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177 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
如何使用 Apache 控制命令检查它的模块是否已经启用或加载
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============================================================
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本篇中,我们会简要地讨论 Apache 服务器前端以及如何列出或查看已经启用的 Apache 模块。
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Apache 基于模块化的理念而构建,这样就可以让 web 管理员添加不同的模块来扩展主要的功能及[增强性能][5]。
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常见的 Apache 模块有:
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1. mod_ssl – 提供了 [HTTPS 功能][1]。
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2. mod_rewrite – 可以用正则表达式匹配 url 样式,并且使用 [.htaccess 技巧][2]来进行透明转发,或者提供 HTTP 状态码回应。
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3. mod_security – 用于[保护 Apache 免于暴力破解或者 DDoS 攻击][3]。
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4. mod_status - 用于[监测 Apache 的负载及页面统计][4]。
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在 Linux 中 `apachectl` 或者 `apache2ctl`用于控制 Apache 服务器,是 Apache 的前端。
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你可以用下面的命令显示 `apache2ctl` 的使用信息:
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```
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$ apache2ctl help
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或者
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$ apachectl help
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```
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```
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Usage: /usr/sbin/httpd [-D name] [-d directory] [-f file]
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[-C "directive"] [-c "directive"]
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[-k start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop]
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[-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-t] [-S]
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Options:
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-D name : define a name for use in directives
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-d directory : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot
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-f file : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile
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-C "directive" : process directive before reading config files
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-c "directive" : process directive after reading config files
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-e level : show startup errors of level (see LogLevel)
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-E file : log startup errors to file
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-v : show version number
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-V : show compile settings
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-h : list available command line options (this page)
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-l : list compiled in modules
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-L : list available configuration directives
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-t -D DUMP_VHOSTS : show parsed settings (currently only vhost settings)
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-S : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS
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-t -D DUMP_MODULES : show all loaded modules
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-M : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_MODULES
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-t : run syntax check for config files
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```
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`apache2ctl` 可以工作在两种模式下,SysV init 模式和直通模式。在 SysV init 模式下,`apache2ctl` 用如下的简单的单命令形式:
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```
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$ apachectl command
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或者
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$ apache2ctl command
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```
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比如要启动并检查它的状态,运行这两个命令。如果你是普通用户,使用 [sudo 命令][6]来以 root 用户权限来运行:
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```
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$ sudo apache2ctl start
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$ sudo apache2ctl status
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```
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```
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tecmint@TecMint ~ $ sudo apache2ctl start
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AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1\. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
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httpd (pid 1456) already running
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tecmint@TecMint ~ $ sudo apache2ctl status
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Apache Server Status for localhost (via 127.0.0.1)
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Server Version: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
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Server MPM: prefork
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Server Built: 2016-07-14T12:32:26
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Current Time: Tuesday, 15-Nov-2016 11:47:28 IST
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Restart Time: Tuesday, 15-Nov-2016 10:21:46 IST
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Parent Server Config. Generation: 2
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Parent Server MPM Generation: 1
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Server uptime: 1 hour 25 minutes 41 seconds
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Server load: 0.97 0.94 0.77
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Total accesses: 2 - Total Traffic: 3 kB
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CPU Usage: u0 s0 cu0 cs0
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.000389 requests/sec - 0 B/second - 1536 B/request
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1 requests currently being processed, 4 idle workers
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__W__...........................................................
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................................................................
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......................
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Scoreboard Key:
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"_" Waiting for Connection, "S" Starting up, "R" Reading Request,
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"W" Sending Reply, "K" Keepalive (read), "D" DNS Lookup,
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"C" Closing connection, "L" Logging, "G" Gracefully finishing,
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"I" Idle cleanup of worker, "." Open slot with no current process
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```
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当在直通模式下,`apache2ctl` 可以用下面的语法带上所有 Apache 的参数:
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```
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$ apachectl [apache-argument]
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$ apache2ctl [apache-argument]
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```
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可以用下面的命令列出所有的 Apache 参数:
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```
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$ apache2 help [在基于Debian的系统中]
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$ httpd help [在RHEL的系统中]
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```
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### 检查启用的 Apache 模块
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因此,为了检测你的 Apache 服务器启动了哪些模块,在你的发行版中运行适当的命令,`-t -D DUMP_MODULES` 是一个用于显示所有启用的模块的 Apache 参数:
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```
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--------------- 在基于 Debian 的系统中 ---------------
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$ apache2ctl -t -D DUMP_MODULES
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或者
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$ apache2ctl -M
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```
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```
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--------------- 在 RHEL 的系统中 ---------------
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$ apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES
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或者
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$ httpd -M
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$ apache2ctl -M
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```
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```
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[root@tecmint httpd]# apachectl -M
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Loaded Modules:
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core_module (static)
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mpm_prefork_module (static)
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http_module (static)
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so_module (static)
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auth_basic_module (shared)
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auth_digest_module (shared)
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authn_file_module (shared)
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authn_alias_module (shared)
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authn_anon_module (shared)
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authn_dbm_module (shared)
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authn_default_module (shared)
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authz_host_module (shared)
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authz_user_module (shared)
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authz_owner_module (shared)
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authz_groupfile_module (shared)
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authz_dbm_module (shared)
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authz_default_module (shared)
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ldap_module (shared)
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authnz_ldap_module (shared)
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include_module (shared)
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....
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```
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就是这样!在这篇简单的教程中,我们解释了如何使用 Apache 前端工具来列出启动的 apache 模块。记住你可以在下面的反馈表中给我们留下你的问题或者留言。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/check-apache-modules-enabled
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作者:[Aaron Kili][a]
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译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-lets-encrypt-ssl-certificate-to-secure-apache-on-rhel-centos/
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[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/apache-htaccess-tricks/
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[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/protect-apache-using-mod_security-and-mod_evasive-on-rhel-centos-fedora/
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[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/monitor-apache-web-server-load-and-page-statistics/
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[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/apache-performance-tuning/
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[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/su-vs-sudo-and-how-to-configure-sudo-in-linux/
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