mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-29 21:41:00 +08:00
1ee2fc7cbe
renamed: 10 Useful Chaining Operators in Linux with Practical Examples.md -> 201401/10 Useful Chaining Operators in Linux with Practical Examples.md renamed: 10 basic examples of linux netstat command.md -> 201401/10 basic examples of linux netstat command.md renamed: 12 Advanced Commands For Linux Server Admins!.md -> 201401/12 Advanced Commands For Linux Server Admins!.md renamed: 14 New Linux Distros That Were Introduced In 2013.md -> 201401/14 New Linux Distros That Were Introduced In 2013.md renamed: 15 Basic MySQL Interview Questions for Database Administrators.md -> 201401/15 Basic MySQL Interview Questions for Database Administrators.md renamed: "2013\357\274\232The Golden Year for Linux \342\200\223 10 Biggest Linux Achievements.md" -> "201401/2013\357\274\232The Golden Year for Linux \342\200\223 10 Biggest Linux Achievements.md" renamed: 2014--The year of the Linux car.md -> 201401/2014--The year of the Linux car.md renamed: 5 Things To Love And Hate About Ubuntu 13.10.md -> 201401/5 Things To Love And Hate About Ubuntu 13.10.md renamed: 8 Interesting Linux Tips And Tricks!.md -> 201401/8 Interesting Linux Tips And Tricks!.md renamed: CentOS 6.5 desktop installation guide with screenshots.md -> 201401/CentOS 6.5 desktop installation guide with screenshots.md renamed: "Command Line Basics \342\200\223 watch.md" -> "201401/Command Line Basics \342\200\223 watch.md" renamed: Configure Your Browser To Use Tor On Ubuntu or Debian or Linux Mint.md -> 201401/Configure Your Browser To Use Tor On Ubuntu or Debian or Linux Mint.md renamed: Daily Ubuntu Tips - Mount Partitions In Ubuntu From Your Desktop GUI.md -> 201401/Daily Ubuntu Tips - Mount Partitions In Ubuntu From Your Desktop GUI.md renamed: "Daily Ubuntu Tips \342\200\223 Do Nothing When Laptop Lid Is Closed.md" -> "201401/Daily Ubuntu Tips \342\200\223 Do Nothing When Laptop Lid Is Closed.md" renamed: "Daily Ubuntu Tips \342\200\224 Install VMware Workstation In Ubuntu.md" -> "201401/Daily Ubuntu Tips \342\200\224 Install VMware Workstation In Ubuntu.md" renamed: "Daily Ubuntu Tips \342\200\224 Windows Disk Management Equivalent In Ubuntu.md" -> "201401/Daily Ubuntu Tips \342\200\224 Windows Disk Management Equivalent In Ubuntu.md" renamed: "Gnu--toward the post-scarcity world \342\200\223 the Free Software Column.md" -> "201401/Gnu--toward the post-scarcity world \342\200\223 the Free Software Column.md" renamed: How to Dual Boot Ubuntu and Windows Properly.md -> 201401/How to Dual Boot Ubuntu and Windows Properly.md renamed: "How to Install and Configure UFW \342\200\223 An Un-complicated FireWall in Debian or Ubuntu.md" -> "201401/How to Install and Configure UFW \342\200\223 An Un-complicated FireWall in Debian or Ubuntu.md" renamed: How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.10 in Ubuntu 13.10.md -> 201401/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.10 in Ubuntu 13.10.md renamed: How to install and configure Nagios on Linux.md -> 201401/How to install and configure Nagios on Linux.md renamed: How to set password policy on Linux.md -> 201401/How to set password policy on Linux.md renamed: How to stitch photos together on Linux.md -> 201401/How to stitch photos together on Linux.md renamed: How to upgrade MySQL server on Debian or Ubuntu.md -> 201401/How to upgrade MySQL server on Debian or Ubuntu.md renamed: Juju ice-cream icon design.md -> 201401/Juju ice-cream icon design.md renamed: Linus Torvalds Releases Last Linux Kernel 3.13 RC for 2013.md -> 201401/Linus Torvalds Releases Last Linux Kernel 3.13 RC for 2013.md renamed: Linus Torvalds Says All Contributor License Agreements Are Broken.md -> 201401/Linus Torvalds Says All Contributor License Agreements Are Broken.md renamed: Linux free Command - Display Free and used