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99 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
11 awesome vi tips and tricks
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The [vi editor][1] is one of the most popular text editors on Unix and Unix-like systems, such as Linux. Whether you're new to vi or just looking for a refresher, these 11 tips will enhance how you use it.
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### Editing
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Editing a long script can be tedious, especially when you need to edit a line so far down that it would take hours to scroll to it. Here's a faster way.
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1. The command `:set number` numbers each line down the left side.
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You can directly reach line number 26 by opening the file and entering this command on the CLI: `vi +26 sample.txt`. To edit line 26 (for example), the command `:26` will take you directly to it.
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### Fast navigation
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2. `i` changes your mode from "command" to "insert" and starts inserting text at the current cursor position.
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3. `a` does the same, except it starts just after the current cursor position.
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4. `o` starts the cursor position from the line below the current cursor position.
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### Delete
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If you notice an error or typo, being able to make a quick fix is important. Good thing vi has it all figured out.
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Understanding vi's delete function so you don't accidentally press a key and permanently remove a line, paragraph, or more, is critical.
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5. `x` deletes the character under the cursor.
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6. `dd` deletes the current line. (Yes, the whole line!)
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Here's the scary part: `30dd` would delete 30 lines starting with the current line! Proceed with caution when using this command.
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### Search
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You can search for keywords from the "command" mode rather than manually navigating and looking for a specific word in a plethora of text.
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7. `:/<keyword>` searches for the word mentioned in the `< >` space and takes your cursor to the first match.
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8. To navigate to the next instance of that word, type `n`, and keep pressing it until you get to the match you're looking for.
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For example, in the image below I searched for `ssh`, and vi highlighted the beginning of the first result.
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After I pressed `n`, vi highlighted the next instance.
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### Save and exit
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Developers (and others) will probably find this next command useful.
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9. `:x` saves your work and exits vi.
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10. If you think every nanosecond is worth saving, here's a faster way to shift to terminal mode in vi. Instead of pressing `Shift+:` on the keyboard, you can press `Shift+q` (or Q, in caps) to access [Ex mode][2], but this doesn't really make any difference if you just want to save and quit by typing `x` (as shown above).
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### Substitution
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Here is a neat trick if you want to substitute every occurrence of one word with another. For example, if you want to substitute "desktop" with "laptop" in a large file, it would be monotonous and waste time to search for each occurrence of "desktop," delete it, and type "laptop."
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11. The command `:%s/desktop/laptop/g` would replace each occurrence of "desktop" with "laptop" throughout the file; it works just like the Linux `sed` command.
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In this example, I replaced "root" with "user":
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These tricks should help anyone get started using vi. Are there other neat tips I missed? Share them in the comments.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/top-11-vi-tips-and-tricks
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作者：[Archit Modi][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://opensource.com/users/architmodi
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[1]:http://ex-vi.sourceforge.net/
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[2]:https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Learning_the_vi_Editor/Vim/Modes#Ex-mode
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