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update
This commit is contained in:
Peng Hailin
parent
c75757e7e8
commit
9813eccd2b
@ -129,20 +129,20 @@ Trying 192.168.1.2 ...Open
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使能口令是未加密的，所以在路由器配置中可以看到。而使能秘密有 5 级加密(level 5 encryption, MD5)，难于破解。自 15.0(1）S 后的较新 IOS 版本中，还可以使用比 MD5 加密高级的 4 级加密（level 4 encryption, SHA256）, 5 级加密最终会不赞成使用。你可以给使能口令加上命令 `service password-encryption`, 但因为此方式使用 7 级加密(level 7 encryption, 比如，低安全性；思科称其为“背后安全性，over the shoulder security”, 因其仅需某人从你背后偷看并记住一个稍难的词组，便可以用网上的 7 级口令解密工具予以破解)，而很容易被破解。下面的输出中可以看到 7 级与 5 级加密文本。
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<pre>
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```
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Router(config)#enable password cisco
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Router(config)#exit
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Router#show run
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<b>enable password cisco</b>
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enable password cisco
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Router(config)#enable password cisco
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Router(config)#service password-encryption
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Router#show run
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<b>enable password 7 0822455D0A16</b>
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enable password 7 0822455D0A16
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Router(config)#enable secret cisco
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Router(config)#exit
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Router#show run
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<b>enable secret 5 $1$mERr$hx5rVt7rPNoS4wqbXKX7m0</b>
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</pre>
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enable secret 5 $1$mERr$hx5rVt7rPNoS4wqbXKX7m0
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```
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记住如你忘记了使能口令，你将不得不对路由器或交换机进行一下**口令恢复操作**。请用 Google 搜索你所使用的型号，因为型号不同其口令恢复过程也不一样。对于路由器来说，涉及
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@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ RouterA(config)#exit
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思科路由器有可供配置的 16 种（0 到 15）不同特权级别，其中 15 级是完全的访问权限，如下所示。
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<pre>
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```
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RouterA#conf t
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Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
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RouterA(config)#username support privilege 4 password soccer
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@ -185,22 +185,22 @@ RouterA(config)#privilege exec level 4 traceroute
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RouterA(config)#privilege exec level 4 show ip interface brief
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RouterA(config)#line console 0
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RouterA(config-line)#password basketball
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RouterA(config-line)#login local <b>← password is needed</b>
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RouterA(config-line)#login local ← password is needed
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RouterA(config-line)#^z
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</pre>
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```
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支持那人在登入到路由器并尝试进入配置模式时，此命令及其它命令将不可用且无效，也不能看到。
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<pre>
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```
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RouterA con0 is now available
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Press RETURN to get started.
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User Access Verification
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Username: support
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Password:
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RouterA#config t <b>← not allowed to use this</b>
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RouterA#config t ← not allowed to use this
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^
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% Invalid input detected at ‘^’ marker.
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</pre>
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```
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你可在路由器提示符下查看默认的不同特权级别(the default privilege levels)。
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@ -226,18 +226,18 @@ Router#
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路由器提供事件记录的能力。它们可将日志消息照你的意愿，发送到屏幕或某台服务器。你应该记录路由器消息，而又**有 8 个可用的日志记录严重程度级别**（考试要求你知道这些不同的级别），如下面输出中的粗体字所示。
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<pre>
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```
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logging buffered ?
