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307 lines
8.2 KiB
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307 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
SDKMAN:轻松管理多个软件开发套件 (SDK) 的命令行工具
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======
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![](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/sdkman-720x340.png)
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你是否是一个经常在不同的 SDK 下安装和测试应用的开发者?我有一个好消息要告诉你!给你介绍一下 **SDKMAN**,一个可以帮你轻松管理多个 SDK 的命令行工具。它为安装、切换、列出和移除 SDK 提供了一个简便的方式。有了 SDKMAN,你可以在任何类 Unix 的操作系统上轻松地并行管理多个 SDK 的多个版本。它允许开发者为 JVM 安装不同的 SDK,例如 Java、Groovy、Scala、Kotlin 和 Ceylon、Ant、Gradle、Grails、Maven、SBT、Spark、Spring Boot、Vert.x,以及许多其他支持的 SDK。SDKMAN 是免费、轻量、开源、使用 **Bash** 编写的程序。
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### 安装 SDKMAN
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安装 SDKMAN 很简单。首先,确保你已经安装了 `zip` 和 `unzip` 这两个应用。它们在大多数的 Linux 发行版的默认仓库中。
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例如,在基于 Debian 的系统上安装 unzip,只需要运行:
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install zip unzip
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```
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然后使用下面的命令安装 SDKMAN:
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```
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$ curl -s "https://get.sdkman.io" | bash
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```
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在安装完成之后,运行以下命令:
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```
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$ source "$HOME/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh"
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```
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如果你希望自定义安装到其他位置,例如 `/usr/local/`,你可以这样做:
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```
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$ export SDKMAN_DIR="/usr/local/sdkman" && curl -s "https://get.sdkman.io" | bash
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```
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确保你的用户有足够的权限访问这个目录。
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最后,在安装完成后使用下面的命令检查一下:
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```
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$ sdk version
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==== BROADCAST =================================================================
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* 01/08/18: Kotlin 1.2.60 released on SDKMAN! #kotlin
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* 31/07/18: Sbt 1.2.0 released on SDKMAN! #sbt
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* 31/07/18: Infrastructor 0.2.1 released on SDKMAN! #infrastructor
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================================================================================
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SDKMAN 5.7.2+323
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```
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恭喜你!SDKMAN 已经安装完成了。让我们接下来看如何安装和管理 SDKs 吧。
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### 管理多个 SDK
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查看可用的 SDK 清单,运行:
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```
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$ sdk list
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```
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将会输出:
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```
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================================================================================
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Available Candidates
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================================================================================
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q-quit /-search down
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j-down ?-search up
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k-up h-help
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Ant (1.10.1) https://ant.apache.org/
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Apache Ant is a Java library and command-line tool whose mission is to drive
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processes described in build files as targets and extension points dependent
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upon each other. The main known usage of Ant is the build of Java applications.
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Ant supplies a number of built-in tasks allowing to compile, assemble, test and
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run Java applications. Ant can also be used effectively to build non Java
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applications, for instance C or C++ applications. More generally, Ant can be
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used to pilot any type of process which can be described in terms of targets and
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tasks.
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: $ sdk install ant
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```
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就像你看到的,SDK 每次列出众多 SDK 中的一个,以及该 SDK 的描述信息、官方网址和安装命令。按回车键继续下一个。
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安装一个新的 SDK,例如 Java JDK,运行:
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```
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$ sdk install java
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```
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将会输出:
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```
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Downloading: java 8.0.172-zulu
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In progress...
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######################################################################################## 100.0%
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Repackaging Java 8.0.172-zulu...
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Done repackaging...
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Installing: java 8.0.172-zulu
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Done installing!
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Setting java 8.0.172-zulu as default.