Memory in the System.md -> 201401/Linux free Command - Display Free and used Memory in the System.md renamed: Linux id Command - Print user ID and group ID information.md -> 201401/Linux id Command - Print user ID and group ID information.md renamed: Linux is Everywhere. We show you exactly where.md -> 201401/Linux is Everywhere. We show you exactly where.md renamed: Linux lsusb Command to Print information about USB on System.md -> 201401/Linux lsusb Command to Print information about USB on System.md renamed: Linux vmstat Command - Tool to Report Virtual Memory Statistics.md -> 201401/Linux vmstat Command - Tool to Report Virtual Memory Statistics.md renamed: "Linux who command \342\200\223 Displays who is on the system.md" -> "201401/Linux who command \342\200\223 Displays who is on the system.md" renamed: "Move Dropbox\342\200\231s Folder To An External Drive In Ubuntu.md" -> "201401/Move Dropbox\342\200\231s Folder To An External Drive In Ubuntu.md" renamed: New Ubuntu 14.04 Icons Are Drop-Dead Gorgeous, Might Not Arrive in Desktop Version.md -> 201401/New Ubuntu 14.04 Icons Are Drop-Dead Gorgeous, Might Not Arrive in Desktop Version.md renamed: Our Top 10 Linux Applications of 2013.md -> 201401/Our Top 10 Linux Applications of 2013.md renamed: Setup your personal Cloud server in minutes using ownCloud On RHEL, CentOS, Scientific Linux 6.5.md -> 201401/Setup your personal Cloud server in minutes using ownCloud On RHEL, CentOS, Scientific Linux 6.5.md renamed: Software May Be Eating The World, But Open Source Software Is Eating Itself.md -> 201401/Software May Be Eating The World, But Open Source Software Is Eating Itself.md renamed: The Debian Administrator's Handbook updated for Debian 7 Wheezy published and freely available for download.md -> 201401/The Debian Administrator's Handbook updated for Debian 7 Wheezy published and freely available for download.md renamed: The Fedora Project Will No Longer Name Its Linux Distributions.md -> 201401/The Fedora Project Will No Longer Name Its Linux Distributions.md renamed: The Genius Of Linux Is Community, Not Technology.md -> 201401/The Genius Of Linux Is Community, Not Technology.md renamed: Top 10 Linux Distros For Hackers!.md -> 201401/Top 10 Linux Distros For Hackers!.md renamed: Tunnel SSH Connections Over SSL Using 'Stunnel' On Debian 7 Ubuntu 13.10.md -> 201401/Tunnel SSH Connections Over SSL Using 'Stunnel' On Debian 7 Ubuntu 13.10.md renamed: Ubuntu Stores Your Wi-Fi Passwords By Default!.md -> 201401/Ubuntu Stores Your Wi-Fi Passwords By Default!.md renamed: Ubuntu Will Reach True Convergence Before Microsoft, Says Shuttleworth.md -> 201401/Ubuntu Will Reach True Convergence Before Microsoft, Says Shuttleworth.md renamed: Understanding Linux cd Command with Examples.md -> 201401/Understanding Linux cd Command with Examples.md renamed: look--Linux Command To Verify Spellings And Display Lines Beginning With A String.md -> 201401/look--Linux Command To Verify Spellings And Display Lines Beginning With A String.md
135 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
135 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
教你在 Debian 和 Ubuntu 上升级 MySQL
|
||
================================================================================
|
||
系统管理员的日常工作之一就是升级服务,为服务打上补丁包或升级一些花哨的功能。2013年初,最新的 MySQL 5.6发布,目标是提供[更好的性能和扩展能力][1]。如果你对此有点兴趣,倒是可以看看我写的这篇 **如何在 Debian 和 Ubuntu 上升级 MySQL**。
|
||
|
||
在这篇教程中,我会假设你已经[通过 apt-get 安装了 MySQL][2]。写这篇文章的时候,大部分 Linux 发行版上部署的都是 MySQL 5.5。这里我将向你们介绍如何从 MySQL 5.5升级到5.6。
|
||
|
||
###步骤1:备份 MySQL 配置文件。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo mkdir /backup
|
||
$ sudo tar cvfvz /backup/mysql_conf.tgz /etc/mysql
|
||
|
||
###步骤2:把数据库导出到一个 .sql 文件,并且把数据存放路径下面的数据也备份起来。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo sh -c 'mysqldump -u root -p -A --events > /backup/backup_db.sql
|
||
