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367 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (5 Ways To Generate A Random/Strong Password In Linux Terminal)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/5-ways-to-generate-a-random-strong-password-in-linux-terminal/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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5 Ways To Generate A Random/Strong Password In Linux Terminal
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======
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Recently we had written an article about **[password strength and password score check][1]** in our website.
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It will help you to validate your password strength and score.
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We can manually create few passwords which we required but if you would like to generate a password for multiple users or servers, what will be the solution.
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Yes, there are many utilities are available in Linux to fulfill this requirements. However, I’m going to include the best five password generators in this article.
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These tools are generates a strong random passwords for you. Navigate to the following article if you would like to update the password on multiple users and servers.
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These tools are easy to use, that’s why i preferred to go with it. By default it will generate a strong password and if you would like to generate a super strong password then use the available options.
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It will help you to generate a super strong password in the following combination. It should have minimum 12-15 characters length, that includes Alphabets (Lower case & Upper case), Numbers and Special Characters.
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These tools are below.
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* `pwgen:` The pwgen program generates passwords which are designed to be easily memorized by humans, while being as secure as possible.
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* `openssl:` The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various cryptography functions of OpenSSL’s crypto library from the shell.
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* `gpg:` OpenPGP encryption and signing tool
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* `mkpasswd:` generate new password, optionally apply it to a user
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* `makepasswd:` makepasswd generates true random passwords using /dev/urandom, with the emphasis on security over pronounceability.
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* `/dev/urandom file:` The character special files /dev/random and /dev/urandom (present since Linux 1.3.30) provide an interface to the kernel’s random number generator.
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* `md5sum:` md5sum is a computer program that calculates and verifies 128-bit MD5 hashes.
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* `sha256sum:` The program sha256sum is designed to verify data integrity using the SHA-256 (SHA-2 family with a digest length of 256 bits).
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* `sha1pass:` sha1pass creates a SHA1 password hash. In the absence of a salt value on the command line, a random salt vector will be generated.
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### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using pwgen Command?
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The pwgen program generates passwords which are designed to be easily memorized by humans, while being as secure as possible.
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Human-memorable passwords are never going to be as secure as completely completely random passwords.
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Use `-s` option to generate completely random, hard-to-memorize passwords. These should only be used for machine passwords as we can’t memorize.
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For **`Fedora`** system, use **[DNF Command][2]** to install pwgen.
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```
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$ sudo dnf install pwgen
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```
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For **`Debian/Ubuntu`** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install pwgen.
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```
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$ sudo apt install pwgen
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```
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For **`Arch Linux`** based systems, use **[Pacman Command][5]** to install pwgen.
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```
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$ sudo pacman -S pwgen
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```
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For **`RHEL/CentOS`** systems, use **[YUM Command][6]** to install pwgen.
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```
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$ sudo yum install pwgen
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```
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For **`openSUSE Leap`** system, use **[Zypper Command][7]** to install pwgen.
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```
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$ sudo zypper install pwgen
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```
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### How To Use pwgen Command In Linux?
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It’s a simple and straight forward method. Use one of the below preferred examples for you. By default, it generates a human memorable password.
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To do so, simple run the `pwgen` command on your terminal. It generates 160 passwords in a single shot. These 160 passwords are printer with 20 rows and 8 columns.
