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282 lines
8.5 KiB
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282 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
How to create LaTeX documents with Emacs
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======
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In his excellent article, [An introduction to creating documents in LaTeX][1], author [Aaron Cocker][2] introduces the [LaTeX typesetting system][3] and explains how to create a LaTeX document using [TeXstudio][4]. He also lists a few LaTeX editors that many users find helpful in creating LaTeX documents.
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This comment on the article by [Greg Pittman][5] caught my attention: "LaTeX seems like an awful lot of typing when you first start...". This is true. LaTeX involves a lot of typing and debugging, if you missed a special character like an exclamation mark, which can discourage many users, especially beginners. In this article, I will introduce you to [GNU Emacs][6] and describe how to use it to create LaTeX documents.
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### Creating your first document
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Launch Emacs by typing:
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```
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emacs -q --no-splash helloworld.org
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```
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The `-q` flag ensures that no Emacs initializations will load. The `--no-splash-screen` flag prevents splash screens to ensure that only one window is open, with the file `helloworld.org`.
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![Emacs startup screen][8]
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GNU Emacs with the helloworld.org file opened in a buffer window
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Let's add some LaTeX headers the Emacs way: Go to **Org** in the menu bar and select **Export/Publish**.
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![template_flow.png][10]
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Inserting a default template
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In the next window, Emacs offers options to either export or insert a template. Insert the template by entering **#** ([#] Insert template). This will move a cursor to a mini-buffer, where the prompt reads **Options category:**. At this time you may not know the category names; press Tab to see possible completions. Type "default" and press Enter. The following content will be inserted:
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```
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#+TITLE: helloworld
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#+DATE: <2018-03-12 Mon>
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#+AUTHOR:
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#+EMAIL: makerpm@nubia
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#+OPTIONS: ':nil *:t -:t ::t <:t H:3 \n:nil ^:t arch:headline
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#+OPTIONS: author:t c:nil creator:comment d:(not "LOGBOOK") date:t
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#+OPTIONS: e:t email:nil f:t inline:t num:t p:nil pri:nil stat:t
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#+OPTIONS: tags:t tasks:t tex:t timestamp:t toc:t todo:t |:t
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#+CREATOR: Emacs 25.3.1 (Org mode 8.2.10)
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#+DESCRIPTION:
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#+EXCLUDE_TAGS: noexport
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#+KEYWORDS:
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#+LANGUAGE: en
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#+SELECT_TAGS: export
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```
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Change the title, date, author, and email as you wish. Mine looks like this:
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```
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#+TITLE: Hello World! My first LaTeX document
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#+DATE: \today
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#+AUTHOR: Sachin Patil
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#+EMAIL: psachin@redhat.com
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```
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We don't want to create a Table of Contents yet, so change the value of `toc` from `t` to `nil` inline, as shown below:
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```
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#+OPTIONS: tags:t tasks:t tex:t timestamp:t toc:nil todo:t |:t
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```
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Let's add a section and paragraphs. A section starts with an asterisk (*). We'll copy the content of some paragraphs from Aaron's post (from the [Lipsum Lorem Ipsum generator][11]):
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```
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* Introduction
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\paragraph{}
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras lorem
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nisi, tincidunt tempus sem nec, elementum feugiat ipsum. Nulla in
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diam libero. Nunc tristique ex a nibh egestas sollicitudin.
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\paragraph{}
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Mauris efficitur vitae ex id egestas. Vestibulum ligula felis,
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pulvinar a posuere id, luctus vitae leo. Sed ac imperdiet orci, non
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elementum leo. Nullam molestie congue placerat. Phasellus tempor et
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libero maximus commodo.
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```
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![helloworld_file.png][13]
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The helloworld.org file
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With the content in place, we'll export the content as a PDF. Select **Export/Publish** from the **Org** menu again, but this time, type **l** (export to LaTeX), followed by **o** (as PDF file and open). This not only opens PDF file for you to view, but also saves the file as `helloworld.pdf` in the same path as `helloworld.org`.
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![org_to_pdf.png][15]
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Exporting helloworld.org to helloworld.pdf
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![org_and_pdf_file.png][17]
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Opening the helloworld.pdf file
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You can also export org to PDF by pressing `Alt + x`, then typing "org-latex-export-to-pdf". Use Tab to auto-complete.
