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206 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
206 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11490-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (Bash Script to Delete Files/Folders Older Than “X” Days in Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/bash-script-to-delete-files-folders-older-than-x-days-in-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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在 Linux 中使用 Bash 脚本删除早于 “X” 天的文件/文件夹
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======
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[磁盘使用率][1] 监控工具能够在达到给定阈值时提醒我们。但它们无法自行解决 [磁盘使用率][2] 问题。需要手动干预才能解决该问题。
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如果你想完全自动化此类操作，你会做什么。是的，可以使用 bash 脚本来完成。
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该脚本可防止来自 [监控工具][3] 的警报，因为我们会在填满磁盘空间之前删除旧的日志文件。
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我们过去做了很多 shell 脚本。如果要查看，请进入下面的链接。
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* [如何使用 shell 脚本自动化日常活动？][4]
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我在本文中添加了两个 bash 脚本，它们有助于清除旧日志。
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### 1）在 Linux 中删除早于 “X” 天的文件夹的 Bash 脚本
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我们有一个名为 `/var/log/app/` 的文件夹，其中包含 15 天的日志，我们将删除早于 10 天的文件夹。
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```
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$ ls -lh /var/log/app/
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 1 23:52 app_log.01
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 2 23:52 app_log.02
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 3 23:52 app_log.03
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 4 23:52 app_log.04
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 5 23:52 app_log.05
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 6 23:54 app_log.06
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 7 23:53 app_log.07
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 8 23:51 app_log.08
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 9 23:52 app_log.09
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 10 23:52 app_log.10
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 11 23:52 app_log.11
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 12 23:52 app_log.12
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 13 23:52 app_log.13
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 14 23:52 app_log.14
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drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 15 23:52 app_log.15
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```
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该脚本将删除早于 10 天的文件夹，并通过邮件发送文件夹列表。
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你可以根据需要修改 `-mtime X` 的值。另外，请替换你的电子邮箱，而不是用我们的。
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```
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# /opt/script/delete-old-folders.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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prev_count=0
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fpath=/var/log/app/app_log.*
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find $fpath -type d -mtime +10 -exec ls -ltrh {} \; > /tmp/folder.out
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find $fpath -type d -mtime +10 -exec rm -rf {} \;
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count=$(cat /tmp/folder.out | wc -l)
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if [ "$prev_count" -lt "$count" ] ; then
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MESSAGE="/tmp/file1.out"
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TO="[email protected]"
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echo "Application log folders are deleted older than 15 days" >> $MESSAGE
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echo "+----------------------------------------------------+" >> $MESSAGE
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echo "" >> $MESSAGE
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cat /tmp/folder.out | awk '{print $6,$7,$9}' >> $MESSAGE
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echo "" >> $MESSAGE
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SUBJECT="WARNING: Apache log files are deleted older than 15 days $(date)"
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mail -s "$SUBJECT" "$TO" < $MESSAGE
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rm $MESSAGE /tmp/folder.out
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fi
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```
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给 `delete-old-folders.sh` 设置可执行权限。
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```
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# chmod +x /opt/script/delete-old-folders.sh
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```
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最后添加一个 [cronjob][5] 自动化此任务。它于每天早上 7 点运行。
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```
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# crontab -e
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0 7 * * * /bin/bash /opt/script/delete-old-folders.sh
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```
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你将看到类似下面的输出。
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```
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Application log folders are deleted older than 20 days
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+--------------------------------------------------------+
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Oct 11 /var/log/app/app_log.11
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Oct 12 /var/log/app/app_log.12
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Oct 13 /var/log/app/app_log.13
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Oct 14 /var/log/app/app_log.14
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Oct 15 /var/log/app/app_log.15
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```
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### 2）在 Linux 中删除早于 “X” 天的文件的 Bash 脚本
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我们有一个名为 `/var/log/apache/` 的文件夹，其中包含15天的日志，我们将删除 10 天前的文件。
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以下文章与该主题相关，因此你可能有兴趣阅读。
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* [如何在 Linux 中查找和删除早于 “X” 天和 “X” 小时的文件？][6]
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* [如何在 Linux 中查找最近修改的文件/文件夹][7]
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* [如何在 Linux 中自动删除或清理 /tmp 文件夹内容？][8]
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```
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# ls -lh /var/log/apache/
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 1 23:52 2daygeek_access.01
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 2 23:52 2daygeek_access.02
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 3 23:52 2daygeek_access.03
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 4 23:52 2daygeek_access.04
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 5 23:52 2daygeek_access.05
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 6 23:54 2daygeek_access.06
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 7 23:53 2daygeek_access.07
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 8 23:51 2daygeek_access.08
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 9 23:52 2daygeek_access.09
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 10 23:52 2daygeek_access.10
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 11 23:52 2daygeek_access.11
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 12 23:52 2daygeek_access.12
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 13 23:52 2daygeek_access.13
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 14 23:52 2daygeek_access.14
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-rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 15 23:52 2daygeek_access.15
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```
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该脚本将删除 10 天前的文件并通过邮件发送文件夹列表。
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你可以根据需要修改 `-mtime X` 的值。另外，请替换你的电子邮箱，而不是用我们的。
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```
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# /opt/script/delete-old-files.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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prev_count=0
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fpath=/var/log/apache/2daygeek_access.*
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find $fpath -type f -mtime +15 -exec ls -ltrd {} \; > /tmp/file.out
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find $fpath -type f -mtime +15 -exec rm -rf {} \;
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count=$(cat /tmp/file.out | wc -l)
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if [ "$prev_count" -lt "$count" ] ; then
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MESSAGE="/tmp/file1.out"
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TO="[email protected]"
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echo "Apache Access log files are deleted older than 20 days" >> $MESSAGE
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echo "+--------------------------------------------- +" >> $MESSAGE
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echo "" >> $MESSAGE
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cat /tmp/file.out | awk '{print $6,$7,$9}' >> $MESSAGE
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echo "" >> $MESSAGE
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SUBJECT="WARNING: Apache log folders are deleted older than 15 days $(date)"
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mail -s "$SUBJECT" "$TO" < $MESSAGE
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rm $MESSAGE /tmp/file.out
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fi
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```
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给 `delete-old-files.sh` 设置可执行权限。
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```
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# chmod +x /opt/script/delete-old-files.sh
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```
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最后添加一个 [cronjob][5] 自动化此任务。它于每天早上 7 点运行。
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```
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# crontab -e
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0 7 * * * /bin/bash /opt/script/delete-old-folders.sh
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```
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你将看到类似下面的输出。
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```
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Apache Access log files are deleted older than 20 days
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+--------------------------------------------------------+
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Oct 11 /var/log/apache/2daygeek_access.11
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Oct 12 /var/log/apache/2daygeek_access.12
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Oct 13 /var/log/apache/2daygeek_access.13
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Oct 14 /var/log/apache/2daygeek_access.14
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Oct 15 /var/log/apache/2daygeek_access.15
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/bash-script-to-delete-files-folders-older-than-x-days-in-linux/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-check-disk-usage-files-and-directories-folders-size-du-command/
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[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-check-disk-space-usage-df-command/
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[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/monitoring-tools/
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[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/shell-script/
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[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/crontab-cronjob-to-schedule-jobs-in-linux/
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[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-find-and-delete-files-older-than-x-days-and-x-hours-in-linux/
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[7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-find-recently-modified-files-folders-linux/
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[8]: https://www.2daygeek.com/automatically-delete-clean-up-tmp-directory-folder-contents-in-linux/
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