TranslateProject/published/201401/How to set password policy on Linux.md
wxy 1ee2fc7cbe renamed: 10 Lesser Known Useful Linux Commands- Part V.md -> 201401/10 Lesser Known Useful Linux Commands- Part V.md
renamed:    10 Useful Chaining Operators in Linux with Practical Examples.md -> 201401/10 Useful Chaining Operators in Linux with Practical Examples.md
	renamed:    10 basic examples of linux netstat command.md -> 201401/10 basic examples of linux netstat command.md
	renamed:    12 Advanced Commands For Linux Server Admins!.md -> 201401/12 Advanced Commands For Linux Server Admins!.md
	renamed:    14 New Linux Distros That Were Introduced In 2013.md -> 201401/14 New Linux Distros That Were Introduced In 2013.md
	renamed:    15 Basic MySQL Interview Questions for Database Administrators.md -> 201401/15 Basic MySQL Interview Questions for Database Administrators.md
	renamed:    "2013\357\274\232The Golden Year for Linux \342\200\223 10 Biggest Linux Achievements.md" -> "201401/2013\357\274\232The Golden Year for Linux \342\200\223 10 Biggest Linux Achievements.md"
	renamed:    2014--The year of the Linux car.md -> 201401/2014--The year of the Linux car.md
	renamed:    5 Things To Love And Hate About Ubuntu 13.10.md -> 201401/5 Things To Love And Hate About Ubuntu 13.10.md
	renamed:    8 Interesting Linux Tips And Tricks!.md -> 201401/8 Interesting Linux Tips And Tricks!.md
	renamed:    CentOS 6.5 desktop installation guide with screenshots.md -> 201401/CentOS 6.5 desktop installation guide with screenshots.md
	renamed:    "Command Line Basics \342\200\223 watch.md" -> "201401/Command Line Basics \342\200\223 watch.md"
	renamed:    Configure Your Browser To Use Tor On Ubuntu or Debian or Linux Mint.md -> 201401/Configure Your Browser To Use Tor On Ubuntu or Debian or Linux Mint.md
	renamed:    Daily Ubuntu Tips - Mount Partitions In Ubuntu From Your Desktop GUI.md -> 201401/Daily Ubuntu Tips - Mount Partitions In Ubuntu From Your Desktop GUI.md
	renamed:    "Daily Ubuntu Tips \342\200\223 Do Nothing When Laptop Lid Is Closed.md" -> "201401/Daily Ubuntu Tips \342\200\223 Do Nothing When Laptop Lid Is Closed.md"
	renamed:    "Daily Ubuntu Tips \342\200\224 Install VMware Workstation In Ubuntu.md" -> "201401/Daily Ubuntu Tips \342\200\224 Install VMware Workstation In Ubuntu.md"
	renamed:    "Daily Ubuntu Tips \342\200\224 Windows Disk Management Equivalent In Ubuntu.md" -> "201401/Daily Ubuntu Tips \342\200\224 Windows Disk Management Equivalent In Ubuntu.md"
	renamed:    "Gnu--toward the post-scarcity world \342\200\223 the Free Software Column.md" -> "201401/Gnu--toward the post-scarcity world \342\200\223 the Free Software Column.md"
	renamed:    How to Dual Boot Ubuntu and Windows Properly.md -> 201401/How to Dual Boot Ubuntu and Windows Properly.md
	renamed:    "How to Install and Configure UFW \342\200\223 An Un-complicated FireWall in Debian or Ubuntu.md" -> "201401/How to Install and Configure UFW \342\200\223 An Un-complicated FireWall in Debian or Ubuntu.md"
	renamed:    How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.10 in Ubuntu 13.10.md -> 201401/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.10 in Ubuntu 13.10.md
	renamed:    How to install and configure Nagios on Linux.md -> 201401/How to install and configure Nagios on Linux.md
	renamed:    How to set password policy on Linux.md -> 201401/How to set password policy on Linux.md
	renamed:    How to stitch photos together on Linux.md -> 201401/How to stitch photos together on Linux.md
	renamed:    How to upgrade MySQL server on Debian or Ubuntu.md -> 201401/How to upgrade MySQL server on Debian or Ubuntu.md
