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121 lines
4.8 KiB
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121 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
How to find and tar files into a tar ball
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I would like to find all documents file *.doc and create a tarball of those files and store in /nfs/backups/docs/file.tar. Is it possible to find and tar files on a Linux or Unix-like system?
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The find command used to search for files in a directory hierarchy as per given criteria. The tar command is an archiving utility for Linux and Unix-like system to create tarballs.
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[![How to find and tar files on linux unix][1]][1]
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Let us see how to combine tar command with find command to create a tarball in a single command line option.
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## Find command
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The syntax is:
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```
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find /path/to/search -name "file-to-search" -options
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## find all Perl (*.pl) files ##
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find $HOME -name "*.pl" -print
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## find all *.doc files ##
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find $HOME -name "*.doc" -print
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## find all *.sh (shell scripts) and run ls -l command on it ##
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find . -iname "*.sh" -exec ls -l {} +
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```
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Sample outputs from the last command:
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```
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-rw-r--r-- 1 vivek vivek 1169 Apr 4 2017 ./backups/ansible/cluster/nginx.build.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 1500 Dec 6 14:36 ./bin/cloudflare.pure.url.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 13 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/cmspostupload.sh -> postupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 12 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/cmspreupload.sh -> preupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 14 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/cmssuploadimage.sh -> uploadimage.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 13 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/faqpostupload.sh -> postupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 12 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/faqpreupload.sh -> preupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 14 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/faquploadimage.sh -> uploadimage.sh
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-rw-r--r-- 1 vivek vivek 778 Nov 6 14:44 ./bin/mirror.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 136 Apr 25 2015 ./bin/nixcraft.com.301.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 547 Jan 30 2017 ./bin/paypal.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 531 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/postupload.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 437 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/preupload.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 1046 May 18 2017 ./bin/purge.all.cloudflare.domain.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 13 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/tipspostupload.sh -> postupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 12 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/tipspreupload.sh -> preupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 14 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/tipsuploadimage.sh -> uploadimage.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 1193 Oct 18 2013 ./bin/uploadimage.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 29 Nov 6 14:33 ./.vim/plugged/neomake/tests/fixtures/errors.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 215 Nov 6 14:33 ./.vim/plugged/neomake/tests/helpers/trap.sh
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```
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## Tar command
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To [create a tar ball of /home/vivek/projects directory][2], run:
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```
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$ tar -cvf /home/vivek/projects.tar /home/vivek/projects
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```
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## Combining find and tar commands
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The syntax is:
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```
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find /dir/to/search/ -name "*.doc" -exec tar -rvf out.tar {} \;
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```
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OR
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```
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find /dir/to/search/ -name "*.doc" -exec tar -rvf out.tar {} +
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```
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For example:
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```
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find $HOME -name "*.doc" -exec tar -rvf /tmp/all-doc-files.tar "{}" \;
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```
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OR
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```
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find $HOME -name "*.doc" -exec tar -rvf /tmp/all-doc-files.tar "{}" +
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```
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Where, find command options:
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* **-name "*.doc"** : Find file as per given pattern/criteria. In this case find all *.doc files in $HOME.
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* **-exec tar ...** : Execute tar command on all files found by the find command.
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Where, tar command options:
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* **-r** : Append files to the end of an archive. Arguments have the same meaning as for -c option.
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* **-v** : Verbose output.
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* **-f** : out.tar : Append all files to out.tar file.
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It is also possible to pipe output of the find command to the tar command as follows:
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```
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find $HOME -name "*.doc" -print0 | tar -cvf /tmp/file.tar --null -T -
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```
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The -print0 option passed to the find command deals with special file names. The -null and -T - option tells the tar command to read its input from stdin/pipe. It is also possible to use the xargs command:
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```
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find $HOME -type f -name "*.sh" | xargs tar cfvz /nfs/x230/my-shell-scripts.tgz
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```
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See the following man pages for more info:
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```
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$ man tar
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$ man find
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$ man xargs
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$ man bash
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```
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------------------------------
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作者简介：
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The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. He has worked with global clients and in various industries, including IT, education, defense and space research, and the nonprofit sector. Follow him on Twitter, Facebook, Google+.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-find-tar-files-into-tarball-command/
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作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
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[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2017/12/How-to-find-and-tar-files-on-linux-unix.jpg
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[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/creating-a-tar-file-linux-command-line/
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