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252 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
252 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
Linux中打印系统中USB信息的lsusb命令
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================================================================================
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**通用串行总线**或者**USB**被设计成为连接计算机外设的标准，如键盘、定位装置、打印机、数码相机、便携式媒体播放器、磁盘和网络适配器等等 - 来源：[Wikipedia][1]
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既然它成为了一个工业标准，那么现在很难看到一个没有USB口的计算机了。USB闪存的使用使得它更加流行。在Linux上，我们使用**lsusb**来列出USB设备和它的属性。
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### lsusb是什么 ###
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从它的手册上，lsusb定义成：
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显示系统中和连接到系统的USB总线信息的工具。
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如何运行lsusb。
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要运行lsusb，你可以直接在控制台输入lsusb。
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$ lsusb
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Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
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Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
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Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
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Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
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Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
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Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
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Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
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Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
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Bus 002 Device 003: ID 17ef:4811 Lenovo Integrated Webcam [R5U877]
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Bus 008 Device 002: ID 0a5c:217f Broadcom Corp. Bluetooth Controller
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**lsusb**会显示驱动和内部连接到你系统的设备。
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这是如何理解输出。我抓取了上面输出的最后一行：
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#### Bus 008 Device 002 : ID 0a5c:217f Broadcom Corp. Bluetooth Controller ####
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- **Bus 008** : 设备连接的地方
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- **Device 002** : 连接到总线上的第二台设备
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- **ID** : 设备的ID
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- **Broadcom Corp**. Bluetooth Controller :生产商名字和设备名
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我们同样可以看到在我们的系统中同时使用了USB2.0 root hub驱动和USB 1.1 root hub驱动。
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用[dmsg][2]命令同样可以看到。下面是一个例子。
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$ dmesg |grep -i usb
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[ 0.353138] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
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[ 0.353150] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
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[ 0.353182] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
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[ 0.730026] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 ‘Enhanced’ Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
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[ 0.730116] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.7: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
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[ 0.748019] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.7: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
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[ 0.748169] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
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[ 0.748336] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
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[ 0.768019] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
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[ 0.768147] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
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[ 0.768236] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 ‘Open’ Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
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[ 0.768251] uhci_hcd: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver
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### 如何列出USB详细信息 ###
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使用**-v**选项来开启。下面是一个例子。
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$ lsusb -v
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Interface Descriptor:
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bLength 9
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bDescriptorType 4
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bInterfaceNumber 1
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bAlternateSetting 5
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bNumEndpoints 2
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bInterfaceClass 224 Wireless
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bInterfaceSubClass 1 Radio Frequency
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bInterfaceProtocol 1 Bluetooth
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iInterface 0
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Endpoint Descriptor:
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bLength 7
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bDescriptorType 5
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bEndpointAddress 0×83 EP 3 IN
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bmAttributes 1
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Transfer Type Isochronous
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Synch Type None
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Usage Type Data
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wMaxPacketSize 0×0040 1x 64 bytes
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bInterval 1
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Endpoint Descriptor:
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bLength 7
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bDescriptorType 5
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bEndpointAddress 0×03 EP 3 OUT
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bmAttributes 1
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Transfer Type Isochronous
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Synch Type None
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Usage Type Data
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wMaxPacketSize 0×0040 1x 64 bytes
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bInterval 1
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### 找出连接了多少USB设备 ###
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使用上面的命令来找到
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$ find /dev/bus
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接着你会看到像下面的输出：
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/dev/bus
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/dev/bus/usb
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/dev/bus/usb/008
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/dev/bus/usb/008/002
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/dev/bus/usb/008/001
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/dev/bus/usb/007
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/dev/bus/usb/007/001
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/dev/bus/usb/006
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/dev/bus/usb/006/001
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/dev/bus/usb/005
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/dev/bus/usb/005/001
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/dev/bus/usb/004
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/dev/bus/usb/004/001
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/dev/bus/usb/003
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/dev/bus/usb/003/001
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/dev/bus/usb/002
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/dev/bus/usb/002/004
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/dev/bus/usb/002/003
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/dev/bus/usb/002/001
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/dev/bus/usb/001
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/dev/bus/usb/001/001
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使用**lsusb** 命令 **紧接 -D** 选项，你可以打印特定设备的详细信息。下面是一个博通蓝牙设备的示例。
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$ lsusb -D /dev/bus/usb/008/002
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Device: ID 0a5c:217f Broadcom Corp. Bluetooth Controller
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Couldn’t open device, some information will be missing
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Device Descriptor:
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bLength 18
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bDescriptorType 1
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bcdUSB 2.00
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bDeviceClass 224 Wireless
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bDeviceSubClass 1 Radio Frequency
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bDeviceProtocol 1 Bluetooth
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bMaxPacketSize0 64
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idVendor 0x0a5c Broadcom Corp.