	renamed:    Juju ice-cream icon design.md -> 201401/Juju ice-cream icon design.md
	renamed:    Linus Torvalds Releases Last Linux Kernel 3.13 RC for 2013.md -> 201401/Linus Torvalds Releases Last Linux Kernel 3.13 RC for 2013.md
	renamed:    Linus Torvalds Says All Contributor License Agreements Are Broken.md -> 201401/Linus Torvalds Says All Contributor License Agreements Are Broken.md
	renamed:    Linux free Command - Display Free and used Memory in the System.md -> 201401/Linux free Command - Display Free and used Memory in the System.md
	renamed:    Linux id Command - Print user ID and group ID information.md -> 201401/Linux id Command - Print user ID and group ID information.md
	renamed:    Linux is Everywhere. We show you exactly where.md -> 201401/Linux is Everywhere. We show you exactly where.md
	renamed:    Linux lsusb Command to Print information about USB on System.md -> 201401/Linux lsusb Command to Print information about USB on System.md
	renamed:    Linux vmstat Command - Tool to Report Virtual Memory Statistics.md -> 201401/Linux vmstat Command - Tool to Report Virtual Memory Statistics.md
	renamed:    "Linux who command \342\200\223 Displays who is on the system.md" -> "201401/Linux who command \342\200\223 Displays who is on the system.md"
	renamed:    "Move Dropbox\342\200\231s Folder To An External Drive In Ubuntu.md" -> "201401/Move Dropbox\342\200\231s Folder To An External Drive In Ubuntu.md"
	renamed:    New Ubuntu 14.04 Icons Are Drop-Dead Gorgeous, Might Not Arrive in Desktop Version.md -> 201401/New Ubuntu 14.04 Icons Are Drop-Dead Gorgeous, Might Not Arrive in Desktop Version.md
	renamed:    Our Top 10 Linux Applications of 2013.md -> 201401/Our Top 10 Linux Applications of 2013.md
	renamed:    Setup your personal Cloud server in minutes using ownCloud On RHEL, CentOS, Scientific Linux 6.5.md -> 201401/Setup your personal Cloud server in minutes using ownCloud On RHEL, CentOS, Scientific Linux 6.5.md
	renamed:    Software May Be Eating The World, But Open Source Software Is Eating Itself.md -> 201401/Software May Be Eating The World, But Open Source Software Is Eating Itself.md
	renamed:    The Debian Administrator's Handbook updated for Debian 7 Wheezy published and freely available for download.md -> 201401/The Debian Administrator's Handbook updated for Debian 7 Wheezy published and freely available for download.md
	renamed:    The Fedora Project Will No Longer Name Its Linux Distributions.md -> 201401/The Fedora Project Will No Longer Name Its Linux Distributions.md
	renamed:    The Genius Of Linux Is Community, Not Technology.md -> 201401/The Genius Of Linux Is Community, Not Technology.md
	renamed:    Top 10 Linux Distros For Hackers!.md -> 201401/Top 10 Linux Distros For Hackers!.md
	renamed:    Tunnel SSH Connections Over SSL Using 'Stunnel' On Debian 7  Ubuntu 13.10.md -> 201401/Tunnel SSH Connections Over SSL Using 'Stunnel' On Debian 7  Ubuntu 13.10.md
	renamed:    Ubuntu Stores Your Wi-Fi Passwords By Default!.md -> 201401/Ubuntu Stores Your Wi-Fi Passwords By Default!.md
	renamed:    Ubuntu Will Reach True Convergence Before Microsoft, Says Shuttleworth.md -> 201401/Ubuntu Will Reach True Convergence Before Microsoft, Says Shuttleworth.md
	renamed:    Understanding Linux cd Command with Examples.md -> 201401/Understanding Linux cd Command with Examples.md
	renamed:    look--Linux Command To Verify Spellings And Display Lines Beginning With A String.md -> 201401/look--Linux Command To Verify Spellings And Display Lines Beginning With A String.md
2014-02-03 20:55:51 +08:00

