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165 lines
6.9 KiB
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165 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
[#]: subject: "Wordsmith on the Linux command line with dict"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/23/2/linux-dict-command"
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[#]: author: "David Both https://opensource.com/users/dboth"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
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[#]: publisher: "wxy"
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[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15607-1.html"
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在 Linux 命令行上使用 dict 文字工具
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======
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![][0]
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> Linux 上的 dict 命令对作家来说非常有用，可以为他们的选词提供大量的字典和同义词。
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作为一个作家，我经常需要确定单词的正确拼写或定义。我还需要使用词库来寻找替代词，这些词的内涵可能与我可能使用的词有些不同。因为我经常使用 Linux 命令行和文本模式工具来完成我的大部分工作，所以使用命令行词典是有意义的。
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我非常喜欢使用命令行，原因有很多，其中最主要的原因是它对我来说更有效率。它也比任何一本或多本实体纸质字典，都要全面得多。我使用 Linux 的 `dict` 命令已经很多年了，我已经开始依赖它了。
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### 在 Linux 上安装 dict
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`dict` 程序在 Fedora 上没有默认安装，但它很容易安装。以下是如何在 Fedora 或类似发行版上安装：
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```
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$ sudo dnf install dictd
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```
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在 Debian 和类似发行版上，你还必须安装字典定义：
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```
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$ sudo apt install dictd dict-gcide
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```
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不需要额外的配置。这个非常简单的 `/usr/share/doc/dictd/dict1.conf` 文件指定了字典数据库的远程服务器。这个工具使用字典服务器协议（DICT），端口为 2628。
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### 在 Linux 上使用 dict
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在终端会话中，以非 root 用户的身份，输入 `dict <word>` 来获取一个或多个字典和词库的定义列表。例如，以这种方式查找 `memory` 这个词。
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```
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$ dict memory | less
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6 definitions found
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From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
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Memory \Mem"o*ry\, n.; pl. {Memories}. [OE. memorie, OF.
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memoire, memorie, F. m['e]moire, L. memoria, fr. memor
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mindful; cf. mora delay. Cf. {Demur}, {Martyr}, {Memoir},
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{Remember}.]
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[1913 Webster]
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1. The faculty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge
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of previous thoughts, impressions, or events.
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[1913 Webster]
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Memory is the purveyor of reason. --Rambler.
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[1913 Webster]
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2. The reach and positiveness with which a person can
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remember; the strength and trustworthiness of one's power
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to reach and represent or to recall the past; as, his
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memory was never wrong.
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[1913 Webster]
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<SNIP>
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From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
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memory
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n 1: something that is remembered; "search as he would, the
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memory was lost"
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2: the cognitive processes whereby past experience is
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remembered; "he can do it from memory"; "he enjoyed
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remembering his father" [syn: {memory}, {remembering}]
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3: the power of retaining and recalling past experience; "he had
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<SNIP>
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From Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0 [moby-thesaurus]:
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78 Moby Thesaurus words for "memory":
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RAM, anamnesis, anniversaries, archetypal pattern, archetype,
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awareness, celebrating, celebration, ceremony, cognizance,
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commemoration, consciousness, disk memory, dressing ship,
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<SNIP>
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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (30 December 2018) [foldoc]:
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memory
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<storage> These days, usually used synonymously with {Random
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Access Memory} or {Read-Only Memory}, but in the general sense
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it can be any device that can hold {data} in
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{machine-readable} format.
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(1996-05-25)
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From Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856) [bouvier]:
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MEMORY, TIME OF. According to the English common law, which has been altered
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by 2 & 3 Wm. IV., c. 71, the time of memory commenced from the reign of
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```
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为了节省空间，我删去了这个结果的大部分内容，同时留下了足够的信息，以提供一个典型结果的概念。你也可以用双引号或单引号将多字短语括起来进行查询。
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```
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$ dict "air gapped"
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```
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### 字典
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`dict` 命令使用一些在线字典，包括法律和技术字典。许多语言的字典也是可用的。你可以“列出”可用的字典数据库，如下面所示：
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```
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$ dict -D | less
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Databases available:
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gcide The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
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wn WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006)
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moby-thesaurus Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0
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elements The Elements (07Nov00)
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vera V.E.R.A. -- Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms (February 2016)
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jargon The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003)
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foldoc The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (30 December 2018)
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easton Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary
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hitchcock Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's)
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bouvier Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
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devil The Devil's Dictionary (1881-1906)
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world02 CIA World Factbook 2002
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gaz2k-counties U.S. Gazetteer Counties (2000)
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gaz2k-places U.S. Gazetteer Places (2000)
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gaz2k-zips U.S. Gazetteer Zip Code Tabulation Areas (2000)
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fd-hrv-eng Croatian-English FreeDict Dictionary ver. 0.1.2
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fd-fin-por suomi-português FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2018.09.13
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fd-fin-bul suomi-български език FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2018.09.13
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fd-fra-bul français-български език FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2018.09.13
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fd-deu-swe Deutsch-Svenska FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2018.09.13
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<SNIP>
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```
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你可以用 `-d` 选项指定单个字典：
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```
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$ dict -d gcide
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```
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### 总结
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有时使用词库中的词汇并不是最好的写作方法，因为它可能会混淆你的意思。但我确实发现 `dict` 命令在为特定的意思选择最好的词方面有极大的帮助。它还能确保我使用的单词拼写正确。
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关于 dict 的信息很匮乏。 这个 URL [http://www.dict.org/][1] 只提供了一个基于网络的字典界面。手册页涵盖了语法。但是这个命令是一个有用的、有趣的命令，可以随身携带。我承认在发现 `dict` 命令后，我花了很多时间尝试不同的东西，看看结果会是什么。我就是那个通读百科全书和字典的孩子。是的，我是_那个_孩子。除了在写作或阅读时是一个有用的工具外，`dict` 也可以是一个有趣的工具来满足一下好奇心。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/23/2/linux-dict-command
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作者：[David Both][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/dboth
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: http://www.dict.org/
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[0]: https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202303/08/152653jojqqmv7x7wxzox7.jpg |