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475 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
如何在 CentOS 7 中使用 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM 安装 Nextcloud
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==========================
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Nextcloud 是一款自由 (开源) 的类 Dropbox 软件，由 ownCloud 分支演化形成。它使用 PHP 和 JavaScript 编写，支持多种数据库系统，比如 MySQL/MariaDB、PostgreSQL、Oracle 数据库和 SQLite。它可以使你的桌面系统和云服务器中的文件保持同步，Nextcloud 为 Windows、Linux、Mac、安卓以及苹果手机都提供了客户端支持。Nextcloud 并非只是 Dropbox 的克隆，它还提供了很多附加特性，如日历、联系人、计划任务以及流媒体 Ampache。
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在这篇文章中，我将向你展示如何在 CentOS 7 服务器中安装和配置最新版本的 Nextcloud 10。我会通过 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM 来运行 Nextcloud，同时使用 MariaDB 做为数据库系统。
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**先决条件**
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* 64 位的 CentOS 7
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* 服务器的 Root 权限
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### 步骤 1 - 在 CentOS 7 中安装 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM
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在开始安装 Nginx 和 php7-fpm 之前，我们还学要先添加 EPEL 包的仓库源。使用如下命令：
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```
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yum -y install epel-release
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```
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现在开始从 EPEL 仓库来安装 Nginx：
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```
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yum -y install nginx
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```
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然后我们还需要为 php7-fpm 添加另外一个仓库。互联网中有很个远程仓库提供了 PHP 7 系列包，我在这里使用的是 webtatic。
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添加 PHP7-FPM webtatic 仓库：
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```
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rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
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```
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然后就是安装 PHP7-FPM 以及 Nextcloud 需要的一些包。
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```
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yum -y install php70w-fpm php70w-cli php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt php70w-mysql php70w-pear php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pdo php70w-json php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-pecl-apcu-devel
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```
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最后，从服务器终端里查看 PHP 的版本号，以便验证 PHP 是否正确安装。
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```
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php -v
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```
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[][10]
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### 步骤 2 - 配置 PHP7-FPM
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在这一个步骤中，我们将配置 php-fpm 与 Nginx 协同运行。Php7-fpm 将使用 `nginx` 用户来运行，并监听 `9000` 端口。
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使用 vim 编辑默认的 php7-fpm 配置文件。
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```
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vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
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```
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在第 8 行和第 10行，`user` 和 `group` 赋值为 `nginx`。
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```
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user = nginx
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group = nginx
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```
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在第 22 行，确保 php-fpm 运行在指定端口。
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```
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listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
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```
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取消第 366-370 行的注释，启用 php-fpm 的系统环境变量。
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```
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env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
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env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
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env[TMP] = /tmp
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env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
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env[TEMP] = /tmp
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```
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保存文件并退出 vim 编辑器。
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下一步，就是在 `/var/lib/` 目录下创建一个新的文件夹 `session`，并将其拥有者变更为 `nginx` 用户。
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```
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mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
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chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/
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```
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然后启动 php-fpm 和 Nginx，并且将它们设置为随开机启动的服务。
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```
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sudo systemctl start php-fpm
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sudo systemctl start nginx
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sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
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sudo systemctl enable nginx
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```
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[][11]
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PHP7-FPM 配置完成
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### 步骤 3 - 安装和配置 MariaDB
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我这里使用 MariaDB 作为 Nextcloud 的数据库。可以直接使用 `yum` 命令从 CentOS 默认远程仓库中安装 `mariadb-server` 包。
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```
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yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
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```
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启动 MariaDB，并将其添加到随系统启动的服务中去。
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```
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systemctl start mariadb
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systemctl enable mariadb
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```
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现在开始配置 MariaDB 的 root 用户密码。
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```
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mysql_secure_installation
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```
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键入 `Y` ，然后设置 MariaDB 的 root 密码。
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```
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Set root password? [Y/n] Y
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New password:
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Re-enter new password:
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Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
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Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
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Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
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Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
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```
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这样就设置好了密码，现在登录到 mysql shell 并为 Nextcloud 创建一个新的数据库和用户。这里我创建名为 `nextcloud_db` 的数据库以及名为 `nextclouduser` 的用户，用户密码为 `nextclouduser@`。当然了，要给你自己的系统选用一个更安全的密码。
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```
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mysql -u root -p
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```
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输入 MariaDB 的 root 密码，即可登录 mysql shell。
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输入以下 mysql 查询语句来创建新的数据库和用户。
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```
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create database nextcloud_db;
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create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';
