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68 lines
2.2 KiB
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68 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
grep 命令系列：从文件中搜索并显示文件名
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我怎样从几个文件中搜索（grep），并只显示匹配到的文件的文件名？
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当你从不止一个的文件中搜索时，默认它将显示文件名：
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grep "word" 文件名
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grep root /etc/*
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示例输出：
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/etc/bash.bashrc: See "man sudo_root" for details.
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/etc/crontab:17 * * * * root cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
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/etc/crontab:25 6 * * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily )
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/etc/crontab:47 6 * * 7 root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly )
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/etc/crontab:52 6 1 * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly )
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/etc/group:root:x:0:
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grep: /etc/gshadow: Permission denied
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/etc/logrotate.conf: create 0664 root utmp
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/etc/logrotate.conf: create 0660 root utmp
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每行开始的第一个部分是文件名（如：/etc/crontab、/etc/group）。使用 -l 选项可以只显示文件名：
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grep -l "string" filename
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grep -l root /etc/*
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示例输出：
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/etc/aliases
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/etc/arpwatch.conf
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grep: /etc/at.deny: Permission denied
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/etc/bash.bashrc
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/etc/bash_completion
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/etc/ca-certificates.conf
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/etc/crontab
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/etc/group
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你也可以逆转输出；使用 -L 选项来输出**那些不匹配的文件的文件名**：
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grep -L "word" filename
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grep -L root /etc/*
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示例输出：
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/etc/apm
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/etc/apparmor
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/etc/apparmor.d
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/etc/apport
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/etc/apt
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/etc/avahi
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/etc/bash_completion.d
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/etc/bindresvport.blacklist
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/etc/blkid.conf
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/etc/bluetooth
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/etc/bogofilter.cf
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/etc/bonobo-activation
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/etc/brlapi.key
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/grep-from-files-and-display-the-file-name/
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作者：Vivek Gite
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 |