4.9 KiB
Raw Blame History

如何在 Linux 上设置密码策略

用户帐号管理是系统管理员最重要的工作之一。而密码安全是系统安全中最受关注的一块。在本教程中,我将为大家介绍如何在 Linux 上设置密码策略

假设你已经在你的 Linux 系统上使用了 PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules插入式验证模块),因为这些年所有的 Linux 发行版都在使用它。

准备工作

安装 PAM 的 cracklib 模块cracklib 能提供额外的密码检查能力。

Debian、Ubuntu 或 Linux Mint 系统上:

$ sudo apt-get install libpam-cracklib 

CentOS、Fedora、RHEL 系统已经默认安装了 cracklib PAM 模块,所以在这些系统上无需执行上面的操作。

为了强制实施密码策略,我们需要修改 /etc/pam.d 目录下的 PAM 配置文件。一旦修改,策略会马上生效。

注意:此教程中的密码策略只对非 root 用户有效,对 root 用户无效。

禁止使用旧密码

找到同时有 “password” 和 “pam_unix.so” 字段并且附加有 “remember=5” 的那行它表示禁止使用最近用过的5个密码己使用过的密码会被保存在 /etc/security/opasswd 下面)。

Debian、Ubuntu 或 Linux Mint 系统上:

$ sudo vi /etc/pam.d/common-password 

password [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so obscure sha512 remember=5

CentOS、Fedora、RHEL 系统上:

$ sudo vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth 

password sufficient pam_unix.so sha512 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok remember=5

设置最短密码长度

找到同时有 “password” 和 “pam_cracklib.so” 字段并且附加有 “minlen=10” 的那行它表示最小密码长度为10 - 类型数量)。这里的 “类型数量” 表示不同的字符类型数量。PAM 提供4种类型符号作为密码大写字母、小写字母、数字和标点符号。如果你的密码同时用上了这4种类型的符号并且你的 minlen 设为10那么最短的密码长度允许是6个字符。

Debian、Ubuntu 或 Linux Mint 系统上:

$ sudo vi /etc/pam.d/common-password 

password requisite pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=10 difok=3

CentOS、Fedora、RHEL 系统上:

$ sudo vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth 

password requisite pam_cracklib.so retry=3 difok=3 minlen=10

设置密码复杂度

找到同时有 “password” 和 “pam_cracklib.so” 字段并且附加有 “ucredit=-1 lcredit=-2 dcredit=-1 ocredit=-1” 的那行它表示密码必须至少包含一个大写字母ucredit两个小写字母lcredit一个数字dcredit和一个标点符号ocredit

Debian、Ubuntu 或 Linux Mint 系统上:

$ sudo vi /etc/pam.d/common-password 

password requisite pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=10 difok=3 ucredit=-1 lcredit=-2 dcredit=-1 ocredit=-1

CentOS、Fedora、RHEL 系统上:

$ sudo vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth 

password requisite pam_cracklib.so retry=3 difok=3 minlen=10 ucredit=-1 lcredit=-2 dcredit=-1 ocredit=-1

设置密码过期期限

编辑 /etc/login.defs 文件,可以设置当前密码的有效期限,具体变量如下所示:

$ sudo vi /etc/login.defs 

PASS_MAX_DAYS 150 PASS_MIN_DAYS 0 PASS_WARN_AGE 7

这些设置要求用户每6个月改变他们的密码并且会提前7天提醒用户密码快到期了。

如果你想为每个用户设置不同的密码期限,使用 chage 命令。下面的命令可以查看某个用户的密码限期:

$ sudo chage -l xmodulo 

Last password change : Dec 30, 2013 Password expires : never Password inactive : never Account expires : never Minimum number of days between password change : 0 Maximum number of days between password change : 99999 Number of days of warning before password expires : 7

默认情况下,用户的密码永不过期。

下面的命令用于修改 xmodulo 用户的密码期限:

$ sudo chage -E 6/30/2014 -m 5 -M 90 -I 30 -W 14 xmodulo 

上面的命令将密码期限设为2014年6月3日。另外修改密码的最短周期为5天最长周期为90天。密码过期前14天会发送消息提醒用户过期后帐号会被锁住30天。


via: http://xmodulo.com/2013/12/set-password-policy-linux.html

译者:bazz2 校对:Caroline

本文由 LCTT 原创翻译,Linux中国 荣誉推出