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144 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
How To Setup Bridge (br0) Network on Ubuntu Linux 14.04 and 16.04 LTS
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=======================================================================
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> am a new Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS user. How do I setup a network bridge on the host server powered by Ubuntu 14.04 LTS or 16.04 LTS operating system?
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A Bridged networking is nothing but a simple technique to connect to the outside network through the physical interface. It is useful for LXC/KVM/Xen/Containers virtualization and other virtual interfaces. The virtual interfaces appear as regular hosts to the rest of the network. In this tutorial I will explain how to configure a Linux bridge with bridge-utils (brctl) command line utility on Ubuntu server.
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### Our sample bridged networking
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>Fig.01: Sample Ubuntu Bridged Networking Setup For Kvm/Xen/LXC Containers (br0)
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In this example eth0 and eth1 is the physical network interface. eth0 connected to the LAN and eth1 is attached to the upstream ISP router/Internet.
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### Install bridge-utils
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Type the following [apt-get command][1] to install the bridge-utils:
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install bridge-utils
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```
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OR
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````
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$ sudo apt install bridge-utils
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```
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Sample outputs:
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>Fig.02: Ubuntu Linux install bridge-utils package
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### Creating a network bridge on the Ubuntu server
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Edit `/etc/network/interfaces` using a text editor such as nano or vi, enter:
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```
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$ sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.bakup-1-july-2016
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$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
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```
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Let us setup eth1 and map it to br1, enter (delete or comment out all eth1 entries):
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```
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# br1 setup with static wan IPv4 with ISP router as gateway
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auto br1
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iface br1 inet static
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address 208.43.222.51
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network 255.255.255.248
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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broadcast 208.43.222.55
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gateway 208.43.222.49
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bridge_ports eth1
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bridge_stp off
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bridge_fd 0
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bridge_maxwait 0
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```
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To setup eth0 and map it to br0, enter (delete or comment out all eth1 entries):
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```
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auto br0
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iface br0 inet static
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address 10.18.44.26
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netmask 255.255.255.192
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broadcast 10.18.44.63
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dns-nameservers 10.0.80.11 10.0.80.12
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# set static route for LAN
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post-up route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 gw 10.18.44.1
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post-up route add -net 161.26.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 10.18.44.1
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bridge_ports eth0
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bridge_stp off
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bridge_fd 0
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bridge_maxwait 0
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```
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### A note about br0 and DHCP
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DHCP config options:
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```
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auto br0
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iface br0 inet dhcp
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bridge_ports eth0
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bridge_stp off
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bridge_fd 0
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bridge_maxwait 0
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```
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Save and close the file.
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### Restart the server or networking service
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You need to reboot the server or type the following command to restart the networking service (this may not work on SSH based session):
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```
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$ sudo systemctl restart networking
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```
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If you are using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS or older not systemd based system, enter:
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```
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/restart networking
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```
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### Verify connectivity
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Use the ping/ip commands to verify that both LAN and WAN interfaces are reachable:
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```
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# See br0 and br1
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ip a show
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# See routing info
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ip r
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# ping public site
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ping -c 2 cyberciti.biz
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# ping lan server
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ping -c 2 10.0.80.12
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```
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Sample outputs:
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>Fig.03: Verify Bridging Ethernet Connections
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Now, you can configure XEN/KVM/LXC containers to use br0 and br1 to reach directly to the internet or private lan. No need to setup special routing or iptables SNAT rules.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-create-bridge-interface-ubuntu-linux/
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作者：[VIVEK GITE][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://twitter.com/nixcraft
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[1]: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html
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