$ sudo tar cvfvz /backup/mysql_data.tgz /var/lib/mysql
|
||
|
||
注意:如果你为你的在线 MySQL 系统提供了持续备份,强烈建议你在执行上面步骤时使用单事务选项,或显式使用锁(以保证数据一致性 —— 译注),详见[这个教程][3]。
|
||
|
||
###步骤3:停止 MySQL 服务
|
||
|
||
$ sudo service mysql stop
|
||
|
||
###步骤4:卸载 MySQL 软件包
|
||
|
||
$ sudo apt-get remove mysql-server mysql-client mysql-common
|
||
$ sudo apt-get autoremove
|
||
$ sudo apt-get autoclean
|
||
|
||
使用 apt-get 卸载时不要用 purge 选项,这会删除 MySQL 配置文件和其它一些以后要用到的数据。
|
||
|
||
###步骤5: 安装 MySQL 依赖包(内核异步 IO 访问库),MySQL 5.5以及之后的版本都依赖它。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo apt-get install libaio1
|
||
|
||
###步骤6:从官网下载 Debian 版的 MySQL 软件包
|
||
|
||
32位系统:
|
||
|
||
$ wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15-debian6.0-i686.deb
|
||
|
||
64位系统:
|
||
|
||
$ wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15-debian6.0-x86_64.deb
|
||
|
||
###步骤7:安装 MySQL 软件包
|
||
|
||
$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-5.6.15-debian6.0-*.deb
|
||
|
||
这个软件包会被安装在 /opt/mysql 目录下面。
|
||
|
||
###步骤8:将 MySQL 命令所在的路径添加到系统环境变量 PATH 内。
|
||
|
||
Debian 上:
|
||
|
||
$ sudo sh -c 'echo "PATH=$PATH:/opt/mysql/server-5.6/bin" >> /etc/profile'
|
||
$ source /etc/profile
|
||
|
||
Ubuntu 或 Linux Mint 上:
|
||
|
||
$ sudo sh -c 'echo "PATH=${PATH}:/opt/mysql/server-5.6/bin" >> /etc/environment'
|
||
$ source /etc/environment
|
||
|
||
###步骤9:进入 MySQL 配置文件,修改下面两行配置。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf
|
||
|
||
> basedir = /opt/mysql/server-5.6
|
||
|
||
> lc-messages-dir = /opt/mysql/server-5.6/share
|
||
|
||
###步骤10:设置启动脚本
|
||
|
||
复制 MySQL 启动脚本到 /etc/init.d 目录下,并且将脚本设置为开机启动,这样一来 MySQL 就能在系统启动的时候自动启动了。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo cp /opt/mysql/server-5.6/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
|
||
$ sudo update-rc.d mysql defaults
|
||
|
||
###步骤11:(仅限 Ubuntu) 编辑AppArmor配置
|
||
|
||
MySQL 的上个版本安装时会为 AppArmor 服务创建一个配置文件,这个文件在 MySQL 卸载后会保留在系统中,但是它与现在安装好的 MySQL 版本不兼容。你需要重新编辑下这个配置文件,然后 MySQL 服务才能正常启动。
|
||
|
||
首先,建一个软链接。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo ln -s /opt/mysql/server-5.6/bin/mysqld /usr/sbin/mysqld
|
||
|
||
然后编辑 MySQL AppArmor 配置文件。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo vi /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld
|
||
|
||
> /opt/mysql/server-5.6/lib/plugin/ r,
|
||
|
||
> /opt/mysql/server-5.6/lib/plugin/*.so* mr,
|
||
|
||
> /opt/mysql/server-5.6/share/** r,
|
||
|
||
最后重启 AppArmor 服务。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo service apparmor restart
|
||
|
||
###步骤12:(还是仅限 Ubuntu)删除上个 MySQL 版本留下的自启动配置文件。
|
||
|
||
这个版本的 MySQL 使用 SysVinit (就是 /etc/init.d/mysql)来代替。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo rm /etc/init/mysql.conf
|
||
|
||
###步骤13:启动 MySQL 服务。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo service mysql start
|
||
|
||
###步骤14:恢复 MySQL 数据库。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo mysql -u root -p < /backup/backup_db.sql
|
||
|
||
###步骤15:最后,升级 MySQL 系统表。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo /opt/mysql/server-5.6/bin/mysql_upgrade -v -u root -p
|
||
|
||
### 解决 MySQL 升级过程中产生的问题 ###
|
||
|
||
如果 Ubuntu 下的 MySQL 服务启动时出现如下错误,就是由于旧版 MySQL AppArmor 配置文件禁止其运行而引起。你需要参考步骤11来更新 AppArmor 的配置文件。
|
||
|
||
Dec 20 19:57:48 ubuntu kernel: [ 5856.960592] type=1400 audit(1387598268.807:39): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=25216 comm="apparmor_parser"
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2013/12/upgrade-mysql-server-debian-ubuntu.html
|
||
|
||
译者:[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[1]:http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/whats-new-in-mysql-5.6.html
|
||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/06/how-to-install-mysql-server-and-client-on-linux.html
|
||
[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2012/10/how-to-backup-mysql-server.html
|