mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-29 21:41:00 +08:00
349 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
349 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
如何在 Docker 容器中架设一个完整的 WordPress 站点
|
||
================================================================================
|
||
|
||
大家好,今天我们来学习一下如何在 Docker 容器里运行的 Nginx Web 服务器中安装 WordPress。WordPress 是一个很好的免费开源的内容管理系统,全球成千上万的网站都在使用它。[Docker][1] 是一个开源项目,提供了一个可以打包、装载和运行任何应用的轻量级容器的开放平台。它没有语言支持、框架和打包系统的限制,从小型的家用电脑到高端服务器,在何时何地都可以运行。这使它们可以不依赖于特定软件栈和供应商,像一块块积木一样部署和扩展网络应用、数据库和后端服务。
|
||
|
||
今天,我们会在 docker 容器上部署最新的 WordPress 软件包,包括需要的前提条件,例如 Nginx Web 服务器、PHP5、MariaDB 服务器等。下面是在运行在 Docker 容器上成功安装 WordPress 的简单步骤。
|
||
|
||
### 1. 安装 Docker ###
|
||
|
||
在我们真正开始之前,我们需要确保在我们的 Linux 机器上已经安装了 Docker。我们使用的主机是 CentOS 7,因此我们用下面的命令使用 yum 管理器安装 docker。
|
||
|
||
# yum install docker
|
||
|
||
![安装 Docker](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/installing-docker.png)
|
||
|
||
# systemctl restart docker.service
|
||
|
||
### 2. 创建 WordPress 的 Dockerfile ###
|
||
|
||
我们需要创建用于自动安装 wordpress 以及其前置需求的 Dockerfile。这个 Dockerfile 将用于构建 WordPress 的安装镜像。这个 WordPress Dockerfile 会从 Docker Registry Hub 获取 CentOS 7 镜像并用最新的可用更新升级系统。然后它会安装必要的软件,例如 Nginx Web 服务器、PHP、MariaDB、Open SSH 服务器,以及其它保证 Docker 容器正常运行不可缺少的组件。最后它会执行一个初始化 WordPress 安装的脚本。
|
||
|
||
# nano Dockerfile
|
||
|
||
然后,我们需要将下面的配置行添加到 Dockerfile中。
|
||
|
||
FROM centos:centos7
|
||
MAINTAINER The CentOS Project <cloud-ops@centos.org>
|
||
|
||
RUN yum -y update; yum clean all
|
||
RUN yum -y install epel-release; yum clean all
|
||
RUN yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-client nginx php-fpm php-cli php-mysql php-gd php-imap php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-magickwand php-magpierss php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-mssql php-shout php-snmp php-soap php-tidy php-apc pwgen python-setuptools curl git tar; yum clean all
|
||
ADD ./start.sh /start.sh
|
||
ADD ./nginx-site.conf /nginx.conf
|
||
RUN mv /nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
|
||
RUN rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/*
|
||
RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor
|
||
RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor-stdout
|
||
ADD ./supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf
|
||
RUN echo %sudo ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL >> /etc/sudoers
|
||
ADD http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz /wordpress.tar.gz
|
||
RUN tar xvzf /wordpress.tar.gz
|
||
RUN mv /wordpress/* /usr/share/nginx/html/.
|
||
RUN chown -R apache:apache /usr/share/nginx/
|
||
RUN chmod 755 /start.sh
|
||
RUN mkdir /var/run/sshd
|
||
|
||
EXPOSE 80
|
||
EXPOSE 22
|
||
|
||
CMD ["/bin/bash", "/start.sh"]
|
||
|
||
![Wordpress Docker 文件](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Dockerfile-wordpress.png)
|
||
|
||
### 3. 创建启动脚本 ###
|
||
|
||
我们创建了 Dockerfile 之后,我们需要创建用于运行和配置 WordPress 安装的脚本,名称为 start.sh。它会为 WordPress 创建并配置数据库和密码。用我们喜欢的文本编辑器打开 start.sh。
|
||
|
||
# nano start.sh
|
||
|
||
打开 start.sh 之后,我们要添加下面的配置行到文件中。
|
||
|
||
#!/bin/bash
|
||
|
||
__check() {
|
||
if [ -f /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config.php ]; then
|
||
exit
|
||
fi
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
__create_user() {
|
||
# 创建用于 SSH 登录的用户
|
||
SSH_USERPASS=`pwgen -c -n -1 8`
|
||
useradd -G wheel user
|
||
echo user:$SSH_USERPASS | chpasswd
|
||
echo ssh user password: $SSH_USERPASS
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
__mysql_config() {
|
||
# 启用并运行 MySQL
|
||
yum -y erase mariadb mariadb-server
|
||
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/ /etc/my.cnf