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```
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$ pwgen
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ameiK2oo aibi3Cha EPium0Ie aisoh1Ee Nidee9ae uNga0Bee uPh9ieM1 ahn1ooNg
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oc5ooTea tai7eKid tae2yieS hiecaiR8 wohY2Ohk Uab2maed heC4aXoh Ob6Nieso
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Shaeriu3 uy9Juk5u hoht7Doo Fah6yah3 faz9Jeew eKiek4ju as0Xuosh Eiwo4epo
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oot8teeZ Ui1yoohi Aechae7A Ohdi2ael cae5Thoh Au1aeTei ais0aiC2 Cai2quin
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Oox9ohz4 neev0Che ahza8AQu Ahz7eica meiBeeW0 Av3bo7ah quoiTu3f taeNg3ae
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Aiko7Aiz SheiGh8E aesaeSh7 haet6Loo AeTel3oN Ath7zeer IeYah4ie UG3ootha
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Ohch9Och Phuap6su iel5Xu7s diqui7Bu ieF2dier eeluHa1u Thagei0i Ceeth3oh
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OCei1ahj zei2aiYo Jahgh1ia ooqu1Cej eez2aiPo Wahd5soo noo7Mei9 Hie5ashe
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Uith4Or2 Xie3uh2b fuF9Eilu eiN2sha9 zae2YaSh oGh5ephi ohvao4Ae aixu6aeM
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fo4Ierah iephei6A hae9eeGa eiBeiY3g Aic8Kee9 he8AheCh ohM4bid9 eemae3Zu
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eesh2EiM cheiGa4j PooV2vii ahpeeg5E aezauX2c Xe7aethu Ahvaph7a Joh2heec
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Ii5EeShi aij7Uo8e ooy2Ahth mieKe2ni eiQuu8fe giedaQu0 eiPhob3E oox1uo2U
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eehia4Hu ga9Ahw0a ohxuZei7 eV4OoXio Kid2wu1n ku4Ahf5s uigh8uQu AhWoh0po
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vo1Eeb2u Ahth7ve5 ieje4eiL ieci1Ach Meephie9 iephieY8 Eesoom7u eakai2Bo
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uo8Ieche Zai3aev5 aGhahf0E Wowoo5th Oraeb0ah Gah3nah0 ieGhah0p aeCh0OhJ
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ahQu2feZ ahQu0gah foik7Ush cei1Wai1 Aivi3ooY eephei5U MooZae3O quooRoh7
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aequae5U pae6Ceiv eizahF1k ohmi7ETa ahyaeK1N Mohw2no8 ooc8Oone coo7Ieve
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eePhei9h Weequ8eV Vie4iezu neeMiim4 ie6aiZoh Queegh2E shahwi3N Inichie8
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Sid1aeji mohj4Ko7 lieDi0pe Zeemah6a thuevu2E phi4Ohsh paiKeix1 ooz1Ceph
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ahV4yore ue2laePh fu1eThui qui7aePh Fahth1nu ohk9puLo aiBeez0b Neengai5
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```
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To generate a secure random password, use `-s` option with pwgen command.
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```
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$ pwgen -s
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CU75lgZd 7HzzKgtA 2ktBJDpR F6XJVhBs UjAm3bNL zO7Dw7JJ pxn8fUvp Ka3lLilG
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ywJX7iJl D9ajxb6N 78c1HOg2 g8vtWCra Jp6pBGBw oYuev9Vl gbA6gHV8 G6XQoVO5
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uQN98IU4 50GgQfrX FrTsou2t YQorO4x6 UGer8Yi2 O7DB5nw1 1ax370UR 1xVRPkA1
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RVaGDr2i Nt11ekUd 9Vm3D244 ck8Lnpd0 SjDt8uWn 5ERT4tf8 4EONFzyY Jc6T83jg
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WZa6bKPW H4HMo1YU bsDDRik3 gBwV7LOW 9H1QRQ4x 3Ak7RcSe IJu2RBF9 e508xrLC
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SzTrW191 AslxDa6E IkWWov2b iOb6EmTy qHt82OwG 5ZFO7B53 97zmjOPu A4KZuhYV
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uQpoJR4D 0eKyOiUr Rz96smeO 3HTABu3N 6W0VmEls uPsp5zpw 8UD3VkMG YTct6Rd4
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VKo0cVmq E07ZX7j9 kQSlvA69 Nm3fpv3i xWvF2xMu yEfcw8uA oQGVX3l9 grTzx7Xj
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s4GVEYtM uJl5sYMe n3icRPiY ED3Mup4B k3M9KHI7 IkxqoSM0 dt2cxmMU yb2tUkut
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2Q9wGZQx 8Rpo11s9 I13siOHu 7GV64Fjv 3VONzD8i SCDfVD3F oiPTx239 6BQakoiJ
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XUEokiC4 ybL7VGmL el2RfvWk zKc7CLcE 3FqNBSyA NjDWrvZ5 KI3NSX4h VFyo6VPr
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h4q3XeqZ FDYMoX6f uTU5ZzU3 6u4ob4Ep wiYPt05n CZga66qh upzH6Z9y RuVcqbe8
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taQv11hq 1xsY67a8 EVo9GLXA FCaDLGb1 bZyh0YN8 0nTKo0Qy RRVUwn9t DuU8mwwv
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x96LWpCb tFLz3fBG dNb4gCKf n6VYcOiH 1ep6QYFZ x8kaJtrY 56PDWuW6 1R0If4kV
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2XK0NLQK 4XQqhycl Ip08cn6c Bnx9z2Bz 7gjGlON7 CJxLR1U4 mqMwir3j ovGXWu0z
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MfDjk5m8 4KwM9SAN oz0fZ5eo 5m8iRtco oP5BpLh0 Z5kvwr1W f34O2O43 hXao1Sp8
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tKoG5VNI f13fuYvm BQQn8MD3 bmFSf6Mf Z4Y0o17U jT4wO1DG cz2clBES Lr4B3qIY
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ArKQRND6 8xnh4oIs nayiK2zG yWvQCV3v AFPlHSB8 zfx5bnaL t5lFbenk F2dIeBr4
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C6RqDQMy gKt28c9O ZCi0tQKE 0Ekdjh3P ox2vWOMI 14XF4gwc nYA0L6tV rRN3lekn
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lmwZNjz1 4ovmJAr7 shPl9o5f FFsuNwj0 F2eVkqGi 7gw277RZ nYE7gCLl JDn05S5N
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```
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If you would like to generate a strong five passwords with 14 characters length, use the following format.
