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347 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
347 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
LKU：一套在 Ubuntu/LinuxMint 上编译、安装和更新最新内核的 Shell 脚本
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============================================================
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以手动方式安装和升级最新的 Linux 内核对于每个人来说都不是一件小事，甚至包括一些有经验的人也是如此。它需要对 Linux 内核有深入的了解。过去我们已经介绍了 UKUU（Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade Utility），它可以从 kernel.ubuntu.com 网站上自动检测最新的主线内核，并弹出一个不错的窗口界面进行安装。
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[Linux Kernel Utilities][2] （LKU）提供一组 shell 脚本（三个 Shell 脚本），可以帮助用户从 kernel.org 获取并编译和安装最新的 Linux 内核，也可以从 kernel.ubuntu.com 获取安装最新的预编译的 Ubuntu 内核。甚至可以根据需要选择所需的内核（手动内核选择）。
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该脚本还将根据 PGP 签名文件检查下载的归档文件，并且可以选择通用和低延迟版内核。
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建议阅读：[ukuu：一种在基于 Ubuntu 的系统上轻松安装升级 Linux 内核的方式][3]
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它可以删除或清除所有非活动的内核，并且不会为了安全目的留下备份的内核。强烈建议在执行此脚本之前重新启动一次。
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* `compile_linux_kernel.sh` ：用户可以从 kernel.org 编译和安装所需的或最新的内核
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* `update_ubuntu_kernel.sh` ：用户可以从 kernel.ubuntu.com 安装并更新所需或最新的预编译 Ubuntu 内核
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* `remove_old_kernels.sh` ：这将删除或清除所有非活动内核，并且只保留当前加载的版本
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kernel.org 有固定的发布周期（每三个月一次），发布的内核包括了新的功能，改进了硬件和系统性能。由于它具有标准的发布周期，除了滚动发布的版本（如 Arch Linux，openSUSE Tumbleweed 等），大多数发行版都不提供最新的内核。
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### 如何安装 Linux Kernel Utilities (LKU)
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正如我们在文章的开头所说的，它的 shell 脚本集只是克隆开发人员的 github 仓库并运行相应的 shell 文件来执行这个过程。
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```
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$ git clone https://github.com/mtompkins/linux-kernel-utilities.git && cd linux-kernel-utilities
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```
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### 安装指定版本内核
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为了测试的目的，我们将安装 Linux v4.4.10-xenial 内核。在安装新内核之前，我们需要通过 `uanme -a` 命令检查当前安装的内核版本，以便我们可以检查新内核是否可以安装。
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```
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$ uname -a
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Linux magi-VirtualBox 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 18 18:33:37 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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```
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根据上面的输出，我们的系统使用的是 4.4.0-21 通用内核。
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只需运行 `update_ubuntu_kernel.sh` shell 脚本。第一次运行脚本时会检查是否满足所有的依赖关系，然后自动安装缺少的依赖项。它会检测系统使用的发行版，并检索 kernel.ubuntu.com 中可用的预编译内核。现在，从列表中选择你需要的内核并输入序号，然后按回车键，它将下载内核映像（linux-headers-4.4.10，linux-headers-4.4.10-xxx-generic 和 linux-image-4.4.10-xxx-generic）。
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一旦内核镜像被下载，它将要求输入 `sudo` 密码来启动新内核的安装。
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```
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$ ./update_ubuntu_kernel.sh
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[+] Checking Distro
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\_ Distro identified as LinuxMint.
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[+] Checking Dependencies
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curl Found
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dkms Found
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git Found
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sudo Found
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wget Found
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whiptail Found
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lynx Not Found
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-- Installing Dependencies --
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[!] The first time this script is run missing dependencies will be installed.
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For compiling a kernel this may take a bit of time. Feedback will be provided.
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[+] Dependencies
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\_Elevating permissions as necessary . . .
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[%] Elevated
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[+] Testing for previous held packages and trying to correct any found.
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\_Passed
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[+] Updating package cache . . .
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\_Complete
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[+] Installing dependencies . . .
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\_Complete
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curl Found
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dkms Found
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git Found
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sudo Found
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wget Found
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whiptail Found
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lynx Found
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[+] Changing to temporary directory to work in . . .
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\_ Temporary directory access granted: /tmp/tmp.97eHDsmg2K
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[+] Removing any conflicting remnants . . .
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\_ Done
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[+] Retrieving available kernel choices . . .
