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773 lines
25 KiB
Markdown
773 lines
25 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (rakino)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Run a command on binary files with this script)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/3/run-binaries-script)
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[#]: author: (Nick Clifton https://opensource.com/users/nickclifton)
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Run a command on binary files with this script
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======
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Try this simple script to easily run a command on binary files
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regardless of their packaging.
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![Binary code on a computer screen][1]
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Examining files from the command-line is generally an easy thing to do. You just run the command you want, followed by a list of files to be examined. Dealing with binary files, however, is more complicated. These files are often packaged up into archives, tarballs, or other packaging formats. The run-on-binaries script provides a convenient way to run a command on a collection of files, regardless of how they are packaged.
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The invocation of the script is quite simple:
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```
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`run-on-binaries <file(s}>`
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```
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So, for example:
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```
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`run-on-binaries /usr/bin/ls foo.rpm`
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```
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will list all of the files inside the **foo.rpm** file, while:
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```
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`run-on-binaries /usr/bin/readelf -a libc.a`
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```
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will run the **readelf** program, with the **-a** command-line option, on all of the object files inside the **libc.a library**.
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If necessary, the script can be passed a file containing a list of other files to be processed, rather than specifying them on the command line—like this:
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```
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`run-on-binaries --files-from=foo.lst /usr/bin/ps2ascii`
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```
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This will run the **ps2ascii** script on all of the files listed in **foo.lst**. (The files just need to be separated by white space. There can be multiple files on a single line if desired).
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Also, a skip list can be provided to stop the script from processing specified files:
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```
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`run-on-binaries --skip-list=skip.lst /usr/bin/wc *`
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```
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This will run the **wc** program on all of the files in the current directory, except for those specified in **skip.lst**.
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The script does not recurse into directories, but this can be handled by combining it with the **find** command, like this:
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```
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`find . -type f -exec run-on-binaries @ ;`
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```
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or
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```
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`find . -type d -exec run-on-binaries @/* ;`
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```
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The only difference between these two invocations is that the second one only runs the target program once per directory, but gives it a long command-line of all of the files in the directory.
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Though convenient, the script is lacking in several areas. Right now, it does not examine the PATH environment variable to find the command that it is asked to run, so a full path must be provided. Also, the script ought to be able to handle recursion on its own, without needing help from the find command.
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The run-on-binaries script is part of the annobin package, which is available on Fedora. The sources for annobin can also be obtained from the git repository at <git://sourceware.org/git/annobin.git>.
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### The script
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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# Script to run another script/program on the executables inside a given file.
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#
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# Created by Nick Clifton. <[nickc@redhat.com][2]>
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# Copyright (c) 2018 Red Hat.
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#
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# This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
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# by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your
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# option) any later version.
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# It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
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#
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# Usage:
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# run-on-binaries-in [options] program [options-for-the-program] file(s)
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#
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# This script does not handle directories. This is deliberate.
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# It is intended that if recursion is needed then it will be
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# invoked from find, like this:
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#
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# find . -name "*.rpm" -exec run-on-binaries-in <script-to-run> {} \;
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version=1.0
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help ()
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{
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# The following exec goop is so that we don't have to manually
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# redirect every message to stderr in this function.
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exec 4>&1 # save stdout fd to fd #4
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exec 1>&2 # redirect stdout to stderr
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cat <<__EOM__
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This is a shell script to run another script/program on one or more binary
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files. If the file(s) specified are archives of some kind (including rpms)
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then the script/program is run on the binary executables inside the archive.
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Usage: $prog {options} program {options-for-the-program} files(s)
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{options} are:
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-h --help Display this information and then exit.
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-v --version Report the version number of this script.
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-V --verbose Report on progress.
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-q --quiet Do not include the script name in the output.
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-i --ignore Silently ignore files that are not executables or archives.
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-p=<TEXT> --prefix=<TEXT> Prefix normal output with this string.
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-t=<DIR> --tmpdir=<DIR> Temporary directory to use when opening archives.
