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193 lines
6.8 KiB
Markdown
193 lines
6.8 KiB
Markdown
监控Linux容器性能的命令行神器
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================================================================================
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ctop是一个新的基于命令行的工具,它可用于在容器层级监控进程。容器通过利用控制器组(cgroup)的资源管理功能,提供了操作系统层级的虚拟化环境。该工具收集来自cgroup的与内存、CPU、块输入输出和诸如拥有者、开机时间等相关的元数据,并以人性化的格式呈现给用户,这样就可以快速对系统健康状况进行评估。基于所获得的数据,它可以尝试推测潜在的容器技术。ctop也有助于在低内存环境中检测出谁在消耗大量的内存。
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### 功能 ###
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ctop的一些功能如下:
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- 收集CPU、内存和块输入输出的度量值
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- 收集与拥有者、容器技术和任务统计相关的信息
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- 使用任何栏目对信息排序
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- 以树状视图显示信息
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- 折叠/展开cgroup树
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- 选择并跟踪cgroup/容器
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- 选择显示数据刷新时间框架
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- 暂停刷新数据
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- 检测基于systemd、Docker和LXC的容器
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- 基于Docker和LXC的容器的高级特性
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- 打开/连接shell以进行深度诊断
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- 停止/杀死容器类型
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### 安装 ###
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**ctop**是由Python写成的,因此,除了需要Python 2.6或其更高版本外(支持内建光标),别无其它外部依赖。推荐使用Python的pip进行安装,如果还没有安装pip,请先安装,然后使用pip安装ctop。
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*注意:本文样例来自Ubuntu(14.10)系统*
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$ sudo apt-get install python-pip
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使用pip安装ctop:
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poornima@poornima-Lenovo:~$ sudo pip install ctop
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[sudo] password for poornima:
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Downloading/unpacking ctop
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Downloading ctop-0.4.0.tar.gz
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Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/ctop/setup.py) egg_info for package ctop
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Installing collected packages: ctop
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Running setup.py install for ctop
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changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/ctop from 644 to 755
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changing mode of /usr/local/bin/ctop to 755
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Successfully installed ctop
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Cleaning up...
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如果不选择使用pip安装,你也可以使用wget直接从github安装:
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poornima@poornima-Lenovo:~$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yadutaf/ctop/master/cgroup_top.py -O ctop
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--2015-04-29 19:32:53-- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yadutaf/ctop/master/cgroup_top.py
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Resolving raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)... 199.27.78.133
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Connecting to raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)|199.27.78.133|:443... connected.
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HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 27314 (27K) [text/plain]
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Saving to: ctop
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100%[======================================>] 27,314 --.-K/s in 0s
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2015-04-29 19:32:59 (61.0 MB/s) - ctop saved [27314/27314]
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----------
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poornima@poornima-Lenovo:~$ chmod +x ctop
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如果cgroup-bin包没有安装,你可能会碰到一个错误消息,你可以通过安装需要的包来解决。
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poornima@poornima-Lenovo:~$ ./ctop
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[ERROR] Failed to locate cgroup mountpoints.
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poornima@poornima-Lenovo:~$ sudo apt-get install cgroup-bin
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下面是ctop的输出样例:
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![ctop screen](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/ctop.png)
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ctop屏幕
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### 用法选项 ###
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ctop [--tree] [--refresh=] [--columns=] [--sort-col=] [--follow=] [--fold=, ...] ctop (-h | --help)
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一旦你进入ctop屏幕,使用上(↑)和下(↓)箭头键在容器间导航。点击某个容器就选定了该容器,按q或Ctrl+C退出容器。
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现在,让我们来看看上面列出的那一堆选项究竟是怎么用的吧。
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-h / --help - Show the help screen
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----------
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poornima@poornima-Lenovo:~$ ctop -h
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Usage: ctop [options]
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Options:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--tree show tree view by default
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--refresh=REFRESH Refresh display every <seconds>
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--follow=FOLLOW Follow cgroup path
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--columns=COLUMNS List of optional columns to display. Always includes
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'name'
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--sort-col=SORT_COL Select column to sort by initially. Can be changed
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dynamically.
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----------
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--tree - Display tree view of the containers
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默认情况下,会显示列表视图
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一旦你进入ctop窗口,你可以使用F5按钮在树状/列表视图间切换。
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--fold=<name> - Fold the <name> cgroup path in the tree view.
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This option needs to be used in combination with --tree.
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----------
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Eg: ctop --tree --fold=/user.slice
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![Output of 'ctop --fold'](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/ctop-fold.png)
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‘ctop --fold’的输出
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在ctop窗口中,使用+/-键来展开或折叠子cgroup。
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注意:在写本文时,pip仓库中还没有最新版的ctop,还不支持命令行的‘--fold’选项
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--follow= - Follow/Highlight the cgroup path.
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----------
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Eg: ctop --follow=/user.slice/user-1000.slice
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正如你在下面屏幕中所见到的那样,带有“/user.slice/user-1000.slice”路径的cgroup被高亮显示,这让用户易于跟踪,就算显示位置变了也一样。
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![Output of 'ctop --follow'](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/ctop-follow.png)
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‘ctop --follow’的输出
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你也可以使用‘f’按钮来让高亮的行跟踪选定的容器。默认情况下,跟踪是关闭的。
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--refresh= - Refresh the display at the given rate. Default 1 sec
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这对于按每用户需求来显示改变刷新率时很有用。使用‘p’按钮可以暂停刷新并选择文本。
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--columns=<columns> - Can limit the display to selected <columns>. 'name' should be the first entry followed by other columns. By default, the columns include owner, processes,memory, cpu-sys, cpu-user, blkio, cpu-time.
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----------
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Eg: ctop --columns=name,owner,type,memory
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![Output of 'ctop --column'](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/ctop-column.png)
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‘ctop --column’的输出
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-sort-col=<sort-col> - column using which the displayed data should be sorted. By default it is sorted using cpu-user
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----------
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Eg: ctop --sort-col=blkio
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如果有Docker和LXC支持的额外容器,跟踪选项也是可用的:
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press 'a' - attach to console output
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press 'e' - open a shell in the container context
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press 's' – stop the container (SIGTERM)
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press 'k' - kill the container (SIGKILL)
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[ctop][1]当前还处于Jean-Tiare Le Bigot的开发中,希望我们能在该工具中见到像本地top命令一样的特性 :-)
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/how-tos/monitor-linux-containers-performance/
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作者:[B N Poornima][a]
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译者:[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
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校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/bnpoornima/
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[1]:https://github.com/yadutaf/ctop
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