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How to Configure MariaDB Replication on CentOS Linux
Its a process of creating duplicate versions of a the DB. Replication process is not only copies a database, but also synchronizes changes from master to one of the slaves. But this is does not means that slave databases are identical copy of the master, because replication can be configured that only a schema of tables or columns or rows will be replicated, i.e. a partial replication. The replication ensures that those specific configured objects are kept in sync between the different databases.
Mariadb Replication Concepts
Backups : Replication can be used for DB backups. For example, you have master -> slave replication. If master is lost (hdd fails, for example) you can restore your db from master.
Scaling : You can use master -> slave replication for scaling solution. For example, if you have a few big and have SQL query, using replcation you can separate this queries for each replcations nodes. Write SQL should be performed only on master, for read-only queries slave server can be used.
Spreading solution : You can use replication for distribution. For example, you can distribute different sales data to different databases.
Failover solution : For example you have, master -> slave(1) -> slave(2) -> slave(3) replication. You can write script for master monitoring , if master fails, script can quickly change slave(1) new for master master -> slave(1) -> slave(2) and your application will continue working whit out downtime
Simple diagrammatic demonstration of replication
Before you start good know what is binary log and Ibdata1. The binary log contains a record about all changes in the db, data and structure, as well as how long each statement took to execute. Bin log consists set log files and an index. Its means that main SQL statements such as CREATE, ALTER, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE will be putted to this log, statements, such as SELECT will not be logged. These info can be logged to general query.log file. In simple Ibdata1 is a file which contains all tables and all info about db.
Master server configuration
Good to have server updated
sudo yum install update -y && sudo yum install upgrade -y
We are working on centos 7 server
sudo cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
Install MariaDB
sudo yum install mariadb-server -y
Start MariaDB and enable it to start on boot of the server
sudo systemctl start mariadb.service
sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service
Output:
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service'
Check MariaDB status
sudo service mariadb status
or use
sudo systemctl is-active mariadb.service
Output:
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mariadb.service
mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled)
Set MariaDB password
mysql -u root
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("SOME_ROOT_PASSWORD") where User='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit
SOME_ROOT_PASSWORD - your root password. I my case I'ill use "q" - password, then try to login:
sudo mysql -u root -pSOME_ROOT_PASSWORD
Output:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
Lets create database with table with some data
Create database/schema
sudo mysql -u root -pSOME_ROOT_PASSWORD
mysql> create database test_repl;
Where:
test_repl - Name of shcema which will be replicated
Output:
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Create Persons table
mysql> use test_repl;
CREATE TABLE Persons (
PersonID int,
LastName varchar(255),
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
);
Output:
mysql> MariaDB [test_repl]> CREATE TABLE Persons (
-> PersonID int,
-> LastName varchar(255),
-> FirstName varchar(255),
-> Address varchar(255),
-> City varchar(255)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Insert some data
mysql> INSERT INTO Persons VALUES (1, "LastName1", "FirstName1", "Address1", "City1");
mysql> INSERT INTO Persons VALUES (2, "LastName2", "FirstName2", "Address2", "City2");
mysql> INSERT INTO Persons VALUES (3, "LastName3", "FirstName3", "Address3", "City3");
mysql> INSERT INTO Persons VALUES (4, "LastName4", "FirstName4", "Address4", "City4");
mysql> INSERT INTO Persons VALUES (5, "LastName5", "FirstName5", "Address5", "City5");
Output:
Query OK, 5 row affected (0.00 sec)
Check data
mysql> select * from Persons;
Output:
+----------+-----------+------------+----------+-------+
| PersonID | LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
+----------+-----------+------------+----------+-------+
| 1 | LastName1 | FirstName1 | Address1 | City1 |
| 1 | LastName1 | FirstName1 | Address1 | City1 |
| 2 | LastName2 | FirstName2 | Address2 | City2 |
| 3 | LastName3 | FirstName3 | Address3 | City3 |
| 4 | LastName4 | FirstName4 | Address4 | City4 |
| 5 | LastName5 | FirstName5 | Address5 | City5 |
+----------+-----------+------------+----------+-------+
Configure MariaDB for replication
You'll need to edit the my.cnf file on the Master server to enable binary logging and set the server's id. I will use vi text editor, but use can use any suitable for your such as nano, joe etc.