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Emacs also creates the `helloworld.tex` file to give you control over the content.
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![org_tex_pdf.png][19]
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Emacs with LaTeX, org, and PDF files open in three different windows
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You can compile the `.tex` file to `.pdf` using the command:
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```
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pdflatex helloworld.tex
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```
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You can also export the `.org` file to HTML or as a simple text file. What I like about .org files is they can be pushed to [GitHub][20], where they are rendered just like any other markdown formats.
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### Creating a LaTeX Beamer presentation
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Let's go a step further and create a LaTeX [Beamer][21] presentation using the same file with some modifications as shown below:
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```
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#+TITLE: LaTeX Beamer presentation
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#+DATE: \today
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#+AUTHOR: Sachin Patil
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#+EMAIL: psachin@redhat.com
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#+OPTIONS: ':nil *:t -:t ::t <:t H:3 \n:nil ^:t arch:headline
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#+OPTIONS: author:t c:nil creator:comment d:(not "LOGBOOK") date:t
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#+OPTIONS: e:t email:nil f:t inline:t num:t p:nil pri:nil stat:t
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#+OPTIONS: tags:t tasks:t tex:t timestamp:t toc:nil todo:t |:t
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#+CREATOR: Emacs 25.3.1 (Org mode 8.2.10)
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#+DESCRIPTION:
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#+EXCLUDE_TAGS: noexport
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#+KEYWORDS:
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#+LANGUAGE: en
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#+SELECT_TAGS: export
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#+LATEX_CLASS: beamer
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#+BEAMER_THEME: Frankfurt
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#+BEAMER_INNER_THEME: rounded
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* Introduction
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*** Programming
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- Python
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- Ruby
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*** Paragraph one
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
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elit. Cras lorem nisi, tincidunt tempus sem nec, elementum feugiat
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ipsum. Nulla in diam libero. Nunc tristique ex a nibh egestas
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sollicitudin.
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*** Paragraph two
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Mauris efficitur vitae ex id egestas. Vestibulum
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ligula felis, pulvinar a posuere id, luctus vitae leo. Sed ac
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imperdiet orci, non elementum leo. Nullam molestie congue
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placerat. Phasellus tempor et libero maximus commodo.
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* Thanks
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*** Links
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- Link one
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- Link two
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```
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We have added three more lines to the header:
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```
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#+LATEX_CLASS: beamer
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#+BEAMER_THEME: Frankfurt
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#+BEAMER_INNER_THEME: rounded
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```
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To export to PDF, press `Alt + x` and type "org-beamer-export-to-pdf".
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![latex_beamer_presentation.png][23]
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The Latex Beamer presentation, created using Emacs and Org mode
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I hope you enjoyed creating this LaTeX and Beamer document using Emacs (note that it's faster to use keyboard shortcuts than a mouse). Emacs Org-mode offers much more than I can cover in this post; you can learn more at [orgmode.org][24].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/18/4/how-create-latex-documents-emacs
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作者：[Sachin Patil][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://opensource.com/users/psachin
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[1]:https://opensource.com/article/17/6/introduction-latex
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[2]:https://opensource.com/users/aaroncocker
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[3]:https://www.latex-project.org
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[4]:http://www.texstudio.org/
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[5]:https://opensource.com/users/greg-p
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[6]:https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/
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[7]:/file/392261
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[8]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/emacs_startup.png?itok=UnT4PgK5 (Emacs startup screen)
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[9]:/file/392266
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[10]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/insert_template_flow.png?itok=V_c2KipO (template_flow.png)
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[11]:https://www.lipsum.com/feed/html
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[12]:/file/392271
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[13]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/helloworld_file.png?itok=o8IX0TsJ (helloworld_file.png)
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[14]:/file/392276
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[15]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/org_to_pdf.png?itok=fNnC1Y-L (org_to_pdf.png)
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[16]:/file/392281
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[17]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/org_and_pdf_file.png?itok=HEhtw-cu (org_and_pdf_file.png)
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[18]:/file/392286
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[19]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/org_tex_pdf.png?itok=poZZV_tj (org_tex_pdf.png)
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[20]:https://github.com
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[21]:https://www.sharelatex.com/learn/Beamer
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[22]:/file/392291
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[23]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/latex_beamer_presentation.png?itok=rsPSeIuM (latex_beamer_presentation.png)
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[24]:https://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-latex-export.html
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