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-f=<FILE> --files-from=<FILE> Process files listed in <FILE>.
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-s=<FILE> --skip-list=<FILE> Skip any file listed in <FILE>.
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-- Stop accumulating options.
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Examples:
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$prog hardened foo.rpm
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Runs the hardened script on the executable
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files inside foo.rpm.
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$prog check-abi -v fred.tar.xz
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Runs the check-abi script on the decompressed
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contents of the fred.tar.xz archive, passing the
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-v option to check-abi as it does so.
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$prog -V -f=list.txt readelf -a
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Runs the readelf program, with the -a option on
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every file listed in the list.txt. Describes
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what is being done as it works.
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$prog -v -- -fred -a jim -b bert -- -c harry
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Runs the script "-fred" on the files jim, bert,
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"-c" and harry. Passes the options "-a" and
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"-b" to the script (even when run on jim).
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Reports the version of this script as well.
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__EOM__
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exec 1>&4 # Copy stdout fd back from temporary save fd, #4
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}
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main ()
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{
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init
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parse_args ${1+"$@"}
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if [ $failed -eq 0 ];
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then
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run_script_on_files
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fi
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if [ $failed -ne 0 ];
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then
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exit 1
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else
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exit 0
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fi
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}
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report ()
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{
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if [ $quiet -eq 0 ];
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then
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echo -n $prog": "
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fi
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echo ${1+"$@"}
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}
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ice ()
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{
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report "Internal error: " ${1+"$@"}
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exit 1
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}
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fail ()
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{
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report "Failure:" ${1+"$@"}
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failed=1
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}
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verbose ()
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{
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if [ $verbose -ne 0 ]
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then
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report ${1+"$@"}
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fi
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}
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# Initialise global variables.
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init ()
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{
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files[0]="";
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# num_files is the number of files to be scanned.
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# files[0] is the script to run on the files.
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num_files=0;
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script=""
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script_opts="";
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prog_opts="-i"
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tmpdir=/dev/shm
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prefix=""
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files_from=""
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skip_list=""
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failed=0
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verbose=0
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ignore=0
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quiet=0
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}
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# Parse our command line
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parse_args ()
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{
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abs_prog=$0;
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prog=`basename $abs_prog`;
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# Locate any additional command line switches
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# Likewise accumulate non-switches to the files list.
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while [ $# -gt 0 ]
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do
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optname="`echo $1 | sed 's,=.*,,'`"
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optarg="`echo $1 | sed 's,^[^=]*=,,'`"
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case "$optname" in
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-v | --version)
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report "version: $version"
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;;
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-h | --help)
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help
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exit 0
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;;
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-q | --quiet)
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quiet=1;
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prog_opts="$prog_opts -q"
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;;
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-V | --verbose)
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if [ $verbose -eq 1 ];
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then
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# This has the effect of cancelling out the prog_opts="-i"
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# in the init function, so that recursive invocations of this
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# script will complain about unrecognised file types.
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if [ $quiet -eq 0 ];
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then
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prog_opts="-V -V"
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else
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prog_opts="-V -V -q"
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fi
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else
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verbose=1;
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prog_opts="$prog_opts -V"
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fi
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;;
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-i | --ignore)
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ignore=1
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;;
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-t | --tmpdir)
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if test "x$optarg" = "x$optname" ;
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then
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shift
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if [ $# -eq 0 ]
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then
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fail "$optname needs a directory name"
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else
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tmpdir=$1
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fi
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else
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tmpdir="$optarg"
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fi
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;;
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-p | --prefix)
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if test "x$optarg" = "x$optname" ;
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then
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shift
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if [ $# -eq 0 ]
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then
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fail "$optname needs a string argument"
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else
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prefix=$1
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fi
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else
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prefix="$optarg"
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fi
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;;
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-f | --files_from)
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if test "x$optarg" = "x$optname" ;
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then
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shift
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if [ $# -eq 0 ]
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then
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fail "$optname needs a file name"
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else
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files_from=$1
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fi
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else
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files_from="$optarg"
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fi
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;;
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-s | --skip-list)
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if test "x$optarg" = "x$optname" ;
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then
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shift
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if [ $# -eq 0 ]
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then
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fail "$optname needs a file name"
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else
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skip_list=$1
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fi
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else
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skip_list="$optarg"
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fi
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;;
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--)
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shift
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break;
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;;
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--*)
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fail "unrecognised option: $1"
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help
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;;
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*)
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script="$1";
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if ! [ -a "$script" ]
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then
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fail "$script: program/script not found"
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elif ! [ -x "$script" ]
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then
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fail "$script: program/script not executable"
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fi
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# After we have seen the first non-option we stop
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# accumulating options for this script and instead
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# start accumulating options for the script to be
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# run.