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`<0-7>`Logging severity level
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<b>alerts</b>—Immediate action needed (severity=1)
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<b>critical</b>—Critical conditions (severity=2)
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<b>debugging</b>—Debugging messages (severity=7)
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<b>emergencies</b>—System is unusable (severity=0)
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<b>errors</b>—Error conditions (severity=3)
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<b>informational</b>—Informational messages (severity=6)
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<b>notifications</b>—Normal but significant conditions (severity=5)
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<b>warnings</b>—Warning conditions (severity=4)
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</pre>
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alerts—Immediate action needed (severity=1)
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critical—Critical conditions (severity=2)
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debugging—Debugging messages (severity=7)
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emergencies—System is unusable (severity=0)
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errors—Error conditions (severity=3)
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informational—Informational messages (severity=6)
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notifications—Normal but significant conditions (severity=5)
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warnings—Warning conditions (severity=4)
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```
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而你有可以将这些日志消息发往几个不同的地方。
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@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ Router(config)#exit
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要开启 SSH， 你需要有一个支持加密的 IOS 版本。一种快速找出 IOS 镜像是否支持加密的方法是执 `show version` 命令。查找镜像文件名中有无 `k9` 字样，或者在思科系统公司的安全性声明中查找有关字句。
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<pre>
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```
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Switch#sh version
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Cisco IOS Software, C3560 Software (C3560-ADVIPSERVICES K9-M), Version
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12.2(35)SE1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
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@ -318,9 +318,9 @@ SOFTWARE (fc4)
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Switch uptime is 1 hour, 8 minutes
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System returned to ROM by power-on
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System image file is “flash:/c3560-advipservices<b>k9</b>-mz.122-35.SE1.bin”
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System image file is “flash:/c3560-advipservicesk9-mz.122-35.SE1.bin”
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<b>This product contains cryptographic features</b> and is subject to United States and local
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This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United States and local
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country laws governing import, export, transfer and use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic
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products does not imply third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use
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encryption. Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for compliance
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@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ products may be found at:
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http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html
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If you require further assistance please contact us by sending email to export@cisco.com.
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--More-
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</pre>
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```
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> **注意:** 如你没有带有安全特性版本的 IOS，你就必须为此付费购买。
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@ -380,9 +380,9 @@ Switch#
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查看交换机上 HTTP 服务器的状态。
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<pre>
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```
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Switch#show ip http server status
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HTTP server status: <b>Disabled</b>
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HTTP server status: Disabled
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HTTP server port: 80
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HTTP server authentication method: enable
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HTTP server access class: 0
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@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ HTTP secure server ciphersuite: 3des-ede-cbc-sha des-cbc-sha rc4-128-md5 rc4-12
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HTTP secure server client authentication: Disabled
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HTTP secure server trustpoint:
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HTTP secure server active session modules: ALL
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</pre>
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```
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还可以在 VTY 线路上应用控制列表（an access control list, ACL）。在第 9 天的课程将会讲到。
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@ -408,28 +408,28 @@ HTTP secure server active session modules: ALL
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上面已经提到，你实际上可以在交换机或路由器上同时设置使能口令（a password）和使能秘密口令（enable secret password）,但这会带来混乱。所以**请只设置使能秘密口令**就好。下面的配置文件演示了**通过在命令前键入 `do` 关键字，而无需回到特权模式，就可执行该命令**的情形。
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<pre>
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```
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Switch1(config)#enable password cisco
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Switch1(config)#do show run
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Building configuration...
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Current configuration: 1144 bytes
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hostname Switch1
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<b>enable password cisco</b>
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</pre>
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enable password cisco
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```
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> Farai 补充道 -- “你可以使用 `service password-encryption` 命令，对使能口令 `enable password` 进行 7 级加密。”
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通过在命令前加上 `no` 关键字后再次执行该命令，可以擦除配置文件中的大多数行。上面 Farai 提到的使用 `service password-encryption` 命令是毫无作用的，因为这个方法仅提供了弱加密（7 级）， 而下面的秘密口令（the secret password）则有着强加密（MD5）。
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<pre>
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```
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Switch1(config)#no enable password
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Switch1(config)#enable secret cisco
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Switch1(config)#do show run
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Building configuration...
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Current configuration: 1169 bytes
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hostname Switch1
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<b>enable secret 5 $1$mERr$hx5rVt7rPNoS4wqbXKX7m0</b> [strong level 5 password]
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</pre>
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enable secret 5 $1$mERr$hx5rVt7rPNoS4wqbXKX7m0 [strong level 5 password]
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```
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### 服务，Services
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@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ udp-small-servers Enable small UDP servers (e.g., ECHO)
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你可以使用下面输出中演示的命令（在每个接口下执行的），来查看原生 VLAN。
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<pre>
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```
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Switch#show interfaces FastEthernet0/1 switchport
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Name: Fa0/1
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Switchport: Enabled
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@ -500,9 +500,9 @@ Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
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Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
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Negotiation of Trunking: On
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Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
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<b>Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)</b>
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Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
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Voice VLAN: none
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</pre>
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```
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**将端口放入 VLAN 1 被认为是一种安全漏洞（a security vulnerability）**, 允许黑客取得网络资源的访问。为减轻此问题，避免任何主机放入 VLAN 1 是一种明智可取的做法。同时也可将所有中继接口上的原生 VLAN 修改为某个未使用的 VLAN。
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@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ Switch1(config)#
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默认下的交换机允许所有 VLANs 通过中继链路。你将其修改为指定 VLANs 才能通过中继链路。如下面的输出所示。
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<pre>
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```
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Switch1(config)#int FastEthernet0/4
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Switch1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
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Switch1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan ?
