mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
162fc6d8bf
@KarenMrzhang 首发地址： https://linux.cn/article-9343-1.html 您的 LCTT 专页地址： https://linux.cn/lctt/KarenMrzhang
186 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
186 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
如何列出所有的 Bash Shell 内置命令
|
||
======
|
||
|
||
内置命令包含在 bash shell 本身里面。我该如何在 Linux / Apple OS X / *BSD / Unix 类操作系统列出所有的内置 bash 命令，而不用去读大篇的 bash 操作说明页？
|
||
|
||
shell 内置命令就是一个命令或一个函数，从 shell 中调用，它直接在 shell 中执行。 bash shell 直接执行该命令而无需调用其他程序。你可以使用 `help` 命令查看 Bash 内置命令的信息。以下是几种不同类型的内置命令。
|
||
|
||
### 内置命令的类型
|
||
|
||
1. Bourne Shell 内置命令：内置命令继承自 Bourne Shell。
|
||
2. Bash 内置命令：特定于 Bash 的内置命令表。
|
||
3. 修改 Shell 行为：修改 shell 属性和可选行为的内置命令。
|
||
4. 特别的内置命令：由 POSIX 特别分类的内置命令。
|
||
|
||
### 如何查看所有 bash 内置命令
|
||
|
||
有以下的命令：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ help
|
||
$ help | less
|
||
$ help | grep read
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
样例输出：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
GNU bash, version 4.1.5(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
|
||
These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.
|
||
Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.
|
||
Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.
|
||
Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list.
|
||
|
||
A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.
|
||
|
||
job_spec [&] history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or hist>
|
||
(( expression )) if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif C>
|
||
. filename [arguments] jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs >
|
||
: kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigs>
|
||
[ arg... ] let arg [arg ...]
|
||
[[ expression ]] local [option] name[=value] ...
|
||
alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ] logout [n]
|
||
bg [job_spec ...] mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s c>
|
||
bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filen> popd [-n] [+N | -N]
|
||
break [n] printf [-v var] format [arguments]
|
||
builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]] pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]
|
||
caller [expr] pwd [-LP]
|
||
case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...)> read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [->
|
||
cd [-L|-P] [dir] readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s>
|
||
command [-pVv] command [arg ...] readonly [-af] [name[=value] ...] or>
|
||
compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] > return [n]
|
||
complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] > select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMM>
|
||
compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ..> set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option>
|
||
continue [n] shift [n]
|
||
coproc [NAME] command [redirections] shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]
|
||
declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [name[=val> source filename [arguments]
|
||
dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N] suspend [-f]
|
||
disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...] test [expr]
|
||
echo [-neE] [arg ...] time [-p] pipeline
|
||
enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [na> times
|
||
eval [arg ...] trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]
|
||
exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argume> true
|
||
exit [n] type [-afptP] name [name ...]
|
||
export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or ex> typeset [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] name[=val>
|
||
false ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit>
|
||
fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] o> umask [-p] [-S] [mode]
|
||
fg [job_spec] unalias [-a] name [name ...]
|
||
for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMAND> unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]
|
||
for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMAN> until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
|
||
function name { COMMANDS ; } or name > variables - Names and meanings of so>
|
||
getopts optstring name [arg] wait [id]
|
||
hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name > while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
|
||
help [-dms] [pattern ...] { COMMANDS ; }
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
另外一种选择是使用下列命令：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
compgen -b
|
||
compgen -b | more
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 查看 Bash 的内置命令信息
|
||
|
||
运行以下得到详细信息：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
help command
|
||
help read
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
要仅得到所有带简短描述的内置命令的列表，执行如下:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ help -d
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 查找内置命令的语法和其他选项
|
||
|
||
使用下列语法去找出更多的相关内置命令：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
help name
|
||
help cd
|
||
help fg
|
||
help for
|
||
help read
|
||
help :
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
样例输出：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
:: :
|
||
Null command.
|
||
|
||
No effect; the command does nothing.
|
||
|
||
Exit Status:
|
||
Always succeeds
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 找出一个命令是内部的（内置）还是外部的
|
||
|
||
使用 `type` 命令或 `command` 命令：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
type -a command-name-here
|
||
type -a cd
|
||
type -a uname
|
||
type -a :
|
||
type -a ls
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
或者：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
type -a cd uname : ls uname
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
样例输出：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
cd is a shell builtin
|
||
uname is /bin/uname
|
||
: is a shell builtin
|
||
ls is aliased to `ls --color=auto'
|
||
ls is /bin/ls
|
||
l is a function
|
||
l ()
|
||
{
|
||
ls --color=auto
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
或者：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
command -V ls
|
||
command -V cd
|
||
command -V foo
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
[![View list bash built-ins command info on Linux or Unix][1]][1]
|
||
|
||
### 关于作者
|
||
|
||
作者是 nixCraft 网站的发起人和经验丰富的系统管理员，以及 Linux 操作系统/Unix shell 脚本编程培训师。他与全球客户以及包括 IT、教育、国防和空间研究以及非营利部门在内的各个行业合作。可以在 [Twitter][2]、[Facebook][3]、 [Google+][4] 上关注他。
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-bash-shell-list-all-builtin-commands/
|
||
|
||
作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
|
||
译者：[KarenMrzhang](https://github.com/KarenMrzhang)
|
||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
|
||
[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2013/03/View-list-bash-built-ins-command-info-on-Linux-or-Unix.jpg
|
||
[2]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft
|
||
[3]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft
|
||
[4]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz
|