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\_ Precompiled kernels available from kernel.ubuntu.com:
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1) Linux v4.11 2) Linux v4.11.3 3) Linux v4.11.2 4) Linux v4.11.1
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5) Linux v4.10 6) Linux v4.10.17 7) Linux v4.10.16 8) Linux v4.10.15
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9) Linux v4.10.14 10) Linux v4.10.13 11) Linux v4.10.12 12) Linux v4.10.11
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13) Linux v4.10.10 14) Linux v4.10.9 15) Linux v4.10.8 16) Linux v4.10.7
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17) Linux v4.10.6 18) Linux v4.10.5 19) Linux v4.10.4 20) Linux v4.10.3
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21) Linux v4.10.2 22) Linux v4.10.1 23) Linux v4.9 24) Linux v4.9.30
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25) Linux v4.9.29 26) Linux v4.9.28 27) Linux v4.9.27 28) Linux v4.9.26
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29) Linux v4.9.25 30) Linux v4.9.24 31) Linux v4.9.23 32) Linux v4.9.22
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33) Linux v4.9.21 34) Linux v4.9.20 35) Linux v4.9.19 36) Linux v4.9.18
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37) Linux v4.9.17 38) Linux v4.9.16 39) Linux v4.9.15 40) Linux v4.9.14
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41) Linux v4.9.13 42) Linux v4.9.12 43) Linux v4.9.11 44) Linux v4.9.10
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45) Linux v4.9.9 46) Linux v4.9.8 47) Linux v4.9.7 48) Linux v4.9.6
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49) Linux v4.9.5 50) Linux v4.9.4 51) Linux v4.9.3 52) Linux v4.9.2
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53) Linux v4.9.1 54) Linux v4.8 55) Linux v4.8.17 56) Linux v4.8.16
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57) Linux v4.8.15 58) Linux v4.8.14 59) Linux v4.8.13 60) Linux v4.8.12
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61) Linux v4.8.11 62) Linux v4.8.10 63) Linux v4.8.9 64) Linux v4.8.8
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65) Linux v4.8.7 66) Linux v4.8.6 67) Linux v4.8.5 68) Linux v4.8.4
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69) Linux v4.8.3 70) Linux v4.8.2 71) Linux v4.8.1 72) Linux v4.7
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73) Linux v4.7.10 74) Linux v4.7.9 75) Linux v4.7.8 76) Linux v4.7.7
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77) Linux v4.7.6 78) Linux v4.7.5 79) Linux v4.7.4 80) Linux v4.7.3
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81) Linux v4.7.2 82) Linux v4.7.1 83) Linux v4.6.7 84) Linux v4.6.6
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85) Linux v4.6.5 86) Linux v4.6.4 87) Linux v4.6.3-yakkety 88) Linux v4.6.2-yakkety
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89) Linux v4.6.1-yakkety 90) Linux v4.6-yakkety 91) Linux v4.5.7-yakkety 92) Linux v4.5.6-yakkety
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93) Linux v4.5.5-yakkety 94) Linux v4.5.4-yakkety 95) Linux v4.5.3-wily 96) Linux v4.5.2-wily
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97) Linux v4.5.1-wily 98) Linux v4.5-wily 99) Linux v4.4.70 100) Linux v4.4.69
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101) Linux v4.4.68 102) Linux v4.4.67 103) Linux v4.4.66 104) Linux v4.4.65
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105) Linux v4.4.64 106) Linux v4.4.63 107) Linux v4.4.62 108) Linux v4.4.61
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109) Linux v4.4.60 110) Linux v4.4.59 111) Linux v4.4.58 112) Linux v4.4.57
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113) Linux v4.4.56 114) Linux v4.4.55 115) Linux v4.4.54 116) Linux v4.4.53
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117) Linux v4.4.52 118) Linux v4.4.51 119) Linux v4.4.50 120) Linux v4.4.49
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121) Linux v4.4.48 122) Linux v4.4.47 123) Linux v4.4.46 124) Linux v4.4.45
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125) Linux v4.4.44 126) Linux v4.4.43 127) Linux v4.4.42 128) Linux v4.4.41
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129) Linux v4.4.40 130) Linux v4.4.39 131) Linux v4.4.38 132) Linux v4.4.37
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133) Linux v4.4.36 134) Linux v4.4.35 135) Linux v4.4.34 136) Linux v4.4.33
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137) Linux v4.4.32 138) Linux v4.4.31 139) Linux v4.4.30 140) Linux v4.4.29
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141) Linux v4.4.28 142) Linux v4.4.27 143) Linux v4.4.26 144) Linux v4.4.25
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145) Linux v4.4.24 146) Linux v4.4.23 147) Linux v4.4.22 148) Linux v4.4.21
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149) Linux v4.4.20 150) Linux v4.4.19 151) Linux v4.4.17 152) Linux v4.4.16
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153) Linux v4.4.15 154) Linux v4.4.14-xenial 155) Linux v4.4.13-xenial 156) Linux v4.4.12-xenial
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157) Linux v4.4.11-xenial 158) Linux v4.4.10-xenial 159) Linux v4.4.9-xenial 160) Linux v4.4.8-wily
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161) Linux v4.4.7-wily 162) Linux v4.4.6-wily 163) Linux v4.4.5-wily 164) Linux v4.4.4-wily
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165) Linux v4.4.3-wily 166) Linux v4.4.2-wily 167) Linux v4.4.1-wily 168) Linux v4.4-wily
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169) Linux v4.3.6-wily 170) Linux v4.3.5-wily 171) Linux v4.3.4-wily 172) Linux v4.3.3-wily
