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366 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
LXD 2.0 系列（十）：LXD 和 Juju
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======================================
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这是 [LXD 2.0 系列介绍文章][1]的第十篇。
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### 介绍
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Juju 是 Canonical 的服务建模和部署工具。 它支持非常广泛的云服务提供商，使您能够轻松地在任何云上部署任何您想要的服务。
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此外，Juju 2.0 还支持 LXD，既适用于本地部署，也适合开发，并且可以在云实例或物理机上共同协作。
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本篇文章将关注本地使用，通过一个没有任何Juju经验的LXD用户来体验。
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### 要求
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本篇文章假设你已经安装了 LXD 2.0 并且配置完毕（看前面的文章），并且是在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 上运行的。
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### 设置 Juju
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第一件事是在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装 Juju 2.0。这个很简单：
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ sudo apt install juju
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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The following additional packages will be installed:
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juju-2.0
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Suggested packages:
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juju-core
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The following NEW packages will be installed:
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juju juju-2.0
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0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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Need to get 39.7 MB of archives.
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After this operation, 269 MB of additional disk space will be used.
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Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
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Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 juju-2.0 amd64 2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1 [39.6 MB]
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Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 juju all 2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1 [9,556 B]
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Fetched 39.7 MB in 0s (53.4 MB/s)
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Selecting previously unselected package juju-2.0.
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(Reading database ... 255132 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to unpack .../juju-2.0_2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking juju-2.0 (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...
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Selecting previously unselected package juju.
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Preparing to unpack .../juju_2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1_all.deb ...
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Unpacking juju (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...
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Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
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Setting up juju-2.0 (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...
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Setting up juju (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...
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```
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安装完成后，我们可以使用 LXD 启动一个新的“控制器”。这意味着 Juju 不会修改你主机上的任何东西，它会在 LXD 容器中安装它的管理服务。
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现在我们创建一个“test”控制器：
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ juju bootstrap localhost test
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Creating Juju controller "local.test" on localhost/localhost
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Bootstrapping model "admin"
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Starting new instance for initial controller
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Launching instance
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- juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0
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Installing Juju agent on bootstrap instance
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Preparing for Juju GUI 2.1.2 release installation
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Waiting for address
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Attempting to connect to 10.178.150.72:22
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Logging to /var/log/cloud-init-output.log on remote host
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Running apt-get update
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Running apt-get upgrade
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Installing package: curl
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Installing package: cpu-checker
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Installing package: bridge-utils
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Installing package: cloud-utils
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Installing package: cloud-image-utils
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Installing package: tmux
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Fetching tools: curl -sSfw 'tools from %{url_effective} downloaded: HTTP %{http_code}; time %{time_total}s; size %{size_download} bytes; speed %{speed_download} bytes/s ' --retry 10 -o $bin/tools.tar.gz <[https://streams.canonical.com/juju/tools/agent/2.0-beta7/juju-2.0-beta7-xenial-amd64.tgz]>
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Bootstrapping Juju machine agent
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Starting Juju machine agent (jujud-machine-0)
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Bootstrap agent installed
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Waiting for API to become available: upgrade in progress (upgrade in progress)
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Waiting for API to become available: upgrade in progress (upgrade in progress)
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Waiting for API to become available: upgrade in progress (upgrade in progress)
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Bootstrap complete, local.test now available.
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```
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这会花费一点时间，这时你可以看到一个正在运行的一个新的 LXD 容器：
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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| NAME | STATE | IPV4 | IPV6 | TYPE | SNAPSHOTS |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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| juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.72 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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```
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在 Juju 这边，你可以确认它是有响应的，并且还没有服务运行：
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status
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[Services]
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NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM
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[Units]
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ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE
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[Machines]
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ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ
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```
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你也可以在浏览器中访问 Juju 的 GUI 界面：
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ juju gui
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Opening the Juju GUI in your browser.
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If it does not open, open this URL:
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https://10.178.150.72:17070/gui/97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b/
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```
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不过我更倾向使用命令行，因此我会在接下来使用。
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### 部署一个 minecraft 服务
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让我们先来一个简单的，部署在一个容器中使用一个 Juju 单元的服务。
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ juju deploy cs:trusty/minecraft
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Added charm "cs:trusty/minecraft-3" to the model.
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Deploying charm "cs:trusty/minecraft-3" with the charm series "trusty".
