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153 lines
6.8 KiB
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153 lines
6.8 KiB
Markdown
如何在Linux中用命令行工具管理KVM虚拟环境
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在我们[KVM系列专题][1]的第四部分，我们将会一起讨论下在命令行界面下来管理KVM环境。我们分别用‘virt-install’和virsh命令行工具来创建并配置虚拟机和存储池，用qemu-img命令行工具来创建并管理磁盘映像。
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Linux系统的KVM管理
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在这篇文章里没有什么新的概念，我们只是用命令行工具重复之前所做过的事情，也没有什么前提条件，都是相同的过程，之前的文章我们都讨论过。
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### 第一步: 配置存储池 ###
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Virsh命令行工具是一款管理virsh客户域的用户界面。virsh程序能在命令行中运行所给的命令以及它的参数。
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本节中，我们要用它给我们的KVM环境创建存储池。想知道关于这个工具的更多信息，用以下这条命令。
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# man virsh
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**1. 用virsh带pool-define-as的命令来定义新的存储池，你需要指定名字、类型和类型参数。**
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本例中，我们将名字取为Spool1，类型为目录。默认情况下你可以提供五个参数给该类型：
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- source-host
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- source-path
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- source-dev
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- source-name
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- target
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对于目录类型，我们需要用最后一个参数“target”来指定存储池的路径，其它参数项我们可以用“-”来填充。
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# virsh pool-define-as Spool1 dir - - - - "/mnt/personal-data/SPool1/"
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创建新存储池
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**2. 查看环境中我们所有的存储池，用以下命令。**
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# virsh pool-list --all
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列出所有存储池
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**3. 现在是时候来构造存储池了，用以下命令来构造我们刚才定义的存储池。**
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# virsh pool-build Spool1
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构造存储池
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**4. 用virsh带pool-start的命令来激活并启动我们刚才创建并构造完成的存储池。**
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# virsh pool-start Spool1
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激活存储池
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**5. 查看环境中存储池的状态，用以下命令。**
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# virsh pool-list --all
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查看存储池状态
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你会发现Spool1的状态变成了已激活。
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**6. 对Spool1进行配置，让它每次都能被libvirtd服务自启动。**
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# virsh pool-autostart Spool1
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配置KVM存储池
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**7. 最后来看看我们新的存储池的信息吧。**
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# virsh pool-info Spool1
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查看KVM存储池信息
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恭喜你，Spool1已经准备好待命，接下来我们试着创建存储卷来使用它。
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### 第二步: 配置存储卷/磁盘映像 ###
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现在轮到磁盘映像了，using qemu-img to create new disk image from Spool1. For more details about qemy-img, use the man page.
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# man qemu-img
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**8. We should specify the qemu-img command “create, check,….etc”, disk image format, the path of disk image you want to create and the size.**
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# qemu-img create -f raw /mnt/personal-data/SPool1/SVol1.img 10G
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Create Storage Volume
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**9. By using qemu-img command info, you could get information about your new disk image.**
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Check Storage Volume Information
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**Warning**: Never use qemu-img to modify images in use by a running virtual machine or any other process; this may destroy the image.
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Now its time to create virtual machines in the next step.
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### 第三步: 创建虚拟机 ###
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**10. Now with the last and latest part, we will create virtual machines using virt-istall. The virt-install is a command line tool for creating new KVM virtual machines using the “libvirt” hypervisor management library. For more details about it, use:**
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# man virt-install
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To create new KVM virtual machine, you need to use the following command with all the details like shown in the below.
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- Name: Virtual Machine’s name.
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- Disk Location: Location of disk image.
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- Graphics : How to connect to VM “Usually be SPICE”.
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- vcpu : Number of virtual CPU’s.
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- ram : Amount of allocated memory in megabytes.
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- Location : Specify the installation source path.
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- Network : Specify the virtual network “Usually be vibr00 bridge”.
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# virt-install --name=rhel7 --disk path=/mnt/personal-data/SPool1/SVol1.img --graphics spice --vcpu=1 --ram=1024 --location=/run/media/dos/9e6f605a-f502-4e98-826e-e6376caea288/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso --network bridge=virbr0
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Create New Virtual Machine
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**11. You will find also a pop-up virt-vierwer window appears to communicate with virtual machine through it.**
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Booting Virtual Machine
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Installation of Virtual Machine
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### 结论 ###
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This is the latest part of our KVM tutorial, we haven’t covered everything of course. It a shot to scratch the KVM environment so its your turn to search and keep hands dirty using this nice resources.
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- [KVM Getting Started Guide][2]
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- [KVM Virtualization Deployment and Administration Guide][3]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/kvm-management-tools-to-manage-virtual-machines/
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作者：[Mohammad Dosoukey][a]
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译者：[ZTinoZ](https://github.com/ZTinoZ)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/dos2009/
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-configure-kvm-in-linux/
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[2]:https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html
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[3]:https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html
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