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findmnt 命令的八个应用实例

已挂载的文件系统和设备

linux 中常用的检查已挂载的文件系统的是 mount 命令,不仅用于列出已挂载的设备,而且可以在需要的时候挂载和卸载。另外还有一个叫做 findmnt 的超赞命令,它可以用于快速查看挂载位置和选项。

安装findmnt

findmnt 命令来自 util-linux 软件包,默认安装在大多数发行版中,如 UbuntuFedoraDebian

$ aptitude search util-linux
i   util-linux                     - Miscellaneous system utilities

$ yum info util-linux

使用findmnt

1. 列出文件系统

无任何选项运行 findmnt只会以树形结构图的方式列出所有已挂载的文件系统。

$ findmnt

2. 以列表形式输出

输出可以格式化为一个简单的列表而不是默认的树形结构使用l键盘u和o中间那个不是数字1选项使它方便阅读。

$ findmnt -l
TARGET                   SOURCE                              FSTYPE  OPTIONS
/sys                     sysfs                               sysfs   rw,nosu
/proc                    proc                                proc    rw,nosu
/dev                     udev                                devtmpf rw,rela
/dev/pts                 devpts                              devpts  rw,nosu
/run                     tmpfs                               tmpfs   rw,nosu
/                        /dev/disk/by-uuid/6fa5a72a-ba26-4588-a103-74bb6b33a763
                                                             ext4    rw,rela
/sys/fs/cgroup                                               tmpfs   rw,rela
/sys/fs/fuse/connections                                     fusectl rw,rela
/sys/kernel/debug                                            debugfs rw,rela
/sys/kernel/security                                         securit rw,rela
/run/lock                                                    tmpfs   rw,nosu
/run/shm                                                     tmpfs   rw,nosu
/run/user                                                    tmpfs   rw,nosu
/sys/fs/pstore                                               pstore  rw,rela
/media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1
                         /dev/sda8                           ext4    rw,nosu
/media/4668484A68483B47  /dev/sda5                           fuseblk rw,nosu
/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc                         binfmt_ rw,nosu
/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd   systemd                             cgroup  rw,nosu
/run/user/1000/gvfs      gvfsd-fuse                          fuse.gv rw,nosu

3. df格式输出

Findmnt 可以用“-D”或“-df”选项创建一个 df 格式的输出报告空闲和已用磁盘空间。

$ findmnt -D
SOURCE                  FSTYPE       SIZE   USED   AVAIL USE% TARGET
devtmpfs                devtmpfs   994.2M      0  994.2M   0% /dev
selinuxfs               selinuxfs       0      0       0    - /sys/fs/selinux
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1001.5M    68K 1001.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1001.5M   724K 1000.8M   0% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1001.5M      0 1001.5M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4         6.5G   5.3G  811.6M  82% /
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1001.5M    60K 1001.5M   0% /tmp
/dev/sda1               ext4       476.2M 107.7M  339.6M  23% /boot

需要注意的是,以上选项 util-linux2.20 之前的版本都不可用,它正好是 Ubuntu13.10 上的最新版本

4. 从fstab读取文件系统

使用“-s”或“-fstab”选项findmnt 将只从/etc/fstab文件和/etc/fstab.d目录读取文件系统。

$ findmnt -s
TARGET SOURCE                                    FSTYPE OPTIONS
/      /dev/mapper/fedora-root                   ext4   defaults
/boot  UUID=18cde604-1c65-4ec8-8a8d-385df50ada3b ext4   defaults
swap   /dev/mapper/fedora-swap                   swap   defaults

5. 通过类型过滤文件系统

Findmnt 可以打印出只基于类型的特定的文件系统,例如 ext4多个系统类型可以指定一个逗号分隔。

$ findmnt -t ext4
TARGET  SOURCE                  FSTYPE OPTIONS
/       /dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4   rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
└─/boot /dev/sda1               ext4   rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered

6. 原始输出

如果你喜欢原始风格的输出,那么使用“-r”或“--raw”选项。

$ findmnt --raw
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
/sys sysfs sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
/proc proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
/dev udev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=4069060k,nr_inodes=1017265,mode=755
/dev/pts devpts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000
/run tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=816716k,mode=755
/ /dev/disk/by-uuid/6fa5a72a-ba26-4588-a103-74bb6b33a763 ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered
/sys/fs/cgroup  tmpfs rw,relatime,size=4k,mode=755
/sys/fs/fuse/connections  fusectl rw,relatime
/sys/kernel/debug  debugfs rw,relatime
/sys/kernel/security  securityfs rw,relatime
/run/lock  tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k
/run/shm  tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime
/run/user  tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=102400k,mode=755
/sys/fs/pstore  pstore rw,relatime
/media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 /dev/sda8 ext4 rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered
/media/4668484A68483B47 /dev/sda5 fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd systemd cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,name=systemd
/run/user/1000/gvfs gvfsd-fuse fuse.gvfsd-fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000

看起来非常整洁(译注,亲爱的读者你也这样觉得么?)。

7. 通过源设备查找

通过源设备查找文件系统,指定设备路径包括/不包括“-S”选项。

$ findmnt -S /dev/sda1
TARGET SOURCE    FSTYPE OPTIONS
/boot  /dev/sda1 ext4   rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered

8. 通过挂载点查找

通过挂载目录查找文件系统,指定目录包括/不包括“-T /--target”选项。

$ findmnt -T /
TARGET SOURCE                  FSTYPE OPTIONS
/      /dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4   rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered

$ findmnt -T /media/4668484A68483B47
TARGET                  SOURCE    FSTYPE  OPTIONS
/media/4668484A68483B47 /dev/sda5 fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0

总结

这是一个 findmnt 命令的简要介绍。关于 findmnt 的更多选项可以在 man 手册页中找到。


via: http://www.binarytides.com/linux-findmnt-command/

译者:Vito 校对:Caroline

本文由 LCTT 原创翻译,Linux中国 荣誉推出