13 KiB
Translating by ZTinoZ 15 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 15.04 Desktop
This tutorial is intended for beginners and covers some basic steps on what to do after you have installed Ubuntu 15.04 “Vivid Vervet” Desktop version on your computer in order to customize the system and install basic programs for daily usage.
15 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 15.04
1. Enable Ubuntu Extra Repositories and Update the System
The first thing you should take care of after a fresh installation of Ubuntu is to enable Ubuntu Extra Repositories provided by official Canonical Partners and keep an up-to-date system with the last security patches and software updates.
In order to accomplish this step, open from the left Launcher System Settings -> Software and Updates utility and check all Ubuntu Software and Other Software (Canonical Partners) repositories. After you finish hit the Close button and wait for the utility to Reload the cache sources tree.
Software Updates
Other Software (Canonical Partners)
For a fast and smooth update process, open a Terminal and issue the following command in order to update the system using the new software repositories:
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Ubuntu Upgrade
2. Install Additional Drivers
In order for the system to scan and install additional hardware proprietary drivers, open Software and Updates utility from System Settings, go to Additional Drivers tab and wait for the utility to scan for drivers.
If some drivers matching your hardware are found, check the drivers you want to install and hit the Apply Changes button to install it. In case the proprietary drivers are not working as expected, uninstall them using the Revert button or check Do not use the device and Apply Changes.
Install Drivers
3. Install Synaptic and Gdebi Package Tools
Besides Ubuntu Software Center, Synaptic is a Graphical utility for apt command line through which you can manage repositories or install, remove, search, upgrade and configure software packages. Similar way, Gdebi has the same functionality for local .deb packages. To install this two package managers on your system issue the following command on Terminal:
$ sudo apt-get install synaptic gdebi
Install Synaptic and Gdebi
Synaptic Package Manager
4. Change System Appearance and Behavior
If you want to change Desktop Background or Launcher Icon Size, open System Settings –> Appearance –> Look and personalize the desktop. To move the menu to window title bar, enable workspaces and desktop icons or auto-hide the Launcher visit Behavior tab.
System Appearances
5. Improve System Security and Privacy
System Security Enhancement
System Security Options
5. Disable Unneeded Startup Applications
To improve system login speed, reveal hidden Startup Applications by issuing the below command on Terminal, open Startup Applications utility by searching it in Dash and uncheck the unneeded applications during login process.
$ sudo sed -i ‘s/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g’ /etc/xdg/autostart/*.desktop
Disable Unwanted Applications
6. Add Extended Multimedia Support
By default, Ubuntu comes with a minimal support for media files. In order to play various media formats or manipulate video files, install the following multimedia applications:
- VLC
- Smplayer
- Audacious
- QMMP
- Mixxx
- XBMC
- Handbrake
- Openshot
Use the following command line to install all with one shot:
$ sudo apt-get install vlc smplayer audacious qmmp mixxx xbmc handbrake openshot
Install Media Players
Media Player Playlist
Besides this multimedia players also install ubuntu-restricted-extras and Java support packages in order to decode and support other restricted media formats.
$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras openjdk-8-jdk
Install Ubuntu Extras
To enable DVD Playback and other multimedia codecs issue the following command on Terminal:
$ sudo apt-get install ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad lame libavcodec-extra
$ sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh
Enable Video Codes
7. Install Image Applications
If you are a photography enthusiast and you want to handle and manipulate images on Ubuntu, probably you want to install the following imaging programs:
- GIMP (alternative for Adobe Photoshop)
- Darktable
- Rawtherapee
- Pinta
- Shotwell
- Inkscape (alternative for Adobe Illustrator)
- Digikam
- Cheese
This applications can be installed from Ubuntu Software Center or all at once by using the following command line on Terminal:
$ sudo apt-get install gimp gimp-plugin-registry gimp-data-extras darktable rawtherapee pinta shotwell inkscape
Install Image Applications
Rawtherapee Tool
8. Install Media Burners
To mount ISO images or burn a CDs or a DVD, you can choose and install from the following software:
-
Brasero Disk Burner
-
K3b
-
Xfburn
-
Furius ISO Mount
$ sudo apt-get install brasero $ sudo apt-get install k3b $ sudo apt-get install xfburn $ sudo apt-get install furiusisomount
Install Media Burners
9. Install Archive Applications
To handle most of archive formatted files (zip, tar.gz, zip, 7zip rar etc) install the following packages by issuing the below command:
$ sudo apt-get install unace unrar zip unzip p7zip-full p7zip-rar sharutils rar uudeview mpack arj cabextract file-roller
Install Archive Applications
10. Install Chat Application
If you want to talk to people all over the world, here is a list of the most popular chat applications for Linux:
- Pidgin
- Skype
- Xchat
- Telegram
- aMSN
- Viber
You can install most of them from Ubuntu Software Center or by using the command line:
$ sudo apt-get install pidgin
$ sudo apt-get install skype
$ sudo apt-get install xchat
$ sudo apt-get install amsn
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/telegram -y
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install telegram
Install Chat Applications
To install Viber application on Ubuntu visit Viber official webpage, download the Debian package locally and install the viber.deb application using Gdebi package manager (left click – > Open with -> GDebi Package Installer).