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shift
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break;
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;;
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esac
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shift
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done
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# Read in the contents of the --file-from list, if specified.
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if test "x$files_from" != "x" ;
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then
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if ! [ -a "$files_from" ]
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then
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fail "$files_from: file not found"
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elif ! [ -r "$files_from" ]
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then
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fail "$files_from: file not readable"
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else
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eval 'files=($(cat $files_from))'
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num_files=${#files[*]}
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fi
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fi
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skip_files[foo]=bar
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# Check that the skip list exists, if specified.
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if test "x$skip_list" != "x" ;
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then
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if ! [ -a "$skip_list" ]
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then
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fail "$skip_list: file not found"
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elif ! [ -r "$skip_list" ]
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then
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fail "$files_from: file not readable"
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fi
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fi
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# Accumulate any remaining arguments separating out the arguments
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# for the script from the names of the files to scan.
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while [ $# -gt 0 ]
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do
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optname="`echo $1 | sed 's,=.*,,'`"
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optarg="`echo $1 | sed 's,^[^=]*=,,'`"
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case "$optname" in
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--)
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shift
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break;
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;;
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-*)
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script_opts="$script_opts $1"
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;;
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*)
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files[$num_files]="$1";
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let "num_files++"
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;;
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esac
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shift
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done
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# Accumulate any remaining arguments without processing them.
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while [ $# -gt 0 ]
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do
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files[$num_files]="$1";
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let "num_files++";
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shift
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done
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if [ $num_files -gt 0 ];
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then
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# Remember that we are counting from zero not one.
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let "num_files--"
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else
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fail "Must specify a program/script and at least one file to scan."
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fi
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}
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run_script_on_files ()
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{
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local i
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i=0;
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while [ $i -le $num_files ]
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do
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run_on_file i
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let "i++"
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done
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}
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# syntax: run <command> [<args>]
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# If being verbose report the command being run, and
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# the directory in which it is run.
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run ()
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{
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local where
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if test "x$1" = "x" ;
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then
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fail "run() called without an argument."
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fi
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verbose " Running: ${1+$@}"
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${1+$@}
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}
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decompress ()
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{
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local abs_file decompressor decomp_args orig_file base_file
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# Paranoia checks - the user should never encounter these.
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if test "x$4" = "x" ;
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then
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ice "decompress called with too few arguments"
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fi
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if test "x$5" != "x" ;
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then
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ice "decompress called with too many arguments"
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fi
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abs_file=$1
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decompressor=$2
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decomp_args=$3
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orig_file=$4
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base_file=`basename $abs_file`
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run cp $abs_file $base_file
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run $decompressor $decomp_args $base_file
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if [ $? != 0 ];
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then
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fail "$orig_file: Unable to decompress"
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fi
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rm -f $base_file
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}
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run_on_file ()
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{
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local file
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# Paranoia checks - the user should never encounter these.
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if test "x$1" = "x" ;
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then
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ice "scan_file called without an argument"
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fi
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if test "x$2" != "x" ;
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then
|
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ice "scan_file called with too many arguments"
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fi
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# Use quotes when accessing files in order to preserve
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# any spaces that might be in the directory name.
