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5.4 KiB
Markdown
121 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
试试Linux下的ip命令,ifconfig已经过时了
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================================================================================
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linux的**ip**命令和**ifconfig**类似,但前者功能更强大,并旨在取代后者。使用ip命令,只需一个命令,你就能很轻松地执行一些网络管理任务。ifconfig是net-tools中已被废弃使用的一个命令,许多年前就已经没有维护了。iproute2套件里提供了许多增强功能的命令,ip命令即是其中之一。
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![Net tools vs Iproute2](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Linux-Nettools-vs-Iproute2.png)
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要安装ip,请[点击这里][1]下载**iproute2套装工具** 。不过,大多数Linux发行版已经预装了iproute2工具。
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你也可以使用git命令来下载最新源代码来编译:
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$ git clone https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shemminger/iproute2.git
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![iproute2 git clone](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/iproute2-git-clone.png)
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### 设置和删除Ip地址 ###
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要给你的机器设置一个IP地址,可以使用下列ip命令:
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$ sudo ip addr add 192.168.0.193/24 dev wlan0
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请注意IP地址要有一个后缀,比如/24。这种用法用于在无类域内路由选择(CIDR)中来显示所用的子网掩码。在这个例子中,子网掩码是255.255.255.0。
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在你按照上述方式设置好IP地址后,需要查看是否已经生效。
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$ ip addr show wlan0
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![set ip address](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/set-ip-address.png)
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你也可以使用相同的方式来删除IP地址,只需用del代替add。
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$ sudo ip addr del 192.168.0.193/24 dev wlan0
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![delete ip address](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/delete-ip-address.png)
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### 列出路由表条目 ###
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ip命令的路由对象的参数还可以帮助你查看网络中的路由数据,并设置你的路由表。第一个条目是默认的路由条目,你可以随意改动它。
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在这个例子中,有几个路由条目。这个结果显示有几个设备通过不同的网络接口连接起来。它们包括WIFI、以太网和一个点对点连接。
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$ ip route show
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![ip route show](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-show.png)
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假设现在你有一个IP地址,你需要知道路由包从哪里来。可以使用下面的路由选项(译注:列出了路由所使用的接口等):
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$ ip route get 10.42.0.47
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![ip route get](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-get.png)
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### 更改默认路由 ###
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要更改默认路由,使用下面ip命令:
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$ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.0.196
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![default route](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/default-route.png)
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### 显示网络统计数据 ###
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使用ip命令还可以显示不同网络接口的统计数据。
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![ip statistics all interfaces](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-statistics-all-interfaces.png)
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当你需要获取一个特定网络接口的信息时,在网络接口名字后面添加选项**ls**即可。使用多个选项**-s**会给你这个特定接口更详细的信息。特别是在排除网络连接故障时,这会非常有用。
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$ ip -s -s link ls p2p1
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![ip link statistics](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-link-statistics-.png)
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### ARP条目 ###
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地址解析协议(ARP)用于将一个IP地址转换成它对应的物理地址,也就是通常所说的MAC地址。使用ip命令的neigh或者neighbour选项,你可以查看接入你所在的局域网的设备的MAC地址。
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$ ip neighbour
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![ip neighbour](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-neighbour.png)
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### 监控netlink消息 ###
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也可以使用ip命令查看netlink消息。monitor选项允许你查看网络设备的状态。比如,所在局域网的一台电脑根据它的状态可以被分类成REACHABLE或者STALE。使用下面的命令:
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$ ip monitor all
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![ip monitor all](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-monitor-all.png)
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### 激活和停止网络接口 ###
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你可以使用ip命令的up和down选项来激某个特定的接口,就像ifconfig的用法一样。
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在这个例子中,当ppp0接口被激活和在它被停止和再次激活之后,你可以看到相应的路由表条目。这个接口可能是wlan0或者eth0。将ppp0更改为你可用的任意接口即可。
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$ sudo ip link set ppp0 down
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$ sudo ip link set ppp0 up
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![ip link set up and down](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-link-set-up-and-down.png)
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### 获取帮助 ###
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当你陷入困境,不知道某一个特定的选项怎么用的时候,你可以使用help选项。man页面并不会提供许多关于如何使用ip选项的信息,因此这里就是获取帮助的地方。
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比如,想知道关于route选项更多的信息:
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$ ip route help
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![ip route help](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-help.png)
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### 小结 ###
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对于网络管理员们和所有的Linux使用者们,ip命令是必备工具。是时候抛弃ifconfig命令了,特别是当你写脚本时。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/use-ip-command-linux/
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译者:[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.linuxgrill.com/anonymous/iproute2/NEW-OSDL/ |