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@ -632,8 +632,8 @@ Switch1#show interface trunk
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Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan
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Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1
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Port Vlans allowed on trunk
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<b>Fa0/4 7-12</b>
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</pre>
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Fa0/4 7-12
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```
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### 端口因出错关闭后的恢复功能，Error Disable Recovery
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@ -641,11 +641,11 @@ Port Vlans allowed on trunk
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出错关闭端口(an err-disabled port）看起来会是这样的。
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<pre>
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```
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Switch# show interface f0/1
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FastEthernet0/1 is down, line protocol is down <b>[err-disabled]</b>
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FastEthernet0/1 is down, line protocol is down [err-disabled]
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.....
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</pre>
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```
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而为了重新使用（re-activate）某个出错关闭接口，以在该接口上执行 `shutdown` 及 `no shutdown` 命令的人工干预是必要的, 网络工程师们俗称此操作为端口弹跳(a bouncing the port)。但是，某些情形要求从原端口状态自动恢复过来，而不是等到管理员手动开启该端口。此出错关闭回复模式，通过将交换机配置为在依引发通信失败事件的不同，而不同的一段时间后，自动重新打开出错关闭端口的方式，来发挥作用。区分通信失败事件，提供了出错关闭恢复功能所监测事件上的粒度（granularity）控制。
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@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval ?
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而命令 `show errdisable recovery` 命令则会提供有关出错关闭恢复功能（the err-disable recovery function）激活了的那些特性的细节信息，以及受到监测的接口，并包含了接口重新开启剩余时间。
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<pre>
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```
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Switch#show errdisable recovery
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ErrDisable Reason Timer Status
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----------------- --------------
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@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ loopback Disabled
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oam-remote-failure Disabled
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pagp-flap Disabled
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port-mode-failure Disabled
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psecure-violation <b>Enabled</b>
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psecure-violation Enabled
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security-violation Disabled
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sfp-config-mismatch Disabled
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storm-control Disabled
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@ -715,8 +715,8 @@ Timer interval: 300 seconds
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Interfaces that will be enabled at the next timeout:
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Interface Errdisable reason Time left(sec)
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--------- ----------------- --------------
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Fa0/0 psecure-violation <b>193</b>
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</pre>
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Fa0/0 psecure-violation 193
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```
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### 外部认证方式，External Authentication Methods
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@ -794,22 +794,22 @@ Switch(config-if)#shutdown
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验证某端口处于关闭状态有多种方法，其一就是使用 `show ip interface brief` 命令。
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<pre>
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```
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Router(config-if)#do show ip interface brief
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Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
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FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset <b>administratively down</b> down
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FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
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FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
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</pre>
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```
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请注意，**管理性关闭**状态就是说该端口是手工关闭的。验证关闭状态的另一方法是使用 `show interface` 命令。
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<pre>
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```
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Router#show interface fa0/0
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FastEthernet0/0 is <b>administratively down</b>, line protocol is down
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FastEthernet0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
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Hardware is Gt96k FE, address is c200.27c8.0000 (bia c200.27c8.0000)
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MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit/sec, DLY 1000 usec,
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......