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file="${files[$1]}";
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# Catch names that start with a dash - they might confuse readelf
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if test "x${file:0:1}" = "x-" ;
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then
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file="./$file"
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fi
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|
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# See if we should skip this file.
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if test "x$skip_list" != "x" ;
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then
|
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# This regexp looks for $file being the first text on a line, either
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# on its own, or with additional text separated from it by at least
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# one space character. So searching for "fred" in the following gives:
|
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# fr <\- no match
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# fred <\- match
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# fredjim <\- no match
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# fred bert <\- match
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regexp="^$file[^[:graph:]]*"
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grep --silent --regexp="$regexp" $skip_list
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if [ $? = 0 ];
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then
|
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verbose "$file: skipping"
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return
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||
fi
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
# Check the file.
|
||
if ! [ -a "$file" ]
|
||
then
|
||
fail "$file: file not found"
|
||
return
|
||
elif ! [ -r "$file" ]
|
||
then
|
||
if [ $ignore -eq 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
fail "$file: not readable"
|
||
fi
|
||
return
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||
elif [ -d "$file" ]
|
||
then
|
||
if [ $ignore -eq 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
if [ $num_files -gt 1 ];
|
||
then
|
||
verbose "$file: skipping - it is a directory"
|
||
else
|
||
report "$file: skipping - it is a directory"
|
||
fi
|
||
fi
|
||
return
|
||
elif ! [ -f "$file" ]
|
||
then
|
||
if [ $ignore -eq 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
fail "$file: not an ordinary file"
|
||
fi
|
||
return
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||
fi
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||
|
||
file_type=`file -b $file`
|
||
case "$file_type" in
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*"ELF "*)
|
||
verbose "$file: ELF format - running script/program"
|
||
if test "x$prefix" != "x" ;
|
||
then
|
||
report "$prefix:"
|
||
fi
|
||
run $script $script_opts $file
|
||
return
|
||
;;
|
||
"RPM "*)
|
||
verbose "$file: RPM format."
|
||
;;
|
||
*" cpio "*)
|
||
verbose "$file: CPIO format."
|
||
;;
|
||
*"tar "*)
|
||
verbose "$file: TAR archive."
|
||
;;
|
||
*"Zip archive"*)
|
||
verbose "$file: ZIP archive."
|
||
;;
|
||
*"ar archive"*)
|
||
verbose "$file: AR archive."
|
||
;;
|
||
*"bzip2 compressed data"*)
|
||
verbose "$file: contains bzip2 compressed data"
|
||
;;
|
||
*"gzip compressed data"*)
|
||
verbose "$file: contains gzip compressed data"
|
||
;;
|
||
*"lzip compressed data"*)
|
||
verbose "$file: contains lzip compressed data"
|
||
;;
|
||
*"XZ compressed data"*)
|
||
verbose "$file: contains xz compressed data"
|
||
;;
|
||
*"shell script"* | *"ASCII text"*)
|
||
if [ $ignore -eq 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
fail "$file: test/scripts cannot be scanned."
|
||
fi
|
||
return
|
||
;;
|
||
*"symbolic link"*)
|
||
if [ $ignore -eq 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
# FIXME: We ought to be able to follow symbolic links
|
||
fail "$file: symbolic links are not followed."
|
||
fi
|
||
return
|
||
;;
|
||
*)
|
||
if [ $ignore -eq 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
fail "$file: Unsupported file type: $file_type"
|
||
fi
|
||
return
|
||
;;