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```
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命令返回会很快，然而这不意味着服务已经启动并运行了。你应该使用 `juju status` 来查看：
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status
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[Services]
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NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM
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minecraft maintenance false cs:trusty/minecraft-3
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[Units]
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ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE
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minecraft/1 maintenance executing 2.0-beta7 1 10.178.150.74 (install) Installing java
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[Machines]
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ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ
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1 started 10.178.150.74 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-1 trusty
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```
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我们可以看到它正在忙于在刚刚创建的 LXD 容器中安装 java。
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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| NAME | STATE | IPV4 | IPV6 | TYPE | SNAPSHOTS |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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| juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.72 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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| juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-1 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.74 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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```
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过一会之后，如我们所见服务就部署完毕了：
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status
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[Services]
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NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM
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minecraft active false cs:trusty/minecraft-3
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[Units]
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ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE
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minecraft/1 active idle 2.0-beta7 1 25565/tcp 10.178.150.74 Ready
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[Machines]
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ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ
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1 started 10.178.150.74 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-1 trusty
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```
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这时你就可以启动你的 Minecraft 客户端了，将其指向 10.178.150.74，端口是 25565。现在可以在新的 minecraft 服务器上玩了！
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当你不再需要它，只需运行：
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ juju destroy-service minecraft
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```
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只要等待几秒就好了。
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### 部署一个更复杂的 web 应用
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Juju 的主要工作是建模复杂的服务，并以可扩展的方式部署它们。
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为了更好地展示，让我们部署一个 Juju “组合”。 这个组合是由网站，API，数据库，静态 Web 服务器和反向代理组成的基本 Web 服务。
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所以这将扩展到 4 个互联的 LXD 容器。
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ juju deploy cs:~charmers/bundle/web-infrastructure-in-a-box
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added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/node-app-1
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service api deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/node-app-1 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
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annotations set for service api
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added charm cs:trusty/mongodb-3
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service mongodb deployed (charm cs:trusty/mongodb-3 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
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annotations set for service mongodb
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added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-4
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service nginx deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-4 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
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annotations set for service nginx
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added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-proxy-3
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service nginx-proxy deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-proxy-3 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
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annotations set for service nginx-proxy
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added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/website-3
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service website deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/website-3 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
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annotations set for service website
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related mongodb:database and api:mongodb
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related website:nginx-engine and nginx:web-engine
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related api:website and nginx-proxy:website
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related nginx-proxy:website and website:website
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added api/0 unit to new machine
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added mongodb/0 unit to new machine
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added nginx/0 unit to new machine
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added nginx-proxy/0 unit to new machine
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deployment of bundle "cs:~charmers/bundle/web-infrastructure-in-a-box-10" completed
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```
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几秒后，你会看到 LXD 容器在运行了：
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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| NAME | STATE | IPV4 | IPV6 | TYPE | SNAPSHOTS |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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| juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.72 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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| juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-2 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.98 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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| juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-3 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.29 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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| juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-4 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.202 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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| juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-5 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.214 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
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```
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几分钟后，所有的服务应该部署完毕并运行了：
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status
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[Services]
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NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM
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api unknown false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/node-app-1
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mongodb unknown false cs:trusty/mongodb-3
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nginx unknown false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-4
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nginx-proxy unknown false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-proxy-3
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website false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/website-3
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[Relations]
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SERVICE1 SERVICE2 RELATION TYPE
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api mongodb database regular
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api nginx-proxy website regular
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mongodb mongodb replica-set peer
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nginx website nginx-engine subordinate
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nginx-proxy website website regular
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[Units]
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ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE
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api/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 2 8000/tcp 10.178.150.98
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mongodb/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 3 27017/tcp,27019/tcp,27021/tcp,28017/tcp 10.178.150.29
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nginx-proxy/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 5 80/tcp 10.178.150.214
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nginx/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 4 10.178.150.202
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website/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 10.178.150.202
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[Machines]
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ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ
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2 started 10.178.150.98 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-2 trusty
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3 started 10.178.150.29 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-3 trusty
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4 started 10.178.150.202 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-4 trusty
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5 started 10.178.150.214 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-5 trusty
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```
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这时你就可以在 80 端口访问 http://10.178.150.214，并且会看到一个 Juju 学院页面。
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[
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][2]
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### 清理所有东西
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如果你不需要 Juju 创建的容器并且不在乎下次需要再次启动，最简单的方法是：
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ juju destroy-controller test --destroy-all-models
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WARNING! This command will destroy the "local.test" controller.
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This includes all machines, services, data and other resources.
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Continue [y/N]? y
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Destroying controller
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Waiting for hosted model resources to be reclaimed
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Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
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Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
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Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
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Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
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Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
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Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
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Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
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Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
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Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
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Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
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Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
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Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
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Waiting on 1 model, 2 machines
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Waiting on 1 model
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Waiting on 1 model
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All hosted models reclaimed, cleaning up controller machines
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```
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我们用下面的方式确认：
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```
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stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-
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+------+-------+------+------+------+-----------+
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| NAME | STATE | IPV4 | IPV6 | TYPE | SNAPSHOTS |
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+------+-------+------+------+------+-----------+
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```
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### 总结
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Juju 2.0 内置的 LXD 支持使得可以用一种非常干净的方式来测试各种服务。
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在 Juju charm store 中有很多预制的“组合”可以用来部署，甚至可以用多个“charm”来组合你想要的架构。
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Juju 与 LXD 是一个完美的解决方案，从一个小的 Web 服务到大规模的基础设施都可以简单开发，这些都在你自己的机器上，并且不会在你的系统上造成混乱！
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### 额外信息
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Juju 网站： http://www.ubuntu.com/cloud/juju
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Juju charm store ： https://jujucharms.com
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LXD 的主站在： https://linuxcontainers.org/lxd
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LXD 的 GitHub 仓库： https://github.com/lxc/lxd
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LXD 的邮件列表： https://lists.linuxcontainers.org
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LXD 的 IRC 频道： #lxcontainers on irc.freenode.net
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如果你不想或者不能在你的机器上安装 LXD ，你可以在 web 上试试[在线版的 LXD](https://linuxcontainers.org/lxd/try-it)。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：我是 Stéphane Graber。我是 LXC 和 LXD 项目的领导者，目前在加拿大魁北克蒙特利尔的家所在的Canonical 有限公司担任 LXD 的技术主管。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.stgraber.org/2016/06/06/lxd-2-0-lxd-and-juju-1012/
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作者：[Stéphane Graber][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.stgraber.org/author/stgraber/
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[1]:https://www.stgraber.org/2016/03/11/lxd-2-0-blog-post-series-012/
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[2]:https://www.stgraber.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/juju-academy.png
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