|
||
yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
|
||
mysql_install_db
|
||
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
|
||
/usr/bin/mysqld_safe &
|
||
sleep 10
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
__handle_passwords() {
|
||
# 在这里我们生成随机密码(多亏了 pwgen)。前面两个用于 mysql 用户,最后一个用于 wp-config.php 的随机密钥。
|
||
WORDPRESS_DB="wordpress"
|
||
MYSQL_PASSWORD=`pwgen -c -n -1 12`
|
||
WORDPRESS_PASSWORD=`pwgen -c -n -1 12`
|
||
# 这是在日志中显示的密码。
|
||
echo mysql root password: $MYSQL_PASSWORD
|
||
echo wordpress password: $WORDPRESS_PASSWORD
|
||
echo $MYSQL_PASSWORD > /mysql-root-pw.txt
|
||
echo $WORDPRESS_PASSWORD > /wordpress-db-pw.txt
|
||
# 这里原来是一个包括 sed、cat、pipe 和 stuff 的很长的行,但多亏了
|
||
# @djfiander 的 https://gist.github.com/djfiander/6141138
|
||
# 现在没有了
|
||
sed -e "s/database_name_here/$WORDPRESS_DB/
|
||
s/username_here/$WORDPRESS_DB/
|
||
s/password_here/$WORDPRESS_PASSWORD/
|
||
/'AUTH_KEY'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
|
||
/'SECURE_AUTH_KEY'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
|
||
/'LOGGED_IN_KEY'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
|
||
/'NONCE_KEY'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
|
||
/'AUTH_SALT'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
|
||
/'SECURE_AUTH_SALT'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
|
||
/'LOGGED_IN_SALT'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
|
||
/'NONCE_SALT'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/" /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config-sample.php > /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config.php
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
__httpd_perms() {
|
||
chown apache:apache /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config.php
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
__start_mysql() {
|
||
# systemctl 启动 mysqld 服务
|
||
mysqladmin -u root password $MYSQL_PASSWORD
|
||
mysql -uroot -p$MYSQL_PASSWORD -e "CREATE DATABASE wordpress; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO 'wordpress'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$WORDPRESS_PASSWORD'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
|
||
killall mysqld
|
||
sleep 10
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
__run_supervisor() {
|
||
supervisord -n
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# 调用所有函数
|
||
__check
|
||
__create_user
|
||
__mysql_config
|
||
__handle_passwords
|
||
__httpd_perms
|
||
__start_mysql
|
||
__run_supervisor
|
||
|
||
![启动脚本](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/start-script.png)
|
||
|
||
增加完上面的配置之后,保存并关闭文件。
|
||
|
||
### 4. 创建配置文件 ###
|
||
|
||
现在,我们需要创建 Nginx Web 服务器的配置文件,命名为 nginx-site.conf。
|
||
|
||
# nano nginx-site.conf
|
||
|
||
然后,增加下面的配置信息到配置文件。
|
||
|
||
user nginx;
|
||
worker_processes 1;
|
||
|
||
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
|
||
#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
|
||
#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;
|
||
|
||
pid /run/nginx.pid;
|
||
events {
|
||
worker_connections 1024;
|
||
}
|
||
http {
|
||
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
|
||
default_type application/octet-stream;
|
||
|
||
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
|
||
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
|
||
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
|
||
|
||
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
|
||
|
||
sendfile on;
|
||
#tcp_nopush on;
|
||
|
||
#keepalive_timeout 0;
|
||
keepalive_timeout 65;
|
||
|
||
#gzip on;
|
||
|
||
index index.html index.htm index.php;