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idProduct 0x217f Bluetooth Controller
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bcdDevice 3.60
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iManufacturer 1
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iProduct 2
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iSerial 3
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bNumConfigurations 1
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Configuration Descriptor:
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bLength 9
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bDescriptorType 2
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wTotalLength 216
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bNumInterfaces 4
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bConfigurationValue 1
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iConfiguration 0
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bmAttributes 0xe0
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Self Powered
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Remote Wakeup
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MaxPower 0mA
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Interface Descriptor:
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bLength 9
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bDescriptorType 4
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bInterfaceNumber 0
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bAlternateSetting 0
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bNumEndpoints 3
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bInterfaceClass 224 Wireless
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bInterfaceSubClass 1 Radio Frequency
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bInterfaceProtocol 1 Bluetooth
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iInterface 0
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Endpoint Descriptor:
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bLength 7
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bDescriptorType 5
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bEndpointAddress 0×81 EP 1 IN
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bmAttributes 3
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Transfer Type Interrupt
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Synch Type None
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Usage Type Data
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wMaxPacketSize 0×0010 1x 16 bytes
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bInterval 1
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Endpoint Descriptor:
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bLength 7
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bDescriptorType 5
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bEndpointAddress 0×82 EP 2 IN
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bmAttributes 2
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Transfer Type Bulk
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Synch Type None
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Usage Type Data
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wMaxPacketSize 0×0040 1x 64 bytes
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bInterval 1
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Endpoint Descriptor:
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bLength 7
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bDescriptorType 5
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bEndpointAddress 0×02 EP 2 OUT
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bmAttributes 2
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Transfer Type Bulk
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Synch Type None
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Usage Type Data
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wMaxPacketSize 0×0040 1x 64 bytes
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bInterval 1
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### 找出大容量存储设备 ###
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既然 **lsusb -v**给我们很详细的信息，那么你或许会错过一些信息。我们可以使用grep命令指定特定的信息。
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大容量存储设备会有一个供应商名和ID。我们可以用它作为一个起点。
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$ lsusb -v |grep -Ei ‘(idVendor|Mass\ Storage)’
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idVendor 0×1005 Apacer Technology, Inc.
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bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage
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你可以看到，我们系统上有一个来自Apacer Technology, Inc的USB大容量存储设备。
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### 以树层级结构输出USB设备 ###
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使用 **-t**选项满足这个要求
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$ lsusb -t
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/: Bus 08.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=uhci_hcd/2p, 12M
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/: Bus 07.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=uhci_hcd/2p, 12M
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/: Bus 06.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=uhci_hcd/2p, 12M
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/: Bus 05.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=uhci_hcd/2p, 12M
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/: Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=uhci_hcd/2p, 12M
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/: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=uhci_hcd/2p, 12M
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/: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci_hcd/6p, 480M
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|__ Port 1: Dev 4, If 0, Class=stor., Driver=usb-storage, 480M
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|__ Port 6: Dev 3, If 0, Class=’bInterfaceClass 0x0e not yet handled’, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M
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|__ Port 6: Dev 3, If 1, Class=’bInterfaceClass 0x0e not yet handled’, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M
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/: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci_hcd/6p, 480M
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数字**12M和480M** 是**指USB类型的传输速率**。
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- 12M 意味着 USB 1.0 / 1.1的速率是 12Mbit/s
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- 480M 意味着 USB 2.0的速率是 480Mbit/s
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如果你找到5.0G，那意味这你有USB 3.0类型接口。它有5.0Gbit/s的传输速率。Linux从**/var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids**识别USB设备的详细信息。
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这些就是lsusb命令的基础。你可以用lsusb命令追你的系统上的USB设备做一个诊断。一般来说，你可以通过lsusb的手册探索命令的更多详细细节。只要输入**man lsab**来打开它的手册。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-lsusb-command-print-usb/
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB
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[2]:http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-dmesg-command/
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[3]:http://www.linux-usb.org/usb.ids |