beef1622d0
sources/talk/20150921 Red Hat CEO Optimistic on OpenStack Revenue Opportunity.md sources/talk/20151020 Linux History--24 Years Step by Step.md sources/tech/20151020 how to h2 in apache.md
9.7 KiB
ictlyh Translating Linux History: 24 Years Step by Step
注：youtube 视频
Pre-history
Linux success would not be possible without C programming language and GNU Project – Environment of Linux.
Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie
Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie was created the Unix Operation System in 1969-1970. Later was released the new C programming language – high-level and portable PL. Linux kernel written in C with some assembly code.
Richard Matthew Stallman
Richard Matthew Stallman started in 1984 the GNU Project. One of biggest goals — free Unix-like operation system and totally
1991 – The Beginning
Linus Torvalds, 1991
Linus Torvalds begin Linux kernel development in Helsinki, Finland – witten programm for hes hardware – Intel 80386 CPU. Hi also use Minix and GNU C compiler. Here is historical message from Linus Torvalds to Minix newsgroup:
From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds) Newsgroups: comp.os.minix Subject: What would you like to see most in minix? Summary: small poll for my new operating system Message-ID: Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT Organization: University of Helsinki
Hello everybody out there using minix -
I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready. I'd like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons) among other things).
I've currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work. This implies that I'll get something practical within a few months, and I'd like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions are welcome, but I won't promise I'll implement them :-)
Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)
After this Linux has supported by worldwide volunteers and professional specialists. Name “Linux” was defined by Linus coworker Ari Lemmke – just named directory of project on University Server.
1992
Version 0.12 of Linux Kernel released under GPLv2.
1993
First release of Slackware – the oldest Linux Distro with the same leader – Patrick Volkerding. Linux kernel have ~100 Developers.
Debian
Debian – one of largest Linux-community also created in 1991.
1994
Linux 1.0 released and first GUI is available – thanks to XFree86 project.
Red Hat Linux
Released Red Hat Linux 1.0
S.u.S.E Linux
and S.u.S.E. Linux 1.0.
1995
Red Hat Inc.
Bob Young and Marc Ewing merged their local business to Red Hat Software. Linux ported to many of hardware platforms.
1996
Tux
Tux Penguin – official mascot of Linux. Idea of Linus Torvalds – after visit to National Zoo & Aquarium in Canberra. Linux 2.0 released and support symmetric multiprocessing. Begin of KDE development.
1997
Miguel de Icaza
Miguel de Icaza and Federico Mena begin development of GNOME – free desktop environment with application. Linus Torvalds win in Linux’s Trademark conflict and Linux becomes the registered trademark of Linus.
1998
The Cathedral and the Bazaar
The Cathedral and the Bazaar essay by Eric S. Raymond is published – highly recommend to read. Linux support from big companies: IBM, Oracle, Compaq.
Mandrake Linux
First release of Mandrake Linux – Red Hat Linux-based distro with K Desktop Environment.
1999
First major KDE release.
2000
Dell support Linux – first big hardware vendor
2001
Revolution OS
Documentary film “Revolution OS” – 20 years of GNU, Linux, Open Source, Free Software history with iterview of best hackers of Linux and Open Source World.
2002
BitKeeper
Linux now use BitKeeper – proprietary software for distributed version control.
2003
SUSE
Novell buy SuSE Linux AG for $210M. Since 2003 also started epic battle SCO Group vs IBM and Linux community for the Unix copyrights.
Fedora
First Release of Fedora Linux from Red Hat and Linux Community.
2004
X.ORG Foundation
The XFree86 team is dropped and join to X.Org Foundation, development of X be faster.
Ubuntu 4.10 – First Release
2005
openSUSE
Beginning of openSUSE – free version of enterprise Novell’s OS. OpenOffice.org started support of OpenDocument standards.
2006
New Linux distribution – Oracle Linux based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Microsoft and Novell begin cooperation in IT and both patents protection.
2007
Dell Linux Laptop
First laptops with preinstalled Linux from Dell.
2008
KDE 4.0
KDE 4 released in non-stable condition and many users migrate to GNOME.
2009
Red Hat
Red Hat’s Linux-based success – $2.62 billion market capitalization.
In 2009 Microsoft sumbitted first patch to Linux kernel under GPLv2 license.
2010
Novell -> Attachmate
Novell was sold to The Attachmate Group, Inc. for $2.2 billion. SUSE and Novell – two independs products in new company.
First release of systemd and begin of Linux system revolution.
2011
Unity Desktop in 2011
Ubuntu Unity released – a lot of criticizm from users.
GNOME 3.0, 2011
GNOME 3.0 release – “unholy mess” by Linus Torvalds and also a lot of negative critics. Linux kernel 3.0 released.
2012
15 million lines of code
Linux kernel have a 15 million lines of code. Microsoft is one of top Linux contributors.
2013
Kali Linux 1.0 released – Debian-based Linux distro for penetration testing and digital forensics. Also in 2014 Centos with code developers joined to Red Hat Inc.
2014
Lennart Poettering and Kay Sievers
systemd – default in Ubuntu and all top Linux distribution. Ubuntu have 22 000 000 users. Big Android progress – 75% of all mobile devices.
2015
Linux kernel 4.0 released. Mandriva was liquidated, but have a lot of forks – Mageia is most popular.
Written from Linux with love.
via: https://tlhp.cf/linux-history/
作者：Pavlo Rudyi 译者：译者ID 校对：校对者ID