|
||
esac
|
||
|
||
# We now know that we will need a temporary directory
|
||
# so create one, and create paths to the file and scripts.
|
||
if test "x${file:0:1}" = "x/" ;
|
||
then
|
||
abs_file=$file
|
||
else
|
||
abs_file="$PWD/$file"
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
if test "x${abs_prog:0:1}" != "x/" ;
|
||
then
|
||
abs_prog="$PWD/$abs_prog"
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
if test "x${script:0:1}" = "x/" ;
|
||
then
|
||
abs_script=$script
|
||
else
|
||
abs_script="$PWD/$script"
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
tmp_root=$tmpdir/delme.run.on.binary
|
||
run mkdir -p "$tmp_root/$file"
|
||
|
||
verbose " Changing to directory: $tmp_root/$file"
|
||
pushd "$tmp_root/$file" > /dev/null
|
||
if [ $? != 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
fail "Unable to change to temporary directory: $tmp_root/$file"
|
||
return
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
# Run the file type switch again, although this time we do not need to
|
||
# check for unrecognised types. (But we do, just in case...)
|
||
# Note since are transforming the file we re-invoke the run-on-binaries
|
||
# script on the decoded contents. This allows for archives that contain
|
||
# other archives, and so on. We normally pass the -i option to the
|
||
# invoked script so that it will not complain about unrecognised files in
|
||
# the decoded archive, although we do not do this when running in very
|
||
# verbose mode. We also pass an extended -t option to ensure that any
|
||
# sub-archives are extracted into a unique directory tree.
|
||
|
||
case "$file_type" in
|
||
"RPM "*)
|
||
# The output redirect confuses the run function...
|
||
verbose " Running: rpm2cpio $abs_file > delme.cpio"
|
||
rpm2cpio $abs_file > delme.cpio
|
||
if [ $? != 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
fail "$file: Unable to extract from rpm archive"
|
||
else
|
||
# Save time - run cpio now.
|
||
run cpio --quiet --extract --make-directories --file delme.cpio
|
||
if [ $? != 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
fail "$file: Unable to extract files from cpio archive"
|
||
fi
|
||
run rm -f delme.cpio
|
||
fi
|
||
;;
|
||
|
||
*" cpio "*)
|
||
run cpio --quiet --extract --make-directories --file=$abs_file
|
||
if [ $? != 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
fail "$file: Unable to extract files from cpio archive"
|
||
fi
|
||
;;
|
||
|
||
*"tar "*)
|
||
run tar --extract --file=$abs_file
|
||
if [ $? != 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
fail "$file: Unable to extract files from tarball"
|
||
fi
|
||
;;
|
||
|
||
*"ar archive"*)
|
||
run ar x $abs_file
|
||
if [ $? != 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
fail "$file: Unable to extract files from ar archive"
|
||
fi
|
||
;;
|
||
|
||
*"Zip archive"*)
|
||
decompress $abs_file unzip "-q" $file
|
||
;;
|
||
*"bzip2 compressed data"*)
|
||
decompress $abs_file bzip2 "--quiet --decompress" $file
|
||
;;
|
||
*"gzip compressed data"*)
|
||
decompress $abs_file gzip "--quiet --decompress" $file
|
||
;;
|
||
*"lzip compressed data"*)
|
||
decompress $abs_file lzip "--quiet --decompress" $file
|
||
;;
|
||
*"XZ compressed data"*)
|
||
decompress $abs_file xz "--quiet --decompress" $file
|
||
;;
|
||
*)
|
||
ice "unhandled file type: $file_type"
|
||
;;
|
||
esac
|
||
|
||
if [ $failed -eq 0 ];
|
||
then
|
||
# Now scan the file(s) created in the previous step.
|
||
run find . -type f -execdir $abs_prog $prog_opts -t=$tmp_root/$file -p=$file $abs_script $script_opts {} +
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
verbose " Deleting temporary directory: $tmp_root"
|
||
rm -fr $tmp_root
|
||
|
||
verbose " Return to previous directory"
|
||
popd > /dev/null
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# Invoke main
|
||
main ${1+"$@"}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Git has extensions for handling binary blobs such as multimedia files, so today we will learn how...
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/run-binaries-script
|
||
|
||
作者：[Nick Clifton][a]
|
||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||
译者：[rakino](https://github.com/rakino)
|
||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/nickclifton
|
||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/binary_code_computer_screen.png?itok=7IzHK1nn (Binary code on a computer screen)
|
||
[2]: mailto:nickc@redhat.com
|