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138 lines
7.1 KiB
Markdown
OpenVAS:Kali Linux 中的漏洞评估工具
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============================================================
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本教程将介绍在 Kali Linux 中安装 OpenVAS 8.0 的过程。 OpenVAS 是一个可以自动执行网络安全审核和漏洞评估的开源[漏洞评估][6]程序。请注意,漏洞评估(Vulnerability Assessment)也称为 VA 并不是渗透测试(penetration test),渗透测试会进一步验证是否存在发现的漏洞,请参阅[什么是渗透测试][7]来对渗透测试的构成以及不同类型的安全测试有一个了解。
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### 什么是 Kali Linux?
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Kali Linux 是 Linux 渗透测试分发版。它基于 Debian,并且预安装了许多常用的渗透测试工具,例如 Metasploit Framework (MSF)和其他通常在安全评估期间由渗透测试人员使用的命令行工具。
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在大多数使用情况下,Kali 运行在虚拟机中,你可以在这里获取最新的 VMWare 或 Vbox 镜像:[https://www.offensive-security.com/kali-linux-vmware-virtualbox-image-download/][8] 。
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除非你有特殊的原因想要一个更小的虚拟机占用空间,否则请下载完整版本而不是 Kali light。 下载完成后,你需要解压文件并打开 vbox 或者 VMWare .vmx 文件,虚拟机启动后,默认帐号是 `root`/`toor`。请将 root 密码更改为安全的密码。
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或者,你可以下载 ISO 版本,并在裸机上执行 Kali 的安装。
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### 升级 Kali Linux
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完成安装后,为 Kail Linux 执行一次完整的升级。
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升级 Kali:
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```
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apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade -y
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```
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[
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![Updating Kali Linux](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/kali-apt-get-update-dist-upgrade.png)
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][9]
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更新过程可能需要一些时间才能完成。Kali 目前是滚动更新,这意味着你可以从任何版本的 Kali 滚动更新到当前版本。然而它仍有发布号,但这些是针对特定 Kali 时间点版本的 VMWare 快照。你可以从任何 VMWare 镜像更新到当前的稳定版本。
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更新完成后重新启动。
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### 安装 OpenVAS 8
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[
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![Installing OpenVAS 8](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/kali-install-openvas-vulnerability-assessment.png)
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][10]
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```
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apt-get install openvas
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openvas-setup
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```
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在安装中,你会被询问关于 redis 的问题,选择默认选项来以 UNIX 套接字运行。
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[
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![Configure OpenVAS Scanner](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/openvas-vulnerability-scanner-enable-redis.png)
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][11]
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即使是有快速的网络连接,openvas-setup 仍需要很长时间来下载和更新所有所需的 CVE、SCAP 定义。
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[
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![Update all the required CVE, SCAP definitions](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/openvas-vulnerability-scanner-install-2.png)
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][12]
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请注意 openvas-setup 的命令输出,密码会在安装过程中生成,并在安装的最后在控制台中打印出来。
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[
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![Command output during install](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/openvas-vulnerability-scanner-install-complete.png)
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][13]
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验证 openvas 正在运行:
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```
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netstat -tulpn
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```
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[
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![Check OpenVAS Status](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/openvas-running-netstat.png)
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][14]
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### 在 Kali 中运行 OpenVAS
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要在 Kali 中启动 OpenVAS:
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```
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openvas-start
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```
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安装后,你应该可以通过 `https://127.0.0.1:9392` 访问 OpenVAS 的 web 程序了。
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[
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![OpenVAS started](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/openvas-self-signed-certificate.png)
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][5]
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接受自签名证书,并使用 openvas-setup 输出的 admin 凭证和密码登录程序。
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[
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![Accept the self-signed SSL cert](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/accept-openvas-self-signed-certificate.png)
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][15]
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接受自签名证书后,你应该可以看到登录界面了。
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[
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![OpenVAS Login](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/openvas-login-screen.png)
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][16]
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登录后,你应该可以看到下面的页面:
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[
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![OpenVAS Dashboard](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/openvas-menu.png)
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][17]
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从此,你应该可以使用向导配置自己的漏洞扫描了。
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我建议阅读文档。请注意漏洞评估导向(取决于 OpenVAS 可能尝试利用的配置)及其在网络上生成的流量以及网络上可能对服务/服务器和主机/设备产生的 DOS 影响。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/openvas-vulnerability-assessment-install-on-kali-linux/
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作者:[KJS][a]
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译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/openvas-vulnerability-assessment-install-on-kali-linux/
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[1]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/openvas-vulnerability-assessment-install-on-kali-linux/#what-is-kali-linux
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[2]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/openvas-vulnerability-assessment-install-on-kali-linux/#updating-kali-linux
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[3]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/openvas-vulnerability-assessment-install-on-kali-linux/#installing-openvas-
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[4]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/openvas-vulnerability-assessment-install-on-kali-linux/#start-openvas-on-kali
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[5]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/big/openvas-self-signed-certificate.png
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[6]:https://www.aptive.co.uk/vulnerability-assessment/
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[7]:https://www.aptive.co.uk/penetration-testing/
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[8]:https://www.offensive-security.com/kali-linux-vmware-virtualbox-image-download/
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[9]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/big/kali-apt-get-update-dist-upgrade.png
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[10]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/big/kali-install-openvas-vulnerability-assessment.png
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[11]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/big/openvas-vulnerability-scanner-enable-redis.png
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[12]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/big/openvas-vulnerability-scanner-install-2.png
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[13]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/big/openvas-vulnerability-scanner-install-complete.png
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[14]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/big/openvas-running-netstat.png
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[15]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/big/accept-openvas-self-signed-certificate.png
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[16]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/big/openvas-login-screen.png
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[17]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/openvas_vulnerability_assessment_install_on_kali_linux/big/openvas-menu.png
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