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```
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如果你安装了多个 SDK,它将会提示你是否想要将当前安装的版本设置为 **默认版本**。回答 `Yes` 将会把当前版本设置为默认版本。
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使用以下命令安装一个 SDK 的其他版本:
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```
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$ sdk install ant 1.10.1
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```
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如果你之前已经在本地安装了一个 SDK,你可以像下面这样设置它为本地版本。
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```
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$ sdk install groovy 3.0.0-SNAPSHOT /path/to/groovy-3.0.0-SNAPSHOT
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```
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列出一个 SDK 的多个版本:
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```
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$ sdk list ant
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```
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将会输出:
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```
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================================================================================
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Available Ant Versions
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================================================================================
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> * 1.10.1
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1.10.0
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1.9.9
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1.9.8
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1.9.7
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================================================================================
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+ - local version
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* - installed
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> - currently in use
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================================================================================
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```
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像我之前说的,如果你安装了多个版本,SDKMAN 会提示你是否想要设置当前安装的版本为 **默认版本**。你可以回答 Yes 设置它为默认版本。当然,你也可以在稍后使用下面的命令设置:
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```
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$ sdk default ant 1.9.9
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```
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上面的命令将会设置 Apache Ant 1.9.9 为默认版本。
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你可以根据自己的需要选择使用任何已安装的 SDK 版本,仅需运行以下命令:
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```
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$ sdk use ant 1.9.9
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```
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检查某个具体 SDK 当前的版本号,例如 Java,运行:
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```
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$ sdk current java
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Using java version 8.0.172-zulu
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```
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检查所有当下在使用的 SDK 版本号,运行:
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```
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$ sdk current
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Using:
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ant: 1.10.1
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java: 8.0.172-zulu
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```
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升级过时的 SDK,运行:
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```
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$ sdk upgrade scala
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```
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你也可以检查所有的 SDK 中还有哪些是过时的。
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```
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$ sdk upgrade
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```
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SDKMAN 有离线模式,可以让 SDKMAN 在离线时也正常运作。你可以使用下面的命令在任何时间开启或者关闭离线模式:
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```
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$ sdk offline enable
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$ sdk offline disable
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```
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要移除已安装的 SDK,运行:
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```
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$ sdk uninstall ant 1.9.9
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```
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要了解更多的细节,参阅帮助章节。
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```
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$ sdk help
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Usage: sdk <command> [candidate] [version]
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sdk offline <enable|disable>
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commands:
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install or i <candidate> [version]
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uninstall or rm <candidate> <version>
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list or ls [candidate]
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use or u <candidate> [version]
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default or d <candidate> [version]
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current or c [candidate]
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upgrade or ug [candidate]
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version or v
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broadcast or b
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help or h
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offline [enable|disable]
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selfupdate [force]
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update
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flush <broadcast|archives|temp>
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candidate : the SDK to install: groovy, scala, grails, gradle, kotlin, etc.
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use list command for comprehensive list of candidates
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eg: $ sdk list
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version : where optional, defaults to latest stable if not provided
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eg: $ sdk install groovy
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```
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### 更新 SDKMAN
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如果有可用的新版本,可以使用下面的命令安装:
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```
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$ sdk selfupdate
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```
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SDKMAN 会定期检查更新,并给出让你了解如何更新的指令。
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```
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WARNING: SDKMAN is out-of-date and requires an update.
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$ sdk update
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Adding new candidates(s): scala
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```
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### 清除缓存
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建议时不时的清理缓存(包括那些下载的 SDK 的二进制文件)。仅需运行下面的命令就可以了:
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```
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$ sdk flush archives
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```
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它也可以用于清理空的文件夹,节省一点空间:
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```
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$ sdk flush temp
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```
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### 卸载 SDKMAN
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如果你觉得不需要或者不喜欢 SDKMAN,可以使用下面的命令删除。
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```
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$ tar zcvf ~/sdkman-backup_$(date +%F-%kh%M).tar.gz -C ~/ .sdkman
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$ rm -rf ~/.sdkman
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```
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最后打开你的 `.bashrc`、`.bash_profile` 和/或者 `.profile`,找到并删除下面这几行。
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```
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#THIS MUST BE AT THE END OF THE FILE FOR SDKMAN TO WORK!!!
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export SDKMAN_DIR="/home/sk/.sdkman"
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[[ -s "/home/sk/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh" ]] && source "/home/sk/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh"
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```
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如果你使用的是 ZSH,就从 `.zshrc` 中删除上面这一行。
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这就是所有的内容了。我希望 SDKMAN 可以帮到你。还有更多的干货即将到来。敬请期待!
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祝近祺!
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:)
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/sdkman-a-cli-tool-to-easily-manage-multiple-software-development-kits/
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作者:[SK][a]
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选题:[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者:[dianbanjiu](https://github.com/dianbanjiu)
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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