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247 lines
12 KiB
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Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat Commands
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================================================================================
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This is our on-going series of commands and performance monitoring in **Linux**. **Vmstat** and **Iostat** both commands are available on all major **Unix-like (Linux/Unix/FreeBSD/Solaris)** Operating Systems.
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If **vmstat** and **iostat** commands are not available on your box, please install **sysstat** package. The **vmstat**, **sar** and **iostat** commands are the collection of package included in **sysstat** – the system monitoring tools. The iostat generates reports of **CPU** & all device statistics. You may download and install **sysstat** using source tarball from link [sysstat][1], but we recommend installing through **YUM** command.
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Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat
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### Install Sysstat in Linux ###
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# yum -y install sysstat
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- **vmstat** – Summary information of Memory, Processes, Paging etc.
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- **iostat** – Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions.
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### 6 Vmstat Command Examples in Linux ###
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#### 1. List Active and Inactive Memory ####
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In the below example, there are six columns. The significant of the columns are explained in man page of **vmstat** in details. Most important fields are **free** under memory and **si**, **so** under swap column.
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[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat -a
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procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
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r b swpd free inact active si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
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1 0 0 810420 97380 70628 0 0 115 4 89 79 1 6 90 3 0
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- **Free** – Amount of free/idle memory spaces.
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- **si** – Swaped in every second from disk in Kilo Bytes.
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- **so** – Swaped out every second to disk in Kilo Bytes.
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**Note**: If you run **vmstat** without parameters it’ll displays summary report since system boot.
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#### 2. Execute vmstat ‘X’ seconds and (‘N’number of times) ####
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With this command, **vmstat** execute every two seconds and stop automatically after executing six intervals.
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[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat 2 6
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procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
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r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
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0 0 0 810420 22064 101368 0 0 56 3 50 57 0 3 95 2 0
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0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 16 35 0 0 100 0 0
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0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 14 35 0 0 100 0 0
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0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 38 0 0 100 0 0
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0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 35 0 0 100 0 0
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0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 18 36 0 1 100 0 0
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#### 3. Vmstat with timestamps ####
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**vmstat** command with **-t** parameter shows timestamps with every line printed as shown below.
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[tecmint@tecmint ~]$ vmstat -t 1 5
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procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ ---timestamp---
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r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
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0 0 0 632028 24992 192244 0 0 70 5 55 78 1 3 95 1 0 2012-09-02 14:57:18 IST
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1 0 0 632028 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 171 514 1 5 94 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:19 IST
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1 0 0 631904 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 195 600 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:20 IST
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0 0 0 631780 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 156 524 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:21 IST
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1 0 0 631656 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 189 592 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:22 IST
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#### 4. Statistics of Various Counter ####
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**vmstat** command and -s switch displays summary of various event counters and memory statistics.
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[tecmint@tecmint ~]$ vmstat -s
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1030800 total memory
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524656 used memory
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277784 active memory
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185920 inactive memory
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506144 free memory
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26864 buffer memory
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310104 swap cache
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2064376 total swap
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0 used swap
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2064376 free swap
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4539 non-nice user cpu ticks
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0 nice user cpu ticks
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11569 system cpu ticks
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329608 idle cpu ticks
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5012 IO-wait cpu ticks
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79 IRQ cpu ticks
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74 softirq cpu ticks
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0 stolen cpu ticks
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336038 pages paged in
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67945 pages paged out
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0 pages swapped in
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0 pages swapped out
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258526 interrupts
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392439 CPU context switches
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1346574857 boot time
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2309 forks
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#### 5. Disks Statistics ####
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**vmstat** with **-d** option display all disks statistics.
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[tecmint@tecmint ~]$ vmstat -d
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disk- ------------reads------------ ------------writes----------- -----IO------
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total merged sectors ms total merged sectors ms cur sec
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ram0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ram15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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loop0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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loop1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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loop2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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loop3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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loop4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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loop5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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loop6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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loop7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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sr0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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sda 7712 5145 668732 409619 3282 28884 257402 644566 0 126
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dm-0 11578 0 659242 1113017 32163 0 257384 8460026 0 126
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dm-1 324 0 2592 3845 0 0 0 0 0 2
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#### 6. Display Statistics in Megabytes ####
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The **vmstat** displays in **Megabytes** with parameters **-S** and **M**(Uppercase & megabytes). By default **vmstat** displays statistics in kilobytes.
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[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat -S M 1 5
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procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
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r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
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0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 95 8 42 55 0 2 96 2 0
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0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 12 15 0 0 100 0 0
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0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 32 62 0 0 100 0 0
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0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 15 13 0 0 100 0 0
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0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 34 61 0 1 99 0 0
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### 6 Iostat Command Examples in Linux ###
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#### 7. Display CPU and I/O statistics ####
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**iostat** without arguments displays **CPU** and **I/O** statistics of all partitions as shown below.
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[root@tecmint ~]# iostat
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Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (tecmint.com) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
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avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
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0.12 0.01 1.54 2.08 0.00 96.24
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Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
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sda 3.59 161.02 13.48 1086002 90882
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dm-0 5.76 159.71 13.47 1077154 90864
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dm-1 0.05 0.38 0.00 2576 0
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#### 8. Shows only CPU Statistics ####
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**iostat** with **-c** arguments displays only **CPU** statistics as shown below.
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[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -c
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Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (tecmint.com) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
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avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
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0.12 0.01 1.47 1.98 0.00 96.42
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#### 9. Shows only Disks I/O Statistics ####
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**iostat** with **-d** arguments displays only disks **I/O** statistics of all partitions as shown.
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[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -d
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Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (tecmint.com) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
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Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
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sda 3.35 149.81 12.66 1086002 91746
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dm-0 5.37 148.59 12.65 1077154 91728
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dm-1 0.04 0.36 0.00 2576 0
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#### 10. Shows I/O statistics only of a single device. ####
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By default it displays statistics of all partitions, with **-p** and device name arguments displays only disks **I/O** statistics for specific device only as shown.
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[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -p sda
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Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (tecmint.com) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
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avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
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0.11 0.01 1.44 1.92 0.00 96.52
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Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
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sda 3.32 148.52 12.55 1086002 91770
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sda1 0.07 0.56 0.00 4120 18
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sda2 3.22 147.79 12.55 1080650 91752
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#### 11. Display LVM Statistics ####
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With **-N** (Uppercase) parameter displays only **LVM** statistics as shown.
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[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -N
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Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (tecmint.com) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
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avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
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0.11 0.01 1.39 1.85 0.00 96.64
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Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
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sda 3.20 142.84 12.16 1086002 92466
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vg_tecmint-lv_root 5.13 141.68 12.16 1077154 92448
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vg_tecmint-lv_swap 0.04 0.34 0.00 2576 0
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#### 12. iostat version. ####
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With **-V** (Uppercase) parameter displays version of **iostat** as shown.
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[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -V
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sysstat version 9.0.4
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(C) Sebastien Godard (sysstat orange.fr)
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**Note**: **vmstat** and **iostat** contains number of columns and flags which may not possible to explain in details. If you want to know more about it you may refer man page of **vmstat** and **iostat**. Please share it if you find this article is useful through our comment box below.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/linux-performance-monitoring-with-vmstat-and-iostat-commands/
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作者：[Ravi Saive][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/admin/
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[1]:http://sebastien.godard.pagesperso-orange.fr/download.html
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