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Starting user software in X
There are currently many ways of starting software when a user session starts.
This is an attempt to collect a list of pointers to piece the big picture together. It's partial and some parts might be imprecise or incorrect, but it's a start, and I'm happy to keep it updated if I receive corrections.
x11-common
man xsession
- Started by the display manager for example,
/usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/01_debian.confor/etc/gdm3/Xsession - Debian specific
- Runs scripts in
/etc/X11/Xsession.d/ /etc/X11/Xsession.d/40x11-common_xsessionrcsources~/.xsessionrcwhich can do little more than set env vars, because it is run at the beginning of X session startup- At the end, it starts the session manager (
gnome-session,xfce4-session, and so on)
systemd --user
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/User
- Started by
pam_systemd, so it might not have a DISPLAY variable set in the environment yet - Manages units in:
/usr/lib/systemd/user/where units provided by installed packages belong.~/.local/share/systemd/user/where units of packages that have been installed in the home directory belong./etc/systemd/user/where system-wide user units are placed by the system administrator.~/.config/systemd/user/where the users put their own units.
- A trick to start a systemd user unit when the X session has been set up and the DISPLAY variable is available, is to call
systemctl startfrom a.desktopautostart file.
dbus activation
- https://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/system-activation.txt
- A user process making a dbus request can trigger starting a server program
- For systems debugging, is there a way of monitoring what services are getting dbus activated?
X session manager
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_session_manager
- Run by
x11-common'sXsession.d - Runs freedesktop autostart .desktop files
- Runs Desktop Environment specific software
xdg autostart
- https://specifications.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html
- Run by the session manager
- If
/etc/xdg/autostart/foo.desktopand~/.config/autostart/foo.desktopexist then only the file~/.config/autostart/foo.desktopwill be used because~/.config/autostart/is more important than/etc/xdg/autostart/ - Is there an ordering or is it all in parallel?
Other startup notes
~/.Xauthority
To connect to an X server, a client needs to send a token from ~/.Xauthority, which proves that they can read the user's provate data.
~/.Xauthority contains a token generated by display manager and communicated to X at startup.
To view its contents, use xauth -i -f ~/.Xauthority list
via: http://www.enricozini.org/blog/2018/debian/starting-user-software/
作者：Enrico Zini 选题：lujun9972 译者：译者ID 校对：校对者ID