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165 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
165 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
容器：在 Ubuntu 16.04 中使用 Docker Compose
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============================================================
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[][3]
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### 什么是 Docker Compose
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[Docker Compose][4] 是一个运行多容器 Docker 应用的工具。Compose 通过一个配置文件来配置一个应用的服务，然后通过一个命令创建并启动所有在配置文件中指定的服务。
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Docker Compose 适用于许多不同的项目，如：
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* **开发**：利用 Compose 命令行工具，我们可以创建一个隔离（可交互）的环境来承载正在开发中的应用程序。
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通过使用 [Compose 文件][2]，开发者可以记录和配置所有应用程序的服务依赖关系。
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* **自动测试**：此用例需求一个测试运行环境。Compose 提供了一种方便的方式来管理测试套件的隔离测试环境。完整的环境在 Compose 文件中定义。
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Docker Compose 是由[图][5]中的源码构建的，这个社区项目现在已经没有使用了。
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在本教程中，我们将看到如何在 Ubuntn 16.04 上安装 Docker Compose。
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### 安装 Docker
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我们需要安装 Docker 来安装 Docker Compose。首先为官方 Docker 仓库添加公钥。
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```
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$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add-
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```
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接下来，添加 Docker 仓库到 `apt` 源列表：
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```
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$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
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```
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更新包数据库，并使用 `apt` 安装 Docker
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```
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt install docker-ce
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```
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在安装进程结束后，Docker 守护程序应该已经启动并设为开机自启。我们可以通过下面的命令来查看它的状态：
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```
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$ sudo systemctl status docker
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---------------------------------
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● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
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Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
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Active: active (running)
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```
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### 安装 Docker Compose
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现在可以安装 Docker Compose 了。通过执行以下命令下载当前版本。
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```
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# curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.14.0/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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```
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为二进制文件添加执行权限：
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```
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# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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```
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检查 Docker Compose 版本：
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```
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$ docker-compose -v
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```
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输出应该如下：
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```
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docker-compose version 1.14.0, build c7bdf9e
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```
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### 测试 Docker Compose
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Docker Hub 包含了一个用于演示的 Hello World 镜像，可以用来说明使用 Docker Compose 来运行一个容器所需的配置。
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创建并打开一个目录：
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```
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$ mkdir hello-world
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$ cd hello-world
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```
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创建一个新的 YAML 文件：
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```
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$ $EDITOR docker-compose.yml
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```
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在文件中粘贴如下内容：
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```
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unixmen-compose-test:
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image: hello-world
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```
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_**注意:** 第一行是容器名称的一部分。_
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保存并退出。
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#### 运行容器
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接下来，在 `hello-world` 目录执行以下命令：
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```
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$ sudo docker-compose up
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```
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如果一切正常，Compose 输出应该如下：
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```
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Pulling unixmen-compose-test (hello-world:latest)...
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latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
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b04784fba78d: Pull complete
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Digest: sha256:f3b3b28a45160805bb16542c9531888519430e9e6d6ffc09d72261b0d26ff74f
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Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
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Creating helloworld_unixmen-compose-test_1 ...
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Creating helloworld_unixmen-compose-test_1 ... done
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Attaching to helloworld_unixmen-compose-test_1
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unixmen-compose-test_1 |
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | Hello from Docker!
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
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unixmen-compose-test_1 |
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | 1\. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | 2\. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | 3\. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | 4\. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | to your terminal.
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unixmen-compose-test_1 |
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
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unixmen-compose-test_1 |
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | https://cloud.docker.com/
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unixmen-compose-test_1 |
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | For more examples and ideas, visit:
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unixmen-compose-test_1 | https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/
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unixmen-compose-test_1 |
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helloworld_unixmen-compose-test_1 exited with code 0
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```
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Docker 容器只能在命令（译者注：此处应为容器中的命令）还处于活动状态时运行，因此当测试完成运行时，容器将停止运行。
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### 结论
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本文是关于在 Ubuntu 16.04 中安装 Docker Compose 的教程。我们还看到了如何通过一个 YAML 格式的 Compose 文件构建一个简单的项目。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.unixmen.com/container-docker-compose-ubuntu-16-04/
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作者：[ Giuseppe Molica][a]
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译者：[Locez](https://github.com/locez)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.unixmen.com/author/tutan/
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[1]:https://www.unixmen.com/author/tutan/
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[2]:https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/
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[3]:https://www.unixmen.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/docker-compose-logo.png
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[4]:https://docs.docker.com/compose/overview/
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[5]:http://www.fig.sh/
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