Install Viber
11. Install Torrent Software
The most popular torrent applications and peer-to-peer file sharing programs for Ubuntu are:
- Deluge
- Transmission
- Qbittorrent
- LinuxDC++
To install your favorite peer-to-peer file sharing application on Ubuntu issue the following command on Terminal.
$ sudo apt-get install deluge
$ sudo apt-get install transmission
$ sudo apt-get install qbittorrent
$ sudo apt-get install linuxdcpp
Install Torrent
12. Install Windows Emulator -Wine and Gaming Support – Steam
Wine emulator allows you to install and run Windows applications on Linux. On the other hand, Steam is a popular gaming platform for Linux based systems developed by Valve. To install both of them on your machine issue the following command on Terminal or use Ubuntu Software Center.
$ sudo apt-get install steam wine winetricks
Install Wine
13. Install Cairo-Dock and Enable Desktop Visual Effects
Cairo-Dock is a beautiful and flexible launcher bar for Linux desktops similar to the Mac OS X dock. To install it on Ubuntu, run the following command on Terminal.
$ sudo apt-get install cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins
Install Cairo Dock
Add Cairo Dock at Startup
To enable a set of Desktop Effects, such as Cube effect, install Compiz package with the following command:
$ sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins-extra
To activate the Desktop Cube effect, search for ccsm on Dash, open CompizConfig Settings Manager, go to General Options – > Desktop Size and set Horizontal Virtual Size value to 4 and Vertical Virtual Size to 1. Then go back and check Desktop Cube (Disable Desktop Wall) and Rotate Cube boxes (Resolve Conflicts ->Disable Switch to Viewport 1) and press Ctrl+Alt+Left Mouse Click to view the cube effect.
Enable Compiz
Compiz Settings
Compiz Settings Addons
Desktop Window Rotating
14. Add Extra Browser Support
Ubuntu 15.04 comes by default with Mozilla Firefox Web Browser. To install other browsers such as Google Chrome or Opera, visit their official web pages, download the provided .deb packages and install them on your system using the Gdebi Package Installer.
Enable Browser Support
Opera Browser Support
To install Chromium Open Source browser issue the following command on Terminal.
$ sudo apt-get install chromium-browser
15. Install Tweak Tools
Want extra applications for customizing Ubuntu? Then install Unity Tweak Tool and Gnome Tweak Tool by issuing the following commands on Terminal.
$ sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool gnome-tweak-tool
Install Tweak Tool
Tweak Tool Settings
Another interesting tweak tool is represented by the Ubuntu Tweak package which can be obtained and installed by visiting the webpage: http://ubuntu-tweak.com/.
Tweak Tool: System Information
After you have installed all this bunch of software, you might want to clean your system in order to free some space on the hard drive, by issuing the following commands:
$ sudo apt-get -y autoremove
$ sudo apt-get -y autoclean
$ sudo apt-get -y clean
This are just a few tweaks and programs that an average user might install and use on Ubuntu 15.04 Desktop for daily basic utilization. For more advanced programs, features and utilities use Ubuntu Software Center or consult Ubuntu Wiki webpage.
via: http://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-15-04-desktop/
作者：Matei Cezar 译者：译者ID 校对：校对者ID