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sources/tech/20240117 How to achieve -dnf swap--equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree.md
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179 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
[#]: subject: "How to achieve “dnf swap”-equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree"
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[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-achieve-dnf-swap-equivalent-functionality-with-rpm-ostree/"
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[#]: author: "Mateus Rodrigues Costa https://fedoramagazine.org/author/mateusrodcosta/"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972/lctt-scripts-1700446145"
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[#]: translator: " "
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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How to achieve “dnf swap”-equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree
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======
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![][1]
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Photo by [Visax][2] on [Unsplash][3]
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If you are running one of the standard variants of Fedora Linux, such as Fedora Workstation or one of the other non-ostree variants, you might have used the _dnf swap_ command at some point to replace one package with another one. This article will describe a technique for performing a similar operation on an [ostree][4] installation using the rpm-ostree command.
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The _dnf swap_ command prevents conflicts when two packages contain files with the same name and filesystem path. It is necessary when other system packages depend on a package that you want to replace (“swap out”) with an alternative version, but completely uninstalling the dependent packages and then reinstalling everything with the alternative isn’t practical.
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However, that doesn’t work very well with Fedora Silverblue and the ostree variants. They do not have a _rpm-ostree swap_ command. Luckly, there is a way to achieve similar functionality. We just need to uninstall the old package and install the new package in the same transaction!
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### Use rpm-ostree to replace packages in the base image
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The most common scenario, especially when not overlaying many packages or none at all, is to replace packages in the base image.
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A good example of this is replacing nano-default-editor, which was [made the default in Fedora Linux 33][5], with vim-default-editor. Some users would prefer using vim, but _dnf swap nano-default-editor vim-default-editor_ won’t work on ostree-based systems.
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If using _dnf_ , when trying to install _vim-default-editor_ , you will most likely hit dependency conflicts and the transaction will fail. The output below is what you would get and it effectively means that both _nano-default-editor_ and _vim-default-editor_ provide _system-default-editor_ , but only one provider of _system-default-editor_ can be installed at once. (vim-default-editor _or_ nano-default-editor can be installed, but both cannot be installed at the same time.)
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```
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$ sudo dnf install vim-default-editor
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...
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Error:
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Problem: problem with installed package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from fedora
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- conflicting requests
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from fedora
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(try to add '--allowerasing' to command line to replace conflicting packages or '--skip-broken' to skip uninstallable packages)
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```
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If you attempt the same on rpm-ostree, a similar error message appears, effectively having the same meaning.
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```
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$ rpm-ostree install vim-default-editor
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...
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Resolving dependencies... done
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error: Could not depsolve transaction; 1 problem detected:
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Problem: conflicting requests
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2048-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2048-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2081-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2081-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2105-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2105-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2120-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2120-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2153-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2153-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2167-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2167-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System
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- package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive
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- package vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System
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```
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So, for this to work, we have to look into removing _nano-default-editor_ first. In this scenario we have to look into _rpm-ostree override remove_ , which allows us to remove packages from the base image. But, if we simply try to remove _nano-default-editor_ , it will fail saying _default-editor_ needs a package that provides _system-default-editor_. In other words, if we want to remove nano-default-editor we need to install vim-default-editor or another package that provides _system-default-editor_. Another possibility is removing _default-editor_ completely and losing this functionality:
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```
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$ rpm-ostree override remove nano-default-editor
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...
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Resolving dependencies... done
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error: Could not depsolve transaction; 1 problem detected:
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Problem: package default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System requires system-default-editor, but none of the providers can be installed
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- conflicting requests
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```
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Thankfully, the _rpm-ostree override remove_ command accepts an extra _‐‐install_ argument which allows us to also install a package along with the removal! So, if we add vim-default-editor as well, we get:
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```
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$ rpm-ostree override remove nano-default-editor --install vim-default-editor
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<snip>
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Resolving dependencies... done
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Will download: 6 packages (10,0 MB)
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Downloading from 'fedora'... done
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Downloading from 'updates'... done
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Importing packages... done
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Applying 1 override and 6 overlays
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Processing packages... done
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Running pre scripts... done
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Running post scripts... done
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Running posttrans scripts... done
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Writing rpmdb... done
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Writing OSTree commit... done
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Staging deployment... done
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Freed: 213,9 MB (pkgcache branches: 0)
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Removed:
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nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch
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Added:
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gpm-libs-1.20.7-44.fc39.x86_64
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vim-common-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.x86_64
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vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.noarch
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vim-enhanced-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.x86_64
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vim-filesystem-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.noarch
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xxd-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.x86_64
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Use "rpm-ostree override reset" to undo overrides
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Run "systemctl reboot" to start a reboot
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```
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And now, after a reboot, vim-default-editor should be installed and vim should be the default editor. You can confirm the results with _rpm-ostree status_ :
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```
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$ rpm-ostree status
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State: idle
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Deployments:
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● fedora:fedora/39/x86_64/silverblue
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Version: 39.20240106.0 (2024-01-06T01:35:56Z)
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BaseCommit: 2d052ca5e08b07406612e68cbb4ec67e86d733dba5e458234ad65bc5a4ad5b51
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GPGSignature: Valid signature by E8F23996F23218640CB44CBE75CF5AC418B8E74C
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RemovedBasePackages: nano-default-editor 7.2-4.fc39
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LayeredPackages: vim-default-editor
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```
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The command to undo such transaction would be _rpm-ostree override reset nano-default-editor ‐‐uninstall vim-default-editor_.
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### Replacing overlaid packages
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When replacing overlaid packages the process is considerably simpler. There are three commands to consider: _rpm-ostree install_ , _rpm-ostree uninstall_ and _rpm-ostree upgrade_.
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_rpm-ostree install_ receives a list of packages to be installed, but also supports a _‐‐uninstall_ parameter to remove packages in the same transaction. _rpm-ostree uninstall_ receives a list of packages to be uninstalled, but also supports a _‐‐install_ parameter to install packages in the same transaction.
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_rpm-ostree upgrade_ upgrades the system, but also supports the _‐‐install_ and _‐‐uninstall_ parameters to install or uninstall packages in the same transaction.
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Ultimately, for overlaid packages, it’s mostly a choice of whether to also update the system and then choosing the most convenient command.
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### Conclusion
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While, due to the nature of _rpm-ostree_ , it may not seem that _dnf swap_ -like functionality is achievable, a closer look at its commands shows similar flexibility, even if in different clothing.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-achieve-dnf-swap-equivalent-functionality-with-rpm-ostree/
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作者：[Mateus Rodrigues Costa][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/mateusrodcosta/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/dnf_swap_equivalent-816x345.jpg
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[2]: https://unsplash.com/@visaxslr?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash
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[3]: https://unsplash.com/photos/a-silhouette-of-trees-and-a-cloudy-sky-yYw1JK-d8JA?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash
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[4]: https://ostreedev.github.io/ostree/
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[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-33-workstation/#:~:text=swap%2Don%2Dzram.-,Nano%20by%20default,-Fresh%20Fedora%2033
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