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173) Linux v4.3.2-wily 174) Linux v4.3.1-wily 175) Linux v4.3-wily 176) Linux v4.3-unstable
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177) Linux v4.2.8-wily 178) Linux v4.2.8-ckt13 179) Linux v4.2.8-ckt12-wily 180) Linux v4.2.8-ckt10-yakkety
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181) Linux v4.2.8-ckt9-wily 182) Linux v4.2.8-ckt8-wily 183) Linux v4.2.8-ckt7-wily 184) Linux v4.2.8-ckt6-wily
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185) Linux v4.2.8-ckt5-wily 186) Linux v4.2.8-ckt4-wily 187) Linux v4.2.8-ckt3-wily 188) Linux v4.2.8-ckt2-wily
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189) Linux v4.2.8-ckt1-wily 190) Linux v4.2.7-wily 191) Linux v4.2.6-wily 192) Linux v4.2.5-wily
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193) Linux v4.2.4-wily 194) Linux v4.2.4-unstable 195) Linux v4.2.3-unstable 196) Linux v4.2.2-unstable
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197) Linux v4.2.1-unstable 198) Linux v4.2-wily 199) Linux v4.2-unstable 200) Linux v4.1.40
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201) Linux v4.1.39 202) Linux v4.1.38 203) Linux v4.1.37 204) Linux v4.1.36
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205) Linux v4.1.35 206) Linux v4.1.34 207) Linux v4.1.33 208) Linux v4.1.32
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209) Linux v4.1.31 210) Linux v4.1.30 211) Linux v4.1.29 212) Linux v4.1.28
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213) Linux v4.1.27-wily 214) Linux v4.1.26-wily 215) Linux v4.1.25-wily 216) Linux v4.1.24-wily
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217) Linux v4.1.23-wily 218) Linux v4.1.22-wily 219) Linux v4.1.21-wily 220) Linux v4.1.20-wily
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221) Linux v4.1.19-wily 222) Linux v4.1.18-wily 223) Linux v4.1.17-wily 224) Linux v4.1.16-wily
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225) Linux v4.1.15-wily 226) Linux v4.1.14-wily 227) Linux v4.1.13-wily 228) Linux v4.1.12-wily
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229) Linux v4.1.11-wily 230) Linux v4.1.11-unstable 231) Linux v4.1.10-unstable 232) Linux v4.1.9-unstable
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233) Linux v4.1.8-unstable 234) Linux v4.1.7-unstable 235) Linux v4.1.6-unstable 236) Linux v4.1.5-unstable
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237) Linux v4.1.4-unstable 238) Linux v4.1.3-unstable 239) Linux v4.1.2-unstable 240) Linux v4.1.1-unstable
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241) Linux v4.1-wily 242) Linux v4.1-unstable 243) Linux v4.0.9-wily 244) Linux v4.0.8-wily
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245) Linux v4.0.7-wily 246) Linux v4.0.6-wily 247) Linux v4.0.5-wily 248) Linux v4.0.4-wily
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249) Linux v4.0.3-wily 250) Linux v4.0.2-wily 251) Linux v4.0.1-wily 252) Linux v4.0-vivid
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Select your desired kernel: 158
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Do you want the lowlatency kernel? (y/[n]):
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[+] Processing selection
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\_ Determining CPU type: amd64
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\_ Locating source of v4.4.10-xenial generic kernel packages.
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\_ Done
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[+] Checking AntiVirus flag and disabling if necessary
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[+] Installing kernel . . .
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[sudo] password for magi:
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Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.4.10-040410.
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(Reading database ... 230647 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to unpack linux-headers-4.4.10-040410_4.4.10-040410.201605110631_all.deb ...
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Unpacking linux-headers-4.4.10-040410 (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
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Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic.
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Preparing to unpack linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic_4.4.10-040410.201605110631_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
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Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic.
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Preparing to unpack linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic_4.4.10-040410.201605110631_amd64.deb ...
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Done.
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Unpacking linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
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Setting up linux-headers-4.4.10-040410 (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
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Setting up linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
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Examining /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d.
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run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
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Setting up linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
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Running depmod.