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```
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$ pwgen -s 14 5
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7YxUwDyfxGVTYD em2NT6FceXjPfT u8jlrljbrclcTi IruIX3Xu0TFXRr X8M9cB6wKNot1e
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```
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If you really want to generate a super strong random twenty passwords, use the following format.
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```
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$ pwgen -cnys 14 20
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mQ3E=vfGfZ,5[B #zmj{i5|ZS){jg Ht_8i7OqJ%N`~2 443fa5iJ\W-L?] ?Qs$o=vz2vgQBR
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^'Ry0Az|J9p2+0 t2oA/n7U_'|QRx EsX*%_(4./QCRJ ACr-,8yF9&eM[* !Xz1C'bw?tv50o
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8hfv-fK(VxwQGS q!qj?sD7Xmkb7^ N#Zp\_Y2kr%!)~ 4*pwYs{bq]Hh&Y |4u=-Q1!jS~8=;
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]{$N#FPX1L2B{h I|01fcK.z?QTz" l~]JD_,W%5bp.E +i2=D3;BQ}p+$I n.a3,.D3VQ3~&i
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```
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### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using openssl Command?
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The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various cryptography functions of OpenSSL’s crypto library from the shell.
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Run the openssl command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters.
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```
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$ openssl rand -base64 14
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WjzyDqdkWf3e53tJw/c=
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```
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If you would like to generate ten random strong password with 14 characters using openssl command then use the following for loop.
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```
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$ for pw in {1..10}; do openssl rand -base64 14; done
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6i0hgHDBi3ohZ9Mil8I=
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gtn+y1bVFJFanpJqWaA=
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rYu+wy+0nwLf5lk7TBA=
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xrdNGykIzxaKDiLF2Bw=
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cltejRkDPdFPC/zI0Pg=
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G6aroK6d4xVVYFTrZGs=
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jJEnFoOk1+UTSx/wJrY=
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TFxVjBmLx9aivXB3yxE=
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oQtOLPwTuO8df7dIv9I=
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ktpBpCSQFOD+5kIIe7Y=
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```
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### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using gpg Command?
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gpg is the OpenPGP part of the GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG). It is a tool to provide digital encryption and signing services using the OpenPGP standard. gpg features complete key management and all the bells and whistles you would expect from a full OpenPGP implementation.
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Run the gpg command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters.
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```
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$ gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14
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or
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$ gpg2 --gen-random --armor 1 14
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jq1mtY4gBa6gIuJrggM=
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```
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If you would like to generate ten random strong password with 14 characters using gpg command then use the following for loop.
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```
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$ for pw in {1..10}; do gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14; done
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or
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$ for pw in {1..10}; do gpg2 --gen-random --armor 1 14; done
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F5ZzLSUMet2kefG6Ssc=
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8hh7BFNs8Qu0cnrvHrY=
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B+PEt28CosR5xO05/sQ=
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m21bfx6UG1cBDzVGKcE=
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wALosRXnBgmOC6+++xU=
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TGpjT5xRxo/zFq/lNeg=
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ggsKxVgpB/3aSOY15W4=
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iUlezWxL626CPc9omTI=
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pYb7xQwI1NTlM2rxaCg=
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eJjhtA6oHhBrUpLY4fM=
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```
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### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using mkpasswd Command?
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mkpasswd generates passwords and can apply them automatically to users. With no arguments, mkpasswd returns a new password. It’s part of an expect package so, you have to install expect package to use mkpasswd command.
