58 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/58) | [@ibyte2011](https://github.com/ibyte2011) | Update ch8.md |
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| [55 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/55) | [@saintube](https://github.com/saintube) | ch8: 修改链接错误 |
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| [54 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/54) | [@Panmax](https://github.com/Panmax) | Update ch2.md |
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| [53 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/53) | [@ibyte2011](https://github.com/ibyte2011) | Update ch9.md |
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| [52 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/52) | [@hecenjie](https://github.com/hecenjie) | Update ch1.md |
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| [51 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/51) | [@latavin243](https://github.com/latavin243) | fix 修正ch3 ch4几处翻译 |
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| [50 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/50) | [@AlexZFX](https://github.com/AlexZFX) | 几个疏漏和格式错误 |
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| [49 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/49) | [@haifeiWu](https://github.com/haifeiWu) | Update ch1.md |
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| [48 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/48) | [@scaugrated](https://github.com/scaugrated) | fix typo |
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| [47 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/47) | [@lzwill](https://github.com/lzwill) | Fixed typos in ch2 |
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| [45 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/45) | [@zenuo](https://github.com/zenuo) | 删除一个多余的右括号 |
|
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| [44 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/44) | [@akxxsb](https://github.com/akxxsb) | 修正第7章底部链接错误 |
|
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| [43 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/43) | [@baijinping](https://github.com/baijinping) | "更假简单"->"更加简单" |
|
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| [42 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/42) | [@tisonkun](https://github.com/tisonkun) | 修复 ch1 中的无序列表格式 |
|
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| [38 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/38) | [@renjie-c](https://github.com/renjie-c) | 纠正多处的翻译小错误 |
|
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| [37 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/37) | [@tankilo](https://github.com/tankilo) | fix translation mistakes in ch4.md |
|
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| [36 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/36) | [@wwek](https://github.com/wwek) | 1.修复多个链接错误 2.名词优化修订 3.错误修订 |
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| [35 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/35) | [@wwek](https://github.com/wwek) | fix ch7.md to ch8.md link error |
|
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| [34 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/34) | [@wwek](https://github.com/wwek) | Merge pull request #1 from Vonng/master |
|
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| [33 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/33) | [@wwek](https://github.com/wwek) | fix part-ii.md link error |
|
||
| [32 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/32) | [@JCYoky](https://github.com/JCYoky) | Update ch2.md |
|
||
| [31 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/31) | [@elsonLee](https://github.com/elsonLee) | Update ch7.md |
|
||
| [26 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/26) | [@yjhmelody](https://github.com/yjhmelody) | 修复一些明显错误 |
|
||
| [25 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/25) | [@lqbilbo](https://github.com/lqbilbo) | 修复链接错误 |
|
||
| [24 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/24) | [@artiship](https://github.com/artiship) | 修改词语顺序 |
|
||
| [23 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/23) | [@artiship](https://github.com/artiship) | 修正错别字 |
|
||
| [22 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/22) | [@artiship](https://github.com/artiship) | 纠正翻译错误 |
|
||
| [21 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/21) | [@zhtisi](https://github.com/zhtisi) | 修正目录和本章标题不符的情况 |
|
||
| [20 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/20) | [@rentiansheng](https://github.com/rentiansheng) | Update ch7.md |
|
||
| [19 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/19) | [@LHRchina](https://github.com/LHRchina) | 修复语句小bug |
|
||
| [16 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/16) | [@MuAlex](https://github.com/MuAlex) | Master |
|
||
| [15 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/15) | [@cg-zhou](https://github.com/cg-zhou) | Update translation progress |
|
||
| [14 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/14) | [@cg-zhou](https://github.com/cg-zhou) | Translate glossary |
|
||
| [13 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/13) | [@cg-zhou](https://github.com/cg-zhou) | 详细修改了后记中和印度野猪相关的描述 |
|
||
| [12 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/12) | [@ibyte2011](https://github.com/ibyte2011) | 修改了部分翻译 |
|
||
| [11 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/11) | [@jiajiadebug](https://github.com/jiajiadebug) | ch2 100% |
|
||
| [10 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/10) | [@jiajiadebug](https://github.com/jiajiadebug) | ch2 20% |
|
||
| [9 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/9) | [@jiajiadebug](https://github.com/jiajiadebug) | Preface, ch1, part-i translation minor fixes |
|
||
| [7 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/7) | [@MuAlex](https://github.com/MuAlex) | Ch6 translation pull request |
|
||
| [6 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/6) | [@MuAlex](https://github.com/MuAlex) | Ch6 change version1 |
|
||
| [5 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/5) | [@nevertiree](https://github.com/nevertiree) | Chapter 01语法微调 |
|
||
| [2 ](https://github.com/Vonng/ddia/pull/2) | [@seagullbird](https://github.com/seagullbird) | 序言初翻 |
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
|
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## 协议
|
||
|
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[CC-BY 4.0](LICENSE)
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