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update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
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Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
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run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
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run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
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run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
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update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.10-040410-generic
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Warning: No support for locale: en_IN
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run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
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run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
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run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
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Generating grub configuration file ...
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Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
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Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
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Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.10-040410-generic
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Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
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Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
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Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-21-generic
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Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-21-generic
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Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
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Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
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done
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\_ Done
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```
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安装后需要重新启动以使用新安装的内核。
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```
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$ sudo reboot now
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```
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现在，你正在使用的就是新安装的 4.4.10-040410-generic 版本内核。
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```
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$ uname -a
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Linux magi-VirtualBox 4.4.10-040410-generic #201605110631 SMP Wed May 11 10:33:23 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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```
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### 安装最新版本内核
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过程与上述相同，它将自动安装最新版本的内核。
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```
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$ ./update_ubuntu_kernel.sh --latest
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[+] Checking Distro
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\_ Distro identified as LinuxMint.
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[+] Checking Dependencies
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curl Found
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dkms Found
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git Found
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sudo Found
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wget Found
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whiptail Found
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lynx Found
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[+] Changing to temporary directory to work in . . .
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\_ Temporary directory access granted: /tmp/tmp.pLPYmCze6S
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[+] Removing any conflicting remnants . . .
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\_ Done
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[+] Retrieving available kernel choices . . .
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\_ Precompiled kernels available from kernel.ubuntu.com:
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.
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.
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.
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.
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Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
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Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.11.3-041103-generic
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Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.11.3-041103-generic
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Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
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Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.10-040410-generic
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Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
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Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
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Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-21-generic
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Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-21-generic
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Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
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Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
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done
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\_ Done
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```
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安装后需要重新启动以使用新安装的内核。
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```
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$ sudo reboot now
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```
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现在，你正在使用的就是最新版本 4.11.3-041103-generic 的内核。
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```
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$ uname -a
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Linux magi-VirtualBox 4.11.3-041103-generic #201705251233 SMP Thu May 25 16:34:52 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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```
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### 删除或清除旧内核
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只需要运行 `remove_old_kernels.sh` shell 脚本即可删除或清除所有非活动状态的内核。
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```
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$ ./remove_old_kernels.sh
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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+++ W A R N I N G +++
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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|
||
A reboot is recommended before running this script to ensure the current kernel tagged
|
||
as the boot kernel is indeed registered and old kernels properly marked for removal.
|
||
If you have just installed or modified your existing kernel and do not reboot before
|
||
running this script it may render you system INOPERABLE and that would indeed suck.
|
||
|
||
You have been warned.
|
||
~the Mgmt
|
||
|
||
[?]Continue to automagically remove ALL old kernels? (y/N)y
|
||
\_ Removing ALL old kernels . . .
|
||
[sudo] password for magi:
|
||
Reading package lists... Done
|
||
Building dependency tree
|
||
Reading state information... Done
|
||
The following packages will be REMOVED:
|
||
linux-headers-4.4.0-21* linux-headers-4.4.0-21-generic* linux-headers-4.4.10-040410*
|
||
linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic* linux-headers-4.4.9-040409* linux-headers-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency*
|
||
linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic* linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic* linux-image-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency*
|
||
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic* linux-kernel-generic*
|
||
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 11 to remove and 547 not upgraded.
|
||
After this operation, 864 MB disk space will be freed.
|
||
(Reading database ... 296860 files and directories currently installed.)
|
||
Removing linux-kernel-generic (4.4.0-21) ...
|
||
Removing linux-headers-4.4.0-21-generic (4.4.0-21.37) ...
|
||
Removing linux-headers-4.4.0-21 (4.4.0-21.37) ...
|
||
Removing linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
|
||
Removing linux-headers-4.4.10-040410 (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
|
||
Removing linux-headers-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency (4.4.9-040409.201605041832) ...
|
||
Removing linux-headers-4.4.9-040409 (4.4.9-040409.201605041832) ...
|
||
Removing linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic (4.4.0-21.37) ...
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
done
|
||
Purging configuration files for linux-image-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency (4.4.9-040409.201605041832) ...
|
||
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
|
||
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.9-040409-lowlatency /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
|
||
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.4.9-040409-lowlatency /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: http://www.2daygeek.com/lku-linux-kernel-utilities-compile-install-update-latest-kernel-in-linux-mint-ubuntu/
|
||
|
||
作者：[2DAYGEEK][a]
|
||
译者：[firmianay](https://github.com/firmianay)
|
||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[a]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/2daygeek/
|
||
[1]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/2daygeek/
|
||
[2]:https://github.com/mtompkins/linux-kernel-utilities
|
||
[3]:http://www.2daygeek.com/ukuu-install-upgrade-linux-kernel-in-linux-mint-ubuntu-debian-elementary-os/
|