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grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';
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flush privileges;
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```
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[][12]
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`nextcloud_db` 数据库和 `nextclouduser` 数据库用户创建完成
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### 步骤 4 - 为 Nextcloud 生成一个自签名 SSL 证书
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在教程中，我会让客户端以 https 连接来运行 Nextcloud。你可以使用诸如 let's encrypt 等免费 SSL 证书，或者是自己创建自签名 (self signed) SSL 证书。这里我使用 OpenSSL 来创建自己的自签名 SSL 证书。
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为 SSL 文件创建新目录：
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```
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mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/
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```
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如下，使用 `openssl` 生成一个新的 SSL 证书。
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```
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openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key
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```
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最后使用 `chmod` 命令将所有证书文件的权限设置为 `600`。
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```
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chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert
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chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*
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```
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[][13]
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### 步骤 5 - 下载和安装 Nextcloud
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我直接使用 `wget` 命令下载 Nextcloud 到服务器上，因此需要先行安装 `wget`。此外，还需要安装 `unzip` 来进行解压。使用 `yum` 命令来安装这两个程序。
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```
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yum -y install wget unzip
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```
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先进入 `/tmp` 目录，然后使用 `wget` 从官网下载最新的 Nextcloud 10。
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```
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cd /tmp
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wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-10.0.2.zip
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```
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解压 Nextcloud，并将其移动到 `/usr/share/nginx/html/` 目录。
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```
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unzip nextcloud-10.0.2.zip
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mv nextcloud/ /usr/share/nginx/html/
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```
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下一步，转到 Nginx 的 web 根目录为 Nextcloud 创建一个 `data` 文件夹。
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```
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cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
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mkdir -p nextcloud/data/
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```
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变更 `nextcloud` 目录的拥有者为 `nginx` 用户和组。
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```
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chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/
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```
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### 步骤 6 - 在 Nginx 中为 Nextcloud 配置虚拟主机
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在步骤 5 我们已经下载好了 Nextcloud 源码，并配置好了让它运行于 Nginx 服务器中，但我们还需要为它配置一个虚拟主机。在 Nginx 的 `conf.d` 目录下创建一个新的虚拟主机配置文件 `nextcloud.conf`。
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```
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cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
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vim nextcloud.conf
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```
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将以下内容粘贴到虚拟主机配置文件中：
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```
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upstream php-handler {
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server 127.0.0.1:9000;
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#server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
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}
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name cloud.nextcloud.co;
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# enforce https
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return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
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}
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server {
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listen 443 ssl;
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server_name cloud.nextcloud.co;
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ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt;
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ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key;
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# Add headers to serve security related headers
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# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
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# topic first.
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add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
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includeSubDomains; preload;";
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add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
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add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
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add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
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add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
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add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
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add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
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# Path to the root of your installation
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root /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/;
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location = /robots.txt {
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allow all;
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log_not_found off;
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access_log off;
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}
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# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
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# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
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#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
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#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
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# last;
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location = /.well-known/carddav {
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return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
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}
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location = /.well-known/caldav {
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return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
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}
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# set max upload size
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client_max_body_size 512M;
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fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
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# Disable gzip to avoid the removal of the ETag header
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gzip off;
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# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
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# This module is currently not supported.
