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179 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
179 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-10392-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (How To Install Rust Programming Language In Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-install-rust-programming-language-in-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Prakash Subramanian https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/)
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如何在 Linux 中安装 Rust 编程语言
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======
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Rust 通常被称为 rust-lang。Rust 是一个由 Mozilla Research 赞助的通用的、多范式、现代的、跨平台和开源系统编程语言。
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它旨在实现安全性、速度和并发性等目标。
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Rust 在语法上与 C++ 相似，但它的设计者希望它在保持性能的同时提供更好的内存安全性。
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Rust 目前在许多组织中使用，例如 Firefox、Chef、Dropbox、Oracle、GNOME 等。
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### 如何在 Linux 中安装 Rust 语言？
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我们可以通过多种方式安装 Rust，但以下是官方推荐的安装方式。
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```
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$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
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info: downloading installer
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Welcome to Rust!
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This will download and install the official compiler for the Rust programming
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language, and its package manager, Cargo.
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It will add the cargo, rustc, rustup and other commands to Cargo's bin
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directory, located at:
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/home/daygeek/.cargo/bin
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This path will then be added to your PATH environment variable by modifying the
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profile files located at:
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/home/daygeek/.profile
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/home/daygeek/.bash_profile
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You can uninstall at any time with rustup self uninstall and these changes will
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be reverted.
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Current installation options:
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default host triple: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
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default toolchain: stable
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modify PATH variable: yes
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1) Proceed with installation (default)
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2) Customize installation
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3) Cancel installation
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>1
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info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
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info: latest update on 2018-12-06, rust version 1.31.0 (abe02cefd 2018-12-04)
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info: downloading component 'rustc'
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77.7 MiB / 77.7 MiB (100 %) 1.2 MiB/s ETA: 0 s
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info: downloading component 'rust-std'
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54.2 MiB / 54.2 MiB (100 %) 1.2 MiB/s ETA: 0 s
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info: downloading component 'cargo'
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4.7 MiB / 4.7 MiB (100 %) 1.2 MiB/s ETA: 0 s
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info: downloading component 'rust-docs'
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8.5 MiB / 8.5 MiB (100 %) 1.2 MiB/s ETA: 0 s
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info: installing component 'rustc'
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info: installing component 'rust-std'
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info: installing component 'cargo'
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info: installing component 'rust-docs'
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info: default toolchain set to 'stable'
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stable installed - rustc 1.31.0 (abe02cefd 2018-12-04)
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Rust is installed now. Great!
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To get started you need Cargo's bin directory ($HOME/.cargo/bin) in your PATH
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environment variable. Next time you log in this will be done automatically.
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To configure your current shell run source $HOME/.cargo/env
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```
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运行以下命令配置当前 shell。
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```
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$ source $HOME/.cargo/env
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```
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运行以下命令验证已安装的 Rust 版本。
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```
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$ rustc --version
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rustc 1.31.0 (abe02cefd 2018-12-04)
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```
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### 如何测试 Rust 编程语言？
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安装 Rust 后，请按照以下步骤检查 Rust 语言是否正常工作。
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```
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$ mkdir ~/projects
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$ cd ~/projects
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$ mkdir hello_world
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$ cd hello_world
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```
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创建一个文件并添加以下代码并保存。确保 Rust 文件始终以 .rs 扩展名结尾。
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```
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$ vi 2g.rs
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fn main() {
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println!("Hello, It's 2DayGeek.com - Best Linux Practical Blog!");
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}
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```
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运行以下命令编译 rust 代码。
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```
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$ rustc 2g.rs
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```
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上面的命令将在同一目录中创建一个可执行的 Rust 程序。
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```
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$ ls -lh
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total 3.9M
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 daygeek daygeek 3.9M Dec 14 11:09 2g
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-rw-r--r-- 1 daygeek daygeek 86 Dec 14 11:09 2g.rs
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```
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运行 Rust 可执行文件得到输出。
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```
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$ ./2g
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Hello, It's 2DayGeek.com - Best Linux Practical Blog!
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```
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好了！正常工作了。
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将 Rust 更新到最新版本。
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```
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$ rustup update
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info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
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info: checking for self-updates
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stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu unchanged - rustc 1.31.0 (abe02cefd 2018-12-04)
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```
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运行以下命令从系统中删除 Rust 包。
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```
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$ rustup self uninstall
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```
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卸载 Rust 包后，删除 Rust 项目目录。
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```
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$ rm -fr ~/projects
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-install-rust-programming-language-in-linux/
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作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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