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</pre>
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```
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## 思科发现协议， Cisco Discovery Protocol, CDP
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@ -1045,40 +1045,40 @@ VTP-Server-1(config-if)#switchport port-security mac-address 001f.3c59.7777 vlan
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同过执行 `show port-security` 命令，可以验证全局端口安全配置参数（global port security configuration parameters）。下面展示了默认值下的此命令的打印输出。
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<pre>
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```
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VTP-Server-1#show port-security
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Secure Port MaxSecureAddr <b>CurrentAddr</b> SecurityViolation Security Action
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Secure Port MaxSecureAddr CurrentAddr SecurityViolation Security Action
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(Count) (Count) (Count)
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-------------------------------------------------------
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Gi0/2 1 1 0 Shutdown
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------------------------------------------------------------------
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<b>Total Addresses in System : 1</b>
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Total Addresses in System : 1
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Max Addresses limit in System : 1024
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</pre>
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```
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如同上面的输出中所见到的那样，默认情况下，每个端口上仅允许一个安全 MAC 地址。此外，在出现冲突事件时的默认动作就是关闭端口。粗体文本表明，已知仅有一个安全地址，就是配置在接口上的静态地址。经由执行 `show port-security interface [name]` 亦可确认同样的参数，如下面的输出所示。
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<pre>
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```
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VTP-Server-1#show port-security interface gi0/2
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Port Security : Enabled
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Port status : SecureUp
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Violation mode : Shutdown
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Maximum MAC Addresses : 1
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Total MAC Addresses : 1
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<b>Configured MAC Addresses : 1</b>
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Configured MAC Addresses : 1
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Sticky MAC Addresses : 0
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Aging time : 0 mins
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Aging type : Absolute
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SecureStatic address aging : Disabled
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Security Violation count : 0
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</pre>
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```
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>**注意：** 在我们进一步学习本章内容的过程中，将会详细介绍对上面的输出中其它默认参数的修改。
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而要查看该端口上具体配置的静态安全 MAC 地址，就要用到 `show port-security address` 或者 `show running-config interface [name]` 命令了。以下输出演示了 `show port-security address`。
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|
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<pre>
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VTP-Server-1#<b>show port-security address</b>
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```
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VTP-Server-1#show port-security address
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Secure Mac Address Table
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------------------------------------------------------------------
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Vlan Mac Address Type Ports Remaining Age
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@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ Vlan Mac Address Type Ports Remaining Age
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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Total Addresses in System : 1
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Max Addresses limit in System : 1024
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</pre>
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```
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### 动态安全 MAC 地址的配置，Configuring Dynamic Secure MAC Address
|
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@ -1116,8 +1116,8 @@ VTP-Server-1(config-if)#switchport port-security maximum 2
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|
||||
可用除了 `show running-config` 命令外的，在静态地址保全配置示例中用到的同样命令，来验证动态 MAC 地址保全的配置。这是因为，与静态或粘滞的 MAC 地址保全不同，所有动态学习到的地址是不保存在交换机配置文件中的，且在端口关闭后会被移除。那些同样的地址也要在端口再度开启后重新学习。下面的输出演示了 `show port-security address` 命令的输出，现实了一个配置为动态 MAC 地址保全学习的接口。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
VTP-Server-1#<b>show port-security address</b>
|
||||
```
|
||||
VTP-Server-1#show port-security address
|
||||
Secure Mac Address Table
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Vlan Mac Address Type Ports Remaining Age
|
||||
@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ Vlan Mac Address Type Ports Remaining Age
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Total Addresses in System : 2
|
||||
Max Addresses limit in System : 1024
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 配置保全 MAC 地址粘滞，Configuring Sticky Secure MAC Addresses
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ VTP-Server-1(config-if)#switchport port-security maximum 10
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，基于上述配置，在接口 GigabitEthernet0/2 将会动态学到至多 10 个地址，并添加进交换机当前配置中去。在开启粘滞地址学习后， 各个端口上学到的 MAC 地址被自动保存到当前配置文件，同时加入到地址表中。下面的输出显示了接口 GigabitEthernet0/2 上所自动学到的 MAC 地址（以粗体显示）。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
VTP-Server-1#show running-config interface GigabitEthernet0/2
|
||||
Building configuration...
|
||||
Current configuration : 550 bytes
|
||||
@ -1156,32 +1156,32 @@ switchport mode access
|
||||
switchport port-security
|
||||
switchport port-security maximum 10
|
||||
switchport port-security mac-address sticky
|
||||
<b>switchport port-security mac-address sticky 0004.c16f.8741</b>
|
||||
<b>switchport port-security mac-address sticky 000c.cea7.f3a0</b>
|
||||
<b>switchport port-security mac-address sticky 0013.1986.0a20</b>
|
||||
<b>switchport port-security mac-address sticky 001d.09d4.0238</b>
|
||||
<b>switchport port-security mac-address sticky 0030.803f.ea81</b>
|
||||
switchport port-security mac-address sticky 0004.c16f.8741
|
||||
switchport port-security mac-address sticky 000c.cea7.f3a0
|
||||
switchport port-security mac-address sticky 0013.1986.0a20
|
||||
switchport port-security mac-address sticky 001d.09d4.0238
|
||||
switchport port-security mac-address sticky 0030.803f.ea81
|
||||
...
