TranslateProject/translated/tech/Linux or UNIX grep Command Tutorial series/20151127 Linux or UNIX grep Command Tutorial series 6--How To Find Files by Content Under UNIX.md

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如何在 UNIX 中根据文件内容查找文件 How To Find Files by Content Under UNIX

为了完成课程作业,我写了很多 C 语言代码并把它们保存为 /home/user/c/*.c and .h。那么在 UNIX shell 窗口中我如何能通过字符串或者单词(例如函数名 main())文件内容来查找文件呢? I had written lots of code in C for my school work and saved it as source code under /home/user/c/.c and *.h. How do I find files by content such as string or words (function name such as main() under UNIX shell prompt?

你需要用到以下工具: You need to use the following tools:

[a] grep 命令 输出匹配模式的行。

[b] find 命令 在目录层次中查找文件。

使用 grep 命令根据内容查找文件

grep Command To Find Files By Content

输入以下命令: Type the command as follows:

grep 'string' *.txt
grep 'main(' *.c
grep '#include<example.h>' *.c
grep 'getChar*' *.c
grep -i 'ultra' *.conf
grep -iR 'ultra' *.conf

其中 Where

  • -i 忽视模式(匹配字符串 valid、 VALID、 ValID )和输入文件(匹配 file.c FILE.c FILE.C的大小写。
  • -R 递归读取每个目录下的所有文件。
  • -i : Ignore case distinctions in both the PATTERN (match valid, VALID, ValID string) and the input files (math file.c FILE.c FILE.C filename).
  • -R : Read all files under each directory, recursively

高亮匹配到的模式

Highlighting searched patterns

在搜索大量文件的时候你可以轻松地高亮模式: You can highlight patterns easily while searching large number of files:

$ grep --color=auto -iR 'getChar();' *.c

为查找到的模式显示文件名和行号

Displaying file names and line number for searched patterns

你也许需要显示文件名和行号: You may also need to display filenames and numbers:

$ grep --color=auto -iRnH 'getChar();' *.c

其中, Where,

  • -n 在输出的每行前面添加文件中以 1 开始的行号。

  • -H 为每个匹配打印文件名。要搜索多个文件时这是默认选项。

  • -n : Prefix each line of output with the 1-based line number within its input file.

  • -H Print the file name for each match. This is the default when there is more than one file to search.

    $grep --color=auto -nH 'DIR' *

输出样例: Sample output:

Fig.01: grep 命令显示搜索到的模式

Fig.01: grep 命令显示搜索到的模式

你也可以使用 find 命令: You can also use find command:

$ find . -name "*.c" -print | xargs grep "main("

via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-finding-files-by-content/

作者Vivek Gite 译者:ictlyh 校对:校对者ID

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