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For **`Fedora`** system, use **[DNF Command][2]** to install mkpasswd.
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```
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$ sudo dnf install expect
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```
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For **`Debian/Ubuntu`** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mkpasswd.
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```
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$ sudo apt install expect
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```
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For **`Arch Linux`** based systems, use **[Pacman Command][5]** to install mkpasswd.
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```
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$ sudo pacman -S expect
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```
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For **`RHEL/CentOS`** systems, use **[YUM Command][6]** to install mkpasswd.
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```
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$ sudo yum install expect
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```
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For **`openSUSE Leap`** system, use **[Zypper Command][7]** to install mkpasswd.
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```
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$ sudo zypper install expect
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```
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Run the `mkpasswd` command in terminal to generate a random password.
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```
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$ mkpasswd
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37_slQepD
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```
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Run the mkpasswd command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters.
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```
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$ mkpasswd -l 14
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W1qP1uv=lhghgh
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```
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Run the mkpasswd command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters. It combinations of alphabetic (Lower & Upper case), Numeric number and special characters.
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```
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$ mkpasswd -l 14 -d 3 -C 3 -s 3
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3aad!bMWG49"t,
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```
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If you would like to generate ten random strong password with 14 characters (It combination of alphabetic (Lower & Upper case), Numeric number and special characters) using mkpasswd command then use the following for loop.
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```
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$ for pw in {1..10}; do mkpasswd -l 14 -d 3 -C 3 -s 3; done
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zmSwP[q9;P1r6[
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E42zcvzM"i3%B\
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8}1#[email protected]
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0X:zB(mmU22?nj
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0sqqL44M}ko(O^
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43tQ(.6jG;ceRq
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-jB6cp3x1GZ$e=
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$of?Rj9kb2N(1J
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9HCf,nn#gjO79^
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Tu9m56+Ev_Yso(
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```
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### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using makepasswd Command?
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makepasswd generates true random passwords using /dev/urandom, with the emphasis on security over pronounceability. It can also encrypt plaintext passwords given on the command line.
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Run the `makepasswd` command in terminal to generate a random password.
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```
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$ makepasswd
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HdCJafVaN
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```
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Run the makepasswd command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters.
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```
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$ makepasswd --chars 14
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HxJDv5quavrqmU
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```
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Run the makepasswd command with the following format to generate ten random strong password with 14 characters.
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```
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$ makepasswd --chars 14 --count 10
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TqmKVWnRGeoVNr
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mPV2P98hLRUsai
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MhMXPwyzYi2RLo
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dxMGgLmoFpYivi
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8p0G7JvJjd6qUP
|
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7SmX95MiJcQauV
|
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KWzrh5npAjvNmL
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oHPKdq1uA9tU85
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V1su9GjU2oIGiQ
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M2TMCEoahzLNYC
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```
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### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using Multiple Commands?
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Still if you are looking other options then you can use the following utilities to generate a random password in Linux.
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**Using md5sum:** md5sum is a computer program that calculates and verifies 128-bit MD5 hashes.
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```
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$ date | md5sum
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9baf96fb6e8cbd99601d97a5c3acc2c4 -
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```
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**Using /dev/urandom:** The character special files /dev/random and /dev/urandom (present since Linux 1.3.30) provide an interface to the kernel’s random number generator. File /dev/random has major device number 1 and minor device number 8. File /dev/urandom has major device number 1 and minor device number 9.
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```
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$ cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | head -c 14
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15LQB9J84Btnzz
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```
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**Using sha256sum:** The program sha256sum is designed to verify data integrity using the SHA-256 (SHA-2 family with a digest length of 256 bits).
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```
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$ date | sha256sum
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a114ae5c458ae0d366e1b673d558d921bb937e568d9329b525cf32290478826a -
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```
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**Using sha1pass:** sha1pass creates a SHA1 password hash. In the absence of a salt value on the command line, a random salt vector will be generated.
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```
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$ sha1pass
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$4$9+JvykOv$e7U0jMJL2yBOL+RVa2Eke8SETEo$
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/5-ways-to-generate-a-random-strong-password-in-linux-terminal/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-password-complexity-strength-and-score-in-linux/
|
||
[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-system/
|
||
[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
|
||
[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
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[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/pacman-command-examples-manage-packages-arch-linux-system/
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[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/
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[7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/zypper-command-examples-manage-packages-opensuse-system/
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