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4.5 KiB
Markdown
87 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
Linux script命令 —— 终端里的记录器
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当你在终端或者控制台工作时,你可能想要记录在终端中所做的一切。这些记录可以用来当作史料,保存终端所发生的一切。比如说,你和一些Linux管理员们同时管理着相同的机器,或者你让某人远程登陆到了你的服务器上,你可能记录想要终端里发生的一切。要实现这个目标,你可以使用script命令。
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### script是什么 ###
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scirpt就是一个命令,可以制作一份记录输出到终端的记录。对于那些想要真实记录终端会话的人来说,这很有用。该记录可以保存并在以后再打印出来。
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### 怎么用 ###
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默认情况下,我们可以通过在终端中输入script来启动scirpt命令。
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pungki@dev-machine:~$ script
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Script started, file is typescript
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pungki@dev-machine:~$
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你也可以指定目标文件名来记录打印结果。
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pungki@dev-machine:~$ script myfile
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![Define script file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/start_script.png)
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当你再次见到命令提示符,这意味着终端将记录打印到终端的任何东西。
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你会看到当前目录,有个名为myscript的文件。(LCTT译注,此处原文有误。这里指定了记录文件名为myfile,而不是默认的 typescript。)
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### 为什么我们要用script命令 ###
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因为在之前已经提到过,script命令的主要功能是记录所有的东西。下面给出了两个使用该命令的场景。
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#### 和同事共事时 ####
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当和同事一起工作时,我们可以通过script来记录你的活动。
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比如,我们会使用名为**collaborate**的打印文件,来完成打印:
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$ script collaborate
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![Create collaborate file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/collaborate.png)
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然后,在完成一些任务后,假如你需要把你干的活发给另外一个工程师,那就把那文件发给他。所以当另外一个工程师需要复查所做的事情,他只要用文本编辑器打开这个文件就行了。
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如果他想要更新该文件(以增加他的工作部分),可以使用**-a**选项。
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$ script -a collaborate
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![Append the file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/collaborate_append.png)
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#### 记录某人在终端中的所作所为 ####
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你可能让你的工程师或者某个人远程访问你的系统,要确保你的工程师正在干正确的事,你可以记录下他在你系统上的所作所为。要让script命令在登录时自动运行,我们可以把它添加进shell环境配置文件中。如果你正在使用**bash** shell,把这一行加进你的bash环境配置文件中。
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$ vi ~/.profile
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# run the script command to record everything
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# use -q for quite and -a option to append the script
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#
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/usr/bin/script -qa /usr/local/script/log_record_script
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![Add script to bash profile](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/script_login.png)
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然后保存。下次他登录进你的系统时,script命令就会自动运行,并把日志记录进**/usr/local/script/log_record_script**。
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![Script without notification](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/remote_script_quite.png)
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**-q**选项可以让scirpt命令以静默模式运行,登录进来的用户不会知道script命令已经运行了。而**-a**选项将会让记录附加到文件中,而不会擦除先前的记录。
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如果不使用**-q**选项,那么当用户登录进来时,他会收到像下图中这样的通知。
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![Script with notification](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/remote_script.png)
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### 退出记录 ###
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要退出记录活动,我们可以在终端中按下**Ctrl+D**,或者输入**exit**。在退出script前,你会发现记录文件的大小为0 Kb,而在退出之后,文件大小会发生改变。
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### 结尾 ###
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Script命令在你需要记录或者存档终端活动时可能很有用,记录文件会存储为文本文件,所以可以很方便地用文本编辑器打开。跟平常一样,我们都可以通过输入**man script**或者**scirpt -h**来显示帮助页并查看更多详细用法。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/script-command-recorder/
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译者:[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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