|
||
|
||
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
|
||
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
|
||
# for more information.
|
||
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
|
||
|
||
server {
|
||
listen 80;
|
||
server_name localhost;
|
||
|
||
#charset koi8-r;
|
||
|
||
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
|
||
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
|
||
|
||
#error_page 404 /404.html;
|
||
|
||
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
|
||
#
|
||
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
|
||
location = /50x.html {
|
||
root html;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
|
||
#
|
||
#location ~ \.php$ {
|
||
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
|
||
#}
|
||
|
||
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
|
||
#
|
||
location ~ \.php$ {
|
||
|
||
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
|
||
try_files $uri =404;
|
||
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
|
||
fastcgi_index index.php;
|
||
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
|
||
include fastcgi_params;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
|
||
# concurs with nginx's one
|
||
#
|
||
#location ~ /\.ht {
|
||
# deny all;
|
||
#}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
![Nginx 配置](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/nginx-conf.png)
|
||
|
||
现在,创建 supervisor.conf 文件并添加下面的行。
|
||
|
||
# nano supervisord.conf
|
||
|
||
然后,添加以下行。
|
||
|
||
[unix_http_server]
|
||
file=/tmp/supervisor.sock ; (the path to the socket file)
|
||
|
||
[supervisord]
|
||
logfile=/tmp/supervisord.log ; (main log file;default $CWD/supervisord.log)
|
||
logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; (max main logfile bytes b4 rotation;default 50MB)
|
||
logfile_backups=10 ; (num of main logfile rotation backups;default 10)
|
||
loglevel=info ; (log level;default info; others: debug,warn,trace)
|
||
pidfile=/tmp/supervisord.pid ; (supervisord pidfile;default supervisord.pid)
|
||
nodaemon=false ; (start in foreground if true;default false)
|
||
minfds=1024 ; (min. avail startup file descriptors;default 1024)
|
||
minprocs=200 ; (min. avail process descriptors;default 200)
|
||
|
||
; the below section must remain in the config file for RPC
|
||
; (supervisorctl/web interface) to work, additional interfaces may be
|
||
; added by defining them in separate rpcinterface: sections
|
||
[rpcinterface:supervisor]
|
||
supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface
|
||
|
||
[supervisorctl]
|
||
serverurl=unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL for a unix socket
|
||
|
||
[program:php-fpm]
|
||
command=/usr/sbin/php-fpm -c /etc/php/fpm
|
||
stdout_events_enabled=true
|
||
stderr_events_enabled=true
|
||
|
||
[program:php-fpm-log]
|
||
command=tail -f /var/log/php-fpm/php-fpm.log
|
||
stdout_events_enabled=true
|
||
stderr_events_enabled=true
|
||
|
||
[program:mysql]
|
||
command=/usr/bin/mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock --port=3306
|
||
stdout_events_enabled=true
|
||
stderr_events_enabled=true
|
||
|
||
[program:nginx]
|
||
command=/usr/sbin/nginx
|
||
stdout_events_enabled=true
|
||
stderr_events_enabled=true
|
||
|
||
[eventlistener:stdout]
|
||
command = supervisor_stdout
|
||
buffer_size = 100
|
||
events = PROCESS_LOG
|
||
result_handler = supervisor_stdout:event_handler
|
||
|
||
![Supervisord 配置](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/supervisord.png)
|
||
|
||
添加完后,保存并关闭文件。
|
||
|
||
### 5. 构建 WordPress 容器 ###
|
||
|
||
现在,完成了创建配置文件和脚本之后,我们终于要使用 Dockerfile 来创建安装最新的 WordPress CMS(译者注:Content Management System,内容管理系统)所需要的容器,并根据配置文件进行配置。做到这点,我们需要在对应的目录中运行以下命令。
|
||
|
||
# docker build --rm -t wordpress:centos7 .
|
||
|
||
![构建 WordPress 容器](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/building-wordpress-container.png)
|
||
|
||
### 6. 运行 WordPress 容器 ###
|
||
|
||
现在,执行以下命令运行新构建的容器,并为 Nginx Web 服务器和 SSH 访问打开88 和 22号相应端口 。
|
||
|
||
# CID=$(docker run -d -p 80:80 wordpress:centos7)
|
||
|
||
![运行 WordPress Docker](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/run-wordpress-docker.png)
|
||
|
||
运行以下命令检查进程以及容器内部执行的命令。
|
||
|
||
# echo "$(docker logs $CID )"
|
||
|
||
运行以下命令检查端口映射是否正确。
|
||
|
||
# docker ps
|
||
|
||
![docker 状态](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/docker-state.png)
|
||
|
||
### 7. Web 界面 ###
|
||
|
||
最后如果一切正常的话,当我们用浏览器打开 http://ip-address/ 或者 http://mywebsite.com/ 的时候会看到 WordPress 的欢迎界面。
|
||
|
||
![启动Wordpress](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/wordpress-start.png)
|
||
|
||
现在,我们将通过 Web 界面为 WordPress 面板设置 WordPress 的配置、用户名和密码。
|
||
|
||
![Wordpress 欢迎界面](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/wordpress-welcome.png)
|
||
|
||
然后,用上面用户名和密码输入到 WordPress 登录界面。
|
||
|
||
![wordpress 登录](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/wordpress-login.png)
|
||
|
||
### 总结 ###
|
||
|
||
我们已经成功地在以 CentOS 7 作为 docker OS 的 LEMP 栈上构建并运行了 WordPress CMS。从安全层面来说,在容器中运行 WordPress 对于宿主系统更加安全可靠。这篇文章介绍了在 Docker 容器中运行的 Nginx Web 服务器上使用 WordPress 的完整配置。如果你有任何问题、建议、反馈,请在下面的评论框中写下来,让我们可以改进和更新我们的内容。非常感谢!Enjoy :-)
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-wordpress-nginx-docker-container/
|
||
|
||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||
译者:[ictlyh](https://github.com/ictlyh)
|
||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||
[1]:http://docker.io/ |