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上面输出中粗体的 MAC 地址都是动态学到的，且被加入到当前配置文件中了。而无需管理员手动配置来将这些地址加入到配置文件。默认情况下，粘滞 MAC 地址保全并不是自动加入到启动配置文件（the startup configuration, NVRAM）中去的。而为确认此信息已被保存到 NVRAM 中，也就是这些地址不要在交换机重启后重新学习，就要记住执行 `copy running-config startup-config` 命令， 或者命令 `copy system:running-config nvram:startup-config`, 执行二者中的哪一条，取决于部署该特性的那台交换机的 IOS 版本。下面的输出演示了在配置了粘滞地址学习的端口上的 `show port-security address` 命令。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
VTP-Server-1#show port-security address
|
||||
Secure Mac Address Table
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Vlan Mac Address Type Ports Remaining Age
|
||||
(mins)
|
||||
---- ----------- ---- ----- ------------
|
||||
1 0004.c16f.8741 <b>SecureSticky</b> Gi0/2 -
|
||||
1 000c.cea7.f3a0 <b>SecureSticky</b> Gi0/2 -
|
||||
1 0013.1986.0a20 <b>SecureSticky</b> Gi0/2 -
|
||||
1 001d.09d4.0238 <b>SecureSticky</b> Gi0/2 -
|
||||
1 0030.803f.ea81 <b>SecureSticky</b> Gi0/2 -
|
||||
1 0004.c16f.8741 SecureSticky Gi0/2 -
|
||||
1 000c.cea7.f3a0 SecureSticky Gi0/2 -
|
||||
1 0013.1986.0a20 SecureSticky Gi0/2 -
|
||||
1 001d.09d4.0238 SecureSticky Gi0/2 -
|
||||
1 0030.803f.ea81 SecureSticky Gi0/2 -
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Total Addresses in System : 5
|
||||
Max Addresses limit in System : 1024
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你还可以在交换机上设置一个老化时间和类型（an aging time and type）, 不过这是超出 CCNA 要求的。（如你愿意可以自己试试。）
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1226,29 +1226,29 @@ VTP-Server-1(config-if)#switchport port-security violation restrict
|
||||
|
||||
是通过命令 `show port-security` 命令，来对所配置的端口安全冲突动作进行验证的，如下面的输出所示。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
VTP-Server-1#<b>show port-security</b>
|
||||
```
|
||||
VTP-Server-1#show port-security
|
||||
Secure Port MaxSecureAddr CurrentAddr SecurityViolation Security Action
|
||||
(Count) (Count) (Count)
|
||||
Gi0/2 10 5 0 Restrict
|
||||
Total Addresses in System : 5
|
||||
Max Addresses limit in System : 1024
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如交换机上开启了日志记录，同时配置了限制模式（Restrict mode）或关闭模式（Shutdown mode），类似于下面输出的这些消息将会在控制台打印出来，并记录到本地缓存或者发往某台日志服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
VTP-Server-1#<b>show logging</b>
|
||||
```
|
||||
VTP-Server-1#show logging
|
||||
...
|
||||
[Truncated Output]
|
||||
...
|
||||
<b>04:23:21: %PORT_SECURITY-2-PSECURE_VIOLATION:</b> Security violation occurred, caused by MAC
|
||||
04:23:21: %PORT_SECURITY-2-PSECURE_VIOLATION: Security violation occurred, caused by MAC
|
||||
address 0013.1986.0a20 on port Gi0/2.
|
||||
<b>04:23:31: %PORT_SECURITY-2-PSECURE_VIOLATION:</b> Security violation occurred, caused by MAC
|
||||
04:23:31: %PORT_SECURITY-2-PSECURE_VIOLATION: Security violation occurred, caused by MAC
|
||||
address 000c.cea7.f3a0 on port Gi0/2.
|
||||
<b>04:23:46: %PORT_SECURITY-2-PSECURE_VIOLATION:</b> Security violation occurred, caused by MAC
|
||||
04:23:46: %PORT_SECURITY-2-PSECURE_VIOLATION: Security violation occurred, caused by MAC
|
||||
address 0004.c16f.8741 on port Gi0/2.
