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185 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
185 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
Monitorix :支持服务器和树莓派的轻量级系统监控系统
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================================================================================
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有时候,无论是普通用户还是系统管理员,都需要知道系统运行是否良好。与系统状态相关的许多问题,都可以通过检查运行的服务所生成的日志文件来获得答案。然而,即便对于干过几年的系统管理员而言,要检查日志文件的每个细节都不是件容易的事。这也是为什么他们依赖于监控软件的原因,监控软件能够从不同的源收集信息,并以易于理解的格式给出分析报告,如图表、可视化图像、统计数据等。
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市面上流传着许多复杂的系统监控软件,诸如[Cacti][1], [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin此类。在本文中,我们向您介绍一个轻量级的监控工具——Monitorix,该工具设计用于在Linux/BSD上监控系统资源和许多熟知的第三方应用程序。由于专为资源有限的嵌入式系统而优化,Monitorix以使用简单,消耗内存资源少而著称。它内建了一个HTTP服务器用于提供web界面,并使用RRDtool数据库来存储时间序列统计数据,RRDtool可以很容易地和任何脚本语言整合,如Perl,Python,shell脚本,Ruby等。
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### 主要特性 ###
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这里列出了Monitorix的主要特性。要查看完整列表,请参阅[官方网站][3]
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- 当前系统负载和系统服务
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- CPU/GPU温度传感器
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- 磁盘温度和健康度
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- 网络/端口流量和网络状况统计
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- 邮件统计
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- Web服务器统计(Apache,Nginx,Lighttpd)
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- MySQL负载和统计
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- Squid代理统计
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- NFS服务器/客户端统计
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- Raspberry Pi传感器统计
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- Memcached统计
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### 在Fedora, CentOS或者RHEL上安装并配置Monitorix ###
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首先,安装需要的软件包。注意,在CentOS上,你需要先设置 [EPEL][4]和[Repoforge][5]仓库。
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$ sudo yum install rrdtool rrdtool-perl perl-libwww-perl perl-MailTools perl-MIME-Lite perl-CGI perl-DBI perl-XML-Simple perl-Config-General perl-HTTP-Server-Simple perl-IO-Socket-SSL
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完成上一步后,可以通过以下命令来安装Monitorix:
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$ sudo yum install monitorix
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要配置Monitorix,打开`/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf`配置文件,并修改选项。关于Monitorix的配置文件细节,可以查阅[http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html][6]。
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默认情况下,内建的HTTP服务器监听8080端口。因此,确保你的防火墙没有阻止TCP 8080端口。
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要启动Monitorix,只需输入以下命令:
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$ sudo service monitorix start
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启动你喜爱的Web浏览器,然后通过http://<host-ip-address>:8080/monitorix来访问Monitorix的Web界面。
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### 在Archlinux上安装并配置Monitorix ###
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在Archlinux上,可以从[AUR][7]上下载Monitorix包。
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默认情况下,在Archlinux上是禁用了其内建HTTP服务器的。要启用内建的HTTP服务器,请编辑/etc/monitorix.conf文件的如下区块。
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<httpd_builtin>
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enabled = y
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host =
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port = 8080
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user = nobody
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group = nobody
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log_file = /var/log/monitorix-httpd
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hosts_deny =
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hosts_allow =
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<auth>
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enabled = n
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msg = Monitorix: Restricted access
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htpasswd = /var/lib/monitorix/htpasswd
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</auth>
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</httpd_builtin>
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最后,启动Monitorix服务。
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打开你喜欢的Web浏览器,然后通过http://<host-ip-address>:8080/monitorix来访问Monitorix的Web界面。
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### 在Debian和Ubuntu上安装并配置Monitorix ###
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对于Debian家族,Monitorix可以通过两种方式安装:手工安装或通过第三方软件仓库。
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#### 手工安装(用于Debian) ####
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首先安装所有依赖包。
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$ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl
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从[http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][8]下载Monitorix包,并安装。
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$ sudo dpkg -i monitorix*.deb
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在安装期间,会要求你配置一个后端Web服务器。如果你正是用Apache,确保重启Apache服务来重新加载Apache配置。
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$ sudo service apache2 reload
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#### 通过软件仓库安装 (用于Ubuntu) ####
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在/etc/apt/source.list中添加以下行来启用Izzysoft仓库。
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deb http://apt.izzysoft.de/ubuntu generic universe
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下载并为软件仓库添加GPG密钥。
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$ wget http://apt.izzysoft.de/izzysoft.asc
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$ sudo apt-key add izzysoft.asc
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使用apt-get安装Monitorix,所有依赖包也将自动安装。
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install monitorix
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最后,启动Monitorix服务。
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$ sudo service monitorix start
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要配置Monitorix,请使用文本编辑器编辑`/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf`,并重启Monitorix服务。
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$ sudo service monitorix restart
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用于Ubuntu的内建Web服务器默认启用。要从Web查看监控结果,在你喜爱的Web浏览器中访问http://<host-ip-address>8080/monitorix。
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### 在Raspberry Pi上安装并配置Monitorix ###
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如果想要在Raspberry Pi(基于Debian)上安装Monitorix,你不能使用上面提到的Izzysoft仓库,因为它不提供Monitorix的ARM移植。取而代之的是,你可以参照如下基于Debian的手工安装。
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首先,安装需要的软件包。
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$ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl
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如果某些需要的软件包没有安装,我们需要使用此命令来强制安装。
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$ sudo apt-get -f install
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从[http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][9]下载Monitorix软件包(monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb)。
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使用下面的命令来安装Monitorix包。
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$ sudo dpkg -i monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb
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安装完成后,我们需要像下面这样对Monitorix配置稍作修改。
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用你喜爱的文本编辑器打开`/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf`,向下滚动文本直到你找到<graphs enable>。搜索“raspberrypi = n”,并用“y”替换“n”,这将启用对Raspberry Pi时钟频率、温度和电压的监控。
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编辑完成后,重启Monitorix服务。
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$ sudo service monitorix restart
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默认情况下,Monitorix的内建HTTP Web服务器会被启用。要访问Monitorix的Web界面,访问此地址http://<raspberrypi-ip-address>:8080/monitorix。
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### Monitorix截图(Raspberry Pi上) ###
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Monitorix主屏幕:
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[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5558/14215953893_69b546c473_z.jpg)][10]
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系统平均负载和使用情况图示:
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[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5239/14009175290_6c5f9542b9_z.jpg)][11]
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活动进程图示:
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[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2933/14195746084_1364bd1721_z.jpg)][12]
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在主屏幕中选择“Raspberry Pi”部分下的“时钟频率”,你会看到[Raspberry Pi][13]的时钟频率、温度和电压的图示:
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[![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7330/14009143189_aeeee6a0e3_z.jpg)][14]
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所有监控图示:
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[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2908/14192525721_d002b4e621_k.jpg)][15]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/web-based-lightweight-system-monitor-linux.html
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译者:[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/install-configure-cacti-linux.html
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[2]:http://xmodulo.com/tag/nagios
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[3]:http://www.monitorix.org/features.html
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[4]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
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[5]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/01/how-to-set-up-rpmforge-repoforge-repository-on-centos.html
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[6]:http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html
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[7]:http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=33911
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[8]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html
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[9]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html
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[10]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14215953893/
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[11]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009175290/
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[12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14195746084/
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[13]:http://xmodulo.com/go/raspberrypi
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[14]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009143189/
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[15]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14192525721/ |