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#pagespeed off;
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error_page 403 /core/templates/403.php;
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error_page 404 /core/templates/404.php;
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location / {
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rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
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}
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location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
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deny all;
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}
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location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
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deny all;
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}
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location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+|core/templates/40[34])\.php(?:$|/) {
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include fastcgi_params;
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fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
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fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
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fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
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fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
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#Avoid sending the security headers twice
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fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
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fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
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fastcgi_pass php-handler;
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fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
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fastcgi_request_buffering off;
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}
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location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
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try_files $uri/ =404;
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index index.php;
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}
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# Adding the cache control header for js and css files
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# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
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location ~* \.(?:css|js)$ {
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try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
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add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=7200";
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# Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
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# have those duplicated to the ones above)
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# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
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# this topic first.
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add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
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includeSubDomains; preload;";
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add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
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add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
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add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
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add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
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add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
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add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
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# Optional: Don't log access to assets
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access_log off;
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}
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location ~* \.(?:svg|gif|png|html|ttf|woff|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
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try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
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# Optional: Don't log access to other assets
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access_log off;
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}
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}
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```
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保存文件并退出 vim。
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下载测试以下该 Nginx 配置文件是否有错误，没有的话就可以重启服务了。
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```
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nginx -t
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systemctl restart nginx
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```
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[][14]
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### 步骤 7 - 为 Nextcloud 配置 SELinux 和 FirewallD 规则
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本教程中，我们将以强制模式运行 SELinux，因此需要一个 SELinux 管理工具来为 Nextcloud 配置 SELinux。
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使用以下命令安装 SELinux 管理工具。
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```
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yum -y install policycoreutils-python
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```
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然后以 root 用户来运行以下命令，以便让 Nextcloud 运行于 SELinux 环境之下。如果你是用的其他名称的目录，记得将 `nextcloud` 替换掉。
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```
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semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/data(/.*)?'
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semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/config(/.*)?'
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semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/apps(/.*)?'
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semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/assets(/.*)?'
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semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/.htaccess'
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semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/.user.ini'
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restorecon -Rv '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/'
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```
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接下来，我们要启用 firewalld 服务，同时为 Nextcloud 开启 http 和 https 端口。
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启动 firewalld 并设置随系统启动。
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```
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systemctl start firewalld
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systemctl enable firewalld
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```
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现在使用 `firewall-cmd` 命令来开启 http 和 https 端口，然后重新加载防火墙。
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```
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firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
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firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
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firewall-cmd --reload
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```
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[][15]
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至此，服务器配置完成。
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### 步骤 8 - Nextcloud 安装
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打开你的 Web 浏览器，输入你为 Nextcloud 设置的域名，我这里设置为 `cloud.nextcloud.co`，然后会重定向到安全性更好的 https 连接。
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设置你的管理员用户名和密码，然后输入数据验证信息，点击 '**完成安装 (Finish Setup)**'。
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[][16]
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Nextcloud 管理面板大致如下：
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[][17]
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Nextcloud 用户设置：
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[][18]
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管理设置：
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[][19]
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至此，我们在 CentOS 7 服务器上通过使用 Nginx、PHP7-FPM、MariaDB 完成了 Nextcloud 的安装。
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### 参考链接
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- [https://docs.nextcloud.com/](https://docs.nextcloud.com/)
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------------------------------------
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译者简介：
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[GHLandy](http://GHLandy.com) —— 划不完粉腮柳眉泣别离。
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------------------------------------
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via: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/
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作者：[Muhammad Arul][a]
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译者：[GHLandy](https://github.com/GHLandy)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/
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[1]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-install-nginx-and-phpfpm-on-centos-
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[2]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-configure-phpfpm
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[3]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-install-and-configure-mariadb
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[4]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-generate-a-selfsigned-ssl-certificate-for-nextcloud
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[5]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-download-and-install-nextcloud
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[6]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-configure-nextcloud-virtual-host-in-nginx
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[7]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-configure-selinux-and-firewalld-for-nextcloud
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[8]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-nextcloud-installation-wizard
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[9]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#reference
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[10]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/1.png
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[11]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/2.png
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[12]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/3.png
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[13]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/4.png
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[14]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/5.png
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[15]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/6.png
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[16]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/7.png
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[17]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/8.png
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[18]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/9.png
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[19]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/10.png
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