sudo vi /etc/my.cnf
and put to config in [mysqld] section such lines.
log-basename=master
log-bin
binlog-format=row
server_id=1
Output:
Then restart MariaDB:
sudo service mariadb restart
Login to MariaDB and check binary logs:
sudo mysql -u root -pq test_repl
mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
Output:
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mariadb-bin.000002 | 3913 | | |
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
Remember : "File" and "Position" values. YOU WILL NEED THIS VALUE AT SLAVE SERVER
Create user for replication
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO replication_user IDENTIFIED BY 'bigs3cret' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> flush privileges;
Output:
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Check user in db
mysql> select * from mysql.user WHERE user="replication_user"\G;
Output:
mysql> select * from mysql.user WHERE user="replication_user"\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: %
User: replication_user
Password: *2AF30E7AEE9BF3AF584FB19653881D2D072FA49C
Select_priv: N
.....
Create DB dump (snapshot of all data which will be replicated) form master
mysqldump -uroot -pSOME_ROOT_PASSWORD test_repl > full-dump.sql
Where:
SOME_ROOT_PASSWORD - password for root user that you have setup
test_repl - name of the data base which will be replicated;
You need to recover mysql dump (full-dump.sql) at slave server. Its needed for replication.
Slave server configuration
All this commands you need to perform at slave server
Lets assume that we have fresh/updated CentOS 7.x server with latest mariaDB server and you can login as root to maria DB server (this was descripbed in first part of the article)
Login to Maria DB console and create DB
mysql -u root -pSOME_ROOT_PASSWORD;
mysql> create database test_repl;
mysql> exit;
Recover data from master at slave server
mysql -u root -pSOME_ROOT_PASSWORD test_repl < full-dump.sql
Where:
full-dump.sql - its DB Dump that you have create at test server.
Login to Maria DB and setup replication
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='82.196.5.39',
MASTER_USER='replication_user',
MASTER_PASSWORD='bigs3cret',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000002',
MASTER_LOG_POS=3913,
MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10;
Where:
MASTER_HOST - IP of the master server.
MASTER_USER - replication user at master server
MASTER_PASSWORD - replication user password
MASTER_PORT - mysql port at master
MASTER_LOG_FILE - bin-log file name form master
MASTER_LOG_POS - bin-log position file at master
Start slave mode
mysql> slave start;
Output:
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Check slave status
mysql> show slave status\G;
Output:
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 82.196.5.39
Master_User: replication_user
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 10
Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4175
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 793
Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 4175
Relay_Log_Space: 1089
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
At this step all shoul be ok, and not erros should be here.
Test the replication
At MAIN/MASTER server add some entities to DB
mysql -u root -pSOME_ROOT_PASSWORD test_repl
mysql> INSERT INTO Persons VALUES (6, "LastName6", "FirstName6", "Address6", "City6");
mysql> INSERT INTO Persons VALUES (7, "LastName7", "FirstName7", "Address7", "City7");
mysql> INSERT INTO Persons VALUES (8, "LastName8", "FirstName8", "Address8", "City8");
Then go to the SLAVE server and check replicated data
mysql -u root -pSOME_ROOT_PASSWORD test_repl
mysql> select * from Persons;
+----------+-----------+------------+----------+-------+
| PersonID | LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
+----------+-----------+------------+----------+-------+
...................
| 6 | LastName6 | FirstName6 | Address6 | City6 |
| 7 | LastName7 | FirstName7 | Address7 | City7 |
| 8 | LastName8 | FirstName8 | Address8 | City8 |
+----------+-----------+------------+----------+-------+
You can see the data is replicated to slave server. Its mean that replication is working. Hope you enjoyed the article. Let us know if you have any questions.
via: http://linoxide.com/how-tos/configure-mariadb-replication-centos-linux/
作者：Bobbin Zachariah 译者：译者ID 校对：校对者ID