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
最后要说明的一点是**在 Packet Tracer 上可以配置交换机安全，但许多命令及 `show` 命令不会工作。**
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1445,21 +1445,21 @@ Switch(config)#
|
||||
|
||||
3. 为交换机上的 VLAN 1 添加一个 IP 地址（所有端口都自动在 VLAN 1 中）。此外， 将 192.168.1.1 加到 PC 的 FastEthernet 接口上。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
Switch(config)#interface vlan1
|
||||
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
|
||||
Switch(config-if)#no shut
|
||||
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up
|
||||
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan2, changed state to up
|
||||
Switch(config-if)#^Z <b>← press Ctrl+Z keys</b>
|
||||
Switch(config-if)#^Z ← press Ctrl+Z keys
|
||||
Switch#
|
||||
Switch#ping 192.168.1.1 <b>← test connection from switch to PC</b>
|
||||
Switch#ping 192.168.1.1 ← test connection from switch to PC
|
||||
Type escape sequence to abort.
|
||||
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
|
||||
.!!!!
|
||||
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 ms
|
||||
Switch#
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4. 通过从 PC 远程登陆到交换机来测试远程登陆。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1489,12 +1489,12 @@ Switch(config-if)#
|
||||
|
||||
8. 硬性设置 PC 的 MAC 地址为该端口的允许地址。在 PC 的命令行上使用命令 `ipconfig/all` 来查看其 MAC 地址。再就要检查端口安全的状态和设置了。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
Switch(config-if)#switchport port-security mac-address 0001.C7DD.CB18
|
||||
Switch(config-if)#^Z
|
||||
Switch#show port-security int FastEthernet0/1
|
||||
Port Security : Enabled
|
||||
Port Status : <b>Secure-up</b>
|
||||
Port Status : Secure-up
|
||||
Violation Mode : Shutdown
|
||||
Aging Time : 0 mins
|
||||
Aging Type : Absolute
|
||||
@ -1503,9 +1503,9 @@ Maximum MAC Addresses : 1
|
||||
Total MAC Addresses : 1
|
||||
Configured MAC Addresses : 0
|
||||
Sticky MAC Addresses : 0
|
||||
Last Source Address:Vlan : <b>0001.C7DD.CB18:1</b>
|
||||
Last Source Address:Vlan : 0001.C7DD.CB18:1
|
||||
Security Violation Count : 0
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
9. 修改 PC 的 MAC 地址，如你无法修改，可以将另一台设备插入该交换机端口。这将会令到该端口关闭，因为破坏了安全设置。下面的屏幕截图展示了 Packet Tracer 中修改 MAC 地址的地方。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1513,7 +1513,7 @@ Security Violation Count : 0
|
||||
|
||||
10. 你将看到 FastEthernet 端口立即宕掉。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
Switch#
|
||||
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to administratively down
|
||||
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down
|
||||
@ -1522,7 +1522,7 @@ Switch#
|
||||
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
|
||||
Switch#show port-security interface FastEthernet0/1
|
||||
Port Security : Enabled
|
||||
Port Status : <b>Secure-shutdown</b>
|
||||
Port Status : Secure-shutdown
|
||||
Violation Mode : Shutdown
|
||||
Aging Time : 0 mins
|
||||
Aging Type : Absolute
|
||||
@ -1531,9 +1531,9 @@ Maximum MAC Addresses : 1
|
||||
Total MAC Addresses : 0
|
||||
Configured MAC Addresses : 0
|
||||
Sticky MAC Addresses : 0
|
||||
Last Source Address:Vlan : <b>0001.C7DD.CB19:1</b>
|
||||
Last Source Address:Vlan : 0001.C7DD.CB19:1
|
||||
Security Violation Count : 1
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
>**注意：** 请重复本实验，直到理解这些命令，并在不看上述实验步骤的情况下输入这些命令为止（本书的其它实验也要这样做）。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user