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233 lines
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233 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
安卓编年史
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============================================================
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> 让我们跟着安卓从 0.5 版本到 7 的无尽迭代来看看它的发展历史。
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### Android TV
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2014 年 11 月谷歌公布了安卓 TV,安卓继续进行它带着一块屏幕征服一切的征程。这家公司里的一个部门之前在蜂巢时代尝试过用谷歌 TV 掌控客厅,但这次完全是来自安卓团队的新点子。安卓 TV 使用安卓 5.0 棒棒糖,并给了它一个为室内最大屏幕设计的 Material Design 界面。首发硬件谷歌选择了华硕来代工“Nexus Player”,这是一个配置不足但够用的机顶盒。
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安卓 TV 专注于三样东西:视频,音乐,以及游戏。你可以用一个小遥控器控制电视,它只有四向方向键以及四个按钮,后退、主页、麦克风以及播放/暂停。至于游戏,华硕克隆了一个 Xbox 360 手柄,给了玩家一堆按键和一对摇杆。
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安卓 TV 的界面很简单。大幅的媒体略缩图占据了屏幕,可以横向滚动,这些媒体中有 Youtube、Google Play、Netflix、Hulu 以及其它来源。这些略缩图实际上是来自不同媒体源的“推荐”项目,它不是简单地将一个应用的内容填满屏幕。在那下面你可以直接访问应用和设置。
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语音界面很赞。你可以告诉安卓 TV 播放任意你想要的内容,而不用通过图形界面去寻找。你还能在内容里获得更聪明的搜索结果,比如“显示和 Harrison Ford 有关的电影”。每个应用都可以给索引服务提供内容,而不是简单的应用集合。所有的这些应用都在 Play 商店有一个 TV 版本。开发者对安卓 TV 的特别支持还包括谷歌 cast 协议,允许用户从他们的手机和平板向电视投射视频和音乐。
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### Android 5.1 Lollipop
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安卓 5.1 在 2015 年 3 月发布,这是安卓最小的更新。它的目的主要是[修复 Nexus 6 上的加密性能问题][43],还添加了设备保护和一些小的界面调整。
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设备保护是唯一的新增界面,采用的是在开机设置显示新警告的形式。这个特性在设备被偷了之后“保护你的设备不被再次利用”。一旦设置了锁屏,设备保护就开始介入,并且会在擦除设备的时候被触发。如果你以机主正常的方式擦除设备——解锁手机并从设置选择“重置”——什么都不会发生。但如果你通过开发者工具擦除,设备会在下次开机设置的时候要求你“验证之前同步的谷歌账户”。
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这个想法是基于开发者是会知道之前登录的谷歌帐号凭证的,但小偷就不知道了,他们会卡在设置这一步。在现实中这引发了[一个猫鼠游戏][44],人们寻找漏洞来绕过设备保护,而谷歌知道了这个 bug 并修补它。OEM 定制也引入了一些有趣的 bug 来绕过设备保护。
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还有很多特别微小的界面改动,我们没法一一列在上面的图中。除了上面的图片描述之外没什么可说的了。
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### Android Auto
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同样是在 2015 年 3 月,谷歌发布了“安卓 Auto”,一个基于安卓界面的全新车载娱乐信息系统。安卓 Auto 是谷歌面对苹果的 CarPlay 交出的答卷,它们很多地方都很相似。安卓 Auto 不完全是个操作系统——它是一个运行在你手机上的“投射”界面,使用车载显示屏作为一块外置显示器。运行安卓 Auto 意味着拥有一款兼容的汽车,在手机上(安卓 5.0 及以上版本)安装了安卓 Auto 应用,并用 USB 线将手机连接到汽车。
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安卓 Auto 给你已有的车载系统带来了谷歌的 Material Design 界面,给这个[通常挣扎于]设计好软件的平台带来了顶级的软件设计。安卓 Auto 是个对安卓界面的完全重新设计,以遵循世界各地对车载系统无数的规定。它没有通常充满应用图标的“主屏”,安卓的导航栏也变为了一个常驻的应用启动器(几乎像是个标签页式的界面)。
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算下来特性实际上只有四部分,导航栏从左到右是:谷歌地图,一个拨号/联系人界面,“主屏”部分混合了 Google Now 和一个通知面板,还有一个音乐页面。最后一个按钮是一个“OEM”页面,让你可以退出安卓 Auto,返回到自带的车载系统(这也是为了放置汽车制造商的定制特性)。安卓 Auto 还带有谷歌的语音命令系统,以一个麦克风按钮的形式显示在屏幕右上角。
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安卓 Auto 的应用没有多少。它只允许两个类别的应用:音乐和信息应用。车载信息娱乐系统的规定意味着自定义界面不是个好选择。信息应用没有界面,并且可以接入语音系统,音乐应用也不会太多地改变界面,仅仅只是调整一下谷歌默认的“音乐应用”模板的颜色和图标。但实际上重要的是音乐和消息的送达,在不让驾驶员太多分心的情况下,一般的应用就没法使用了。
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安卓 Auto 在它的最初发布之后就没看到多少更新了,但已经逐渐有很多汽车制造商支持了。到了 2017 年,将会有[超过 100][46] 款支持的汽车型号。
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作者简介:
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Ron 是 Ars Technica 的评论编缉,专注于安卓系统和谷歌产品。他总是在追寻新鲜事物,还喜欢拆解事物看看它们到底是怎么运作的。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/
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作者:[RON AMADEO][a]
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译者:[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x)
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校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo/
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[1]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ht8yzpIV9M0
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[2]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[3]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[4]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[5]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[6]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[7]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[8]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[9]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[10]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[11]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[12]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[13]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[14]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[15]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[16]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[17]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[18]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[19]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[20]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[21]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[22]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[23]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[24]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[25]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[26]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[27]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[28]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[29]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[30]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[31]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[32]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[33]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[34]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[35]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[36]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[37]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[38]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[39]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[40]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[41]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/30/#
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[42]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo/
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[43]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/03/a-look-at-android-5-1-speed-security-tweaks/
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[44]:http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/08/11/rootjunky-discovers-frp-bypass-method-newer-samsung-phones/
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||
[45]:http://www.autoblog.com/2014/10/27/consumer-reports-reliability-infotainment-woes/
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[46]:http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2016/10/11/android-auto-comes-more-than-100-car-models-2017/91884366/
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[47]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/1/
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[48]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/2/
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[49]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/29/
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[50]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/31/
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[51]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/32/
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[52]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/33/
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[53]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/31/
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