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228 lines
6.9 KiB
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228 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (arrowfeng)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How To Install And Configure Chrony As NTP Client?)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/configure-ntp-client-using-chrony-in-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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如何正确安装和配置Chrony作为NTP客户端？
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======
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NTP服务器和NTP客户端运行我们通过网络来同步时钟。
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在过去，我们已经撰写了一篇关于 **[NTP服务器和NTP客户端的安装与配置][1]** 的文章。
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如果你想看这些内容，点击上述的URL访问。
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### 什么是Chrony客户端?
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Chrony是NTP客户端的替代品。
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它能以更精确的时间和更快的速度同步时钟，并且它对于那些不是全天候在线的系统非常有用。
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chronyd更小、更省电，它占用更少的内存且仅当需要时它才唤醒CPU。
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即使网络拥塞较长时间，它也能很好地运行。
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它支持Linux上的硬件时间戳，允许在本地网络进行极其准确的同步。
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它提供下列两个服务。
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* **`chronyc:`** Chrony的命令行接口。
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* **`chronyd:`** Chrony守护进程服务。
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### 如何在Linux上安装和配置Chrony？
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由于安装包在大多数发行版的官方仓库中可用，因此直接使用包管理器去安装它。
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对于 **`Fedora`** 系统, 使用 **[DNF 命令][2]** 去安装chrony.
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```
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$ sudo dnf install chrony
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```
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对于 **`Debian/Ubuntu`** 系统, 使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或者 **[APT 命令][4]** 去安装chrony.
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```
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$ sudo apt install chrony
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```
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对基于 **`Arch Linux`** 的系统, 使用 **[Pacman 命令][5]** 去安装chrony.
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```
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$ sudo pacman -S chrony
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```
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对于 **`RHEL/CentOS`** 系统, 使用 **[YUM 命令][6]** 去安装chrony.
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```
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$ sudo yum install chrony
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```
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对于**`openSUSE Leap`** 系统, 使用 **[Zypper 命令][7]** 去安装chrony.
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```
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$ sudo zypper install chrony
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```
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在这篇文章中，我们将使用下列设置去测试。
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* **`NTP服务器:`** 主机名: CentOS7.2daygeek.com, IP:192.168.1.5, OS:CentOS 7
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* **`Chrony客户端:`** 主机名: Ubuntu18.2daygeek.com, IP:192.168.1.3, OS:Ubuntu 18.04
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导航到 **[在Linux上安装和配置NTP服务器][1]** 的URL。
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我已经在`CentOS7.2daygeek.com`这台主机上安装和配置了NTP服务器，因此，将其附加到所有的客户端机器上。此外，还包括其他所需信息。
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`chrony.conf`文件的位置根据你的发行版不同而不同。
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对基于RHEL的系统，它位于`/etc/chrony.conf`。
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对基于Debian的系统，它位于`/etc/chrony/chrony.conf`。
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```
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# vi /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
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server CentOS7.2daygeek.com prefer iburst
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keyfile /etc/chrony/chrony.keys
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driftfile /var/lib/chrony/chrony.drift
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logdir /var/log/chrony
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maxupdateskew 100.0
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makestep 1 3
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cmdallow 192.168.1.0/24
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```
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更新配置后需要重启Chrony服务。
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对于sysvinit系统。基于RHEL的系统需要去运行`chronyd`而不是chrony。
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```
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# service chronyd restart
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# chkconfig chronyd on
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```
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对于systemctl系统。 基于RHEL的系统需要去运行`chronyd`而不是chrony。
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```
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# systemctl restart chronyd
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# systemctl enable chronyd
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```
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使用像tacking，sources和sourcestats这样的命令去检查chrony的同步细节。
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去检查chrony的跟踪状态。
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```
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# chronyc tracking
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Reference ID : C0A80105 (CentOS7.2daygeek.com)
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Stratum : 3
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Ref time (UTC) : Thu Mar 28 05:57:27 2019
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System time : 0.000002545 seconds slow of NTP time
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Last offset : +0.001194361 seconds
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RMS offset : 0.001194361 seconds
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Frequency : 1.650 ppm fast
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Residual freq : +184.101 ppm
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Skew : 2.962 ppm
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Root delay : 0.107966967 seconds
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Root dispersion : 1.060455322 seconds
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Update interval : 2.0 seconds
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Leap status : Normal
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```
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运行sources命令去显示当前时间源的信息。
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```
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# chronyc sources
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210 Number of sources = 1
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MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
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===============================================================================
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^* CentOS7.2daygeek.com 2 6 17 62 +36us[+1230us] +/- 1111ms
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```
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sourcestats命令显示有关chronyd当前正在检查的每个源的漂移率和偏移估计过程的信息。
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```
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# chronyc sourcestats
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210 Number of sources = 1
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Name/IP Address NP NR Span Frequency Freq Skew Offset Std Dev
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==============================================================================
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CentOS7.2daygeek.com 5 3 71 -97.314 78.754 -469us 441us
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```
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当chronyd配置为NTP客户端或对等端时，你就能通过chronyc ntpdata命令向每一个NTP源发送和接收时间戳模式和交错模式报告。
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```
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# chronyc ntpdata
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Remote address : 192.168.1.5 (C0A80105)
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Remote port : 123
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Local address : 192.168.1.3 (C0A80103)
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Leap status : Normal
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Version : 4
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Mode : Server
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Stratum : 2
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Poll interval : 6 (64 seconds)
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Precision : -23 (0.000000119 seconds)
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Root delay : 0.108994 seconds
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Root dispersion : 0.076523 seconds
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Reference ID : 85F3EEF4 ()
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Reference time : Thu Mar 28 06:43:35 2019
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Offset : +0.000160221 seconds
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Peer delay : 0.000664478 seconds
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Peer dispersion : 0.000000178 seconds
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Response time : 0.000243252 seconds
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Jitter asymmetry: +0.00
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NTP tests : 111 111 1111
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Interleaved : No
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Authenticated : No
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TX timestamping : Kernel
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RX timestamping : Kernel
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Total TX : 46
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Total RX : 46
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Total valid RX : 46
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```
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最后运行`date`命令。
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```
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# date
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Thu Mar 28 03:08:11 CDT 2019
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```
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为了立即切换系统时钟，通过转换绕过任何正在进行的调整，请以root身份发出以下命令（手动调整系统时钟）。
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To step the system clock immediately, bypassing any adjustments in progress by slewing, issue the following command as root (To adjust the system clock manually).
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```
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# chronyc makestep
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/configure-ntp-client-using-chrony-in-linux/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[arrowfeng](https://github.com/arrowfeng)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/install-configure-ntp-server-ntp-client-in-linux/
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[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-system/
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[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
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[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
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[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/pacman-command-examples-manage-packages-arch-linux-system/
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[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/
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[7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/zypper-command-examples-manage-packages-opensuse-system/
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