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177 lines
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177 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
如何让 curl 命令通过代理访问
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======
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我的系统管理员给我提供了如下代理信息：
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```
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IP: 202.54.1.1
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Port: 3128
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Username: foo
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Password: bar
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```
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该设置在 Google Chrome 和 Firefox 浏览器上很容易设置。但是我要怎么把它应用到 `curl` 命令上呢？我要如何让 curl 命令使用我在 Google Chrome 浏览器上的代理设置呢？
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很多 Linux 和 Unix 命令行工具（比如 `curl` 命令，`wget` 命令，`lynx` 命令等)使用名为 `http_proxy`，`https_proxy`，`ftp_proxy` 的环境变量来获取代理信息。它允许你通过代理服务器（使用或不使用用户名/密码都行）来连接那些基于文本的会话和应用。
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本文就会演示一下如何让 `curl` 通过代理服务器发送 HTTP/HTTPS 请求。
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### 让 curl 命令使用代理的语法
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语法为：
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```
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## Set the proxy address of your uni/company/vpn network ##
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export http_proxy=http://your-ip-address:port/
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## http_proxy with username and password
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export http_proxy=http://user:password@your-proxy-ip-address:port/
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## HTTPS version ##
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export https_proxy=https://your-ip-address:port/
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export https_proxy=https://user:password@your-proxy-ip-address:port/
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```
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另一种方法是使用 `curl` 命令的 `-x` 选项：
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```
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curl -x <[protocol://][user:password@]proxyhost[:port]> url
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--proxy <[protocol://][user:password@]proxyhost[:port]> url
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--proxy http://user:password@Your-Ip-Here:Port url
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-x http://user:password@Your-Ip-Here:Port url
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```
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### 在 Linux 上的一个例子
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首先设置 `http_proxy`：
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```
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## proxy server, 202.54.1.1, port: 3128, user: foo, password: bar ##
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export http_proxy=http://foo:bar@202.54.1.1:3128/
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export https_proxy=$http_proxy
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## Use the curl command ##
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curl -I https://www.cyberciti.biz
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curl -v -I https://www.cyberciti.biz
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```
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输出为：
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```
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* Rebuilt URL to: www.cyberciti.biz/
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* Trying 202.54.1.1...
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* Connected to 1202.54.1.1 (202.54.1.1) port 3128 (#0)
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* Proxy auth using Basic with user 'foo'
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> HEAD HTTP://www.cyberciti.biz/ HTTP/1.1
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> Host: www.cyberciti.biz
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> Proxy-Authorization: Basic x9VuUml2xm0vdg93MtIz
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> User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
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> Accept: */*
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> Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive
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>
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< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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< Server: nginx
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Server: nginx
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< Date: Sun, 17 Jan 2016 11:49:21 GMT
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Date: Sun, 17 Jan 2016 11:49:21 GMT
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< Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
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Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
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< Vary: Accept-Encoding
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Vary: Accept-Encoding
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< X-Whom: Dyno-l1-com-cyber
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X-Whom: Dyno-l1-com-cyber
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< Vary: Cookie
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Vary: Cookie
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< Link: <http://www.cyberciti.biz/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/"
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Link: <http://www.cyberciti.biz/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/"
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< X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
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X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
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< X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
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X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
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< X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
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X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
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< X-Cache: MISS from server1
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X-Cache: MISS from server1
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< X-Cache-Lookup: MISS from server1:3128
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X-Cache-Lookup: MISS from server1:3128
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< Connection: keep-alive
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Connection: keep-alive
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<
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* Connection #0 to host 10.12.249.194 left intact
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```
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本例中，我来下载一个 pdf 文件：
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```
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$ export http_proxy="vivek:myPasswordHere@10.12.249.194:3128/"
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$ curl -v -O http://dl.cyberciti.biz/pdfdownloads/b8bf71be9da19d3feeee27a0a6960cb3/569b7f08/cms/631.pdf
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```
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也可以使用 `-x` 选项：
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```
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curl -x 'http://vivek:myPasswordHere@10.12.249.194:3128' -v -O https://dl.cyberciti.biz/pdfdownloads/b8bf71be9da19d3feeee27a0a6960cb3/569b7f08/cms/631.pdf
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```
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输出为：
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![Fig.01：curl in action \(click to enlarge\)][2]
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### Unix 上的一个例子
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```
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$ curl -x http://prox_server_vpn:3128/ -I https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-nginx-customizing-404-403-error-page/
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```
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### socks 协议怎么办呢？
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语法也是一样的：
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```
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curl -x socks5://[user:password@]proxyhost[:port]/ url
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curl --socks5 192.168.1.254:3099 https://www.cyberciti.biz/
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```
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### 如何让代理设置永久生效？
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编辑 `~/.curlrc` 文件：
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```
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$ vi ~/.curlrc
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```
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添加下面内容：
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```
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proxy = server1.cyberciti.biz:3128
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proxy-user = "foo:bar"
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```
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保存并关闭该文件。另一种方法是在你的 `~/.bashrc` 文件中创建一个别名：
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```
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## alias for curl command
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## set proxy-server and port, the syntax is
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## alias curl="curl -x {your_proxy_host}:{proxy_port}"
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alias curl = "curl -x server1.cyberciti.biz:3128"
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```
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记住，代理字符串中可以使用 `protocol://` 前缀来指定不同的代理协议。使用 `socks4://`，`socks4a://`，`socks5:// `或者 `socks5h://` 来指定使用的 SOCKS 版本。若没有指定协议或者使用 `http://` 表示 HTTP 协议。若没有指定端口号则默认为 `1080`。`-x` 选项的值要优先于环境变量设置的值。若不想走代理，而环境变量总设置了代理，那么可以通过设置代理为空值（`""`）来覆盖环境变量的值。[详细信息请参阅 `curl` 的 man 页 ][3]。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-curl-command-with-proxy-username-password-http-options/
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作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
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[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2016/01/curl-download-output-300x141.jpg
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[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2016/01/curl-download-output.jpg
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[3]:https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html
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