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207 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
207 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
在CentOS 7上给一个网卡分配多个IP地址
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有时你也许想要给一个网卡多个地址。你该怎么做呢?另外买一个网卡来分配地址?在小型网络中其实不用这么做。我们现在可以在CentOS/RHEL 7中给一个网卡分配多个ip地址。想知道怎么做么?好的,跟随我,这并不难。
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首先,让我们找到网卡的IP地址。在我的CentOS 7服务器中,我只使用了一个网卡。
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用root特权运行下面的命令:
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ip addr
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示例输出:
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 ::1/128 scope host
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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link/ether 08:00:27:80:63:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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inet 192.168.1.150/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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如上所见,我的网卡名是enp0s3,ip地址是192.168.1.150。
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如你所知,网卡的配置文件存储在 **/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/** 目录下。每个网卡的详细内容将会以不同的名字存储,比如**ifcfg-enp0s3**。
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让我们看下**ifcfg-enp0s3**的细节。
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cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
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示例输出:
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TYPE="Ethernet"
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BOOTPROTO="none"
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DEFROUTE="yes"
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IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
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IPV6INIT="yes"
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IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
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IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
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IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
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NAME="enp0s3"
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UUID="e9f9caef-cb9e-4a19-aace-767c6ee6f849"
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ONBOOT="yes"
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HWADDR="08:00:27:80:63:19"
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IPADDR0="192.168.1.150"
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PREFIX0="24"
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GATEWAY0="192.168.1.1"
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DNS1="192.168.1.1"
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IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"
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IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"
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好的,现在我们将在相同的子网中分配多个地址了。
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编辑文件 **/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3**:
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vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
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像下面那样加入额外的IP地址。
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TYPE="Ethernet"
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BOOTPROTO="none"
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DEFROUTE="yes"
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IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
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IPV6INIT="yes"
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IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
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IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
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IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
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NAME="enp0s3"
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UUID="933cdc9b-b383-4ddd-b219-5a72c69c9cf0"
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ONBOOT="yes"
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HWADDR="08:00:27:3F:AB:68"
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IPADDR0="192.168.1.150"
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IPADDR1="192.168.1.151"
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IPADDR2="192.168.1.152"
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PREFIX0="24"
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GATEWAY0="192.168.1.1"
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DNS1="192.168.1.1"
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IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"
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IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"
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如你所见,我已经加了两个IP地址:**IPADDR1=”192.168.1.151″ & IPADDR2=”192.168.1.152″**
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类似地,你可以加入更多的ip地址。
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最后,保存并退出文件。重启网络服务来使更改生效。
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systemctl restart network
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现在,让我们检查是否已经加入了ip地址。
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ip addr
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示例输出:
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: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 ::1/128 scope host
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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link/ether 08:00:27:3f:ab:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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inet 192.168.1.150/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet 192.168.1.151/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet 192.168.1.152/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe3f:ab68/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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如你所见,单个网卡已经有3个ip地址了。
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让我们ping一下新增的IP地址:
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ping -c 4 192.168.1.151
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示例输出:
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PING 192.168.1.151 (192.168.1.151) 56(84) bytes of data.
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64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.048 ms
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64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms
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64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms
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64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms
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--- 192.168.1.151 ping statistics ---
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4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms
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rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.048/0.069/0.077/0.013 ms
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----------
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ping -c 4 192.168.1.152
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示例输出:
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PING 192.168.1.152 (192.168.1.152) 56(84) bytes of data.
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64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms
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64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms
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64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
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64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms
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--- 192.168.1.152 ping statistics ---
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4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms
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rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.034/0.064/0.075/0.018 ms
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如果你想要使用**不同的子网**,你要改变**PREFIX0=24**成不同的子网,比如 **PREFIX1=16**。
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比如,我想要添加一个A类地址(**比如10.0.0.1*)到我的网卡中。
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TYPE="Ethernet"
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BOOTPROTO="none"
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DEFROUTE="yes"
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IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
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IPV6INIT="yes"
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IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
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IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
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IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
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NAME="enp0s3"
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UUID="933cdc9b-b383-4ddd-b219-5a72c69c9cf0"
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ONBOOT="yes"
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HWADDR="08:00:27:3F:AB:68"
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IPADDR0="192.168.1.150"
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IPADDR1="192.168.1.151"
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IPADDR2="192.168.1.152"
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IPADDR3="10.0.0.1"
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PREFIX0="24"
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PREFIX1=16
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GATEWAY0="192.168.1.1"
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DNS1="192.168.1.1"
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IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"
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IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"
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你可以看到我已经添加一个A类地址(10.0.0.1)并且前缀是16。
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保存并退出文件。重启网络服务,接着,ping新增的地址:
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ping -c 4 10.0.0.1
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示例输出:
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PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
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64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.097 ms
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64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
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64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms
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64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms
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--- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
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4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000ms
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rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.073/0.079/0.097/0.014 ms
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相似地,你可以添加不同的网关。
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就是这样。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-assign-multiple-ip-addresses-single-network-interface-card-centos-7/
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作者:[SK][a]
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译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/sk/
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