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开源文化不再仅仅局限于开发者
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> 新一项调查显示，曾经作为开发者癖好的开源文化如今正在蔓延
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十年前，开源是一项开发者运动，今天已远非如此。
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[Linux 基金会][1]的一项新调查显示，“企业管理者认识到，企业不仅迫切需要开源软件，而且也率先参与开源软件的研发。”这一点反过来也巩固了开源软件作为企业关键驱动力的地位，而不仅仅是一种高效的代码编写方式。
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### 企业会限制开源软件的生存空间吗？ ###
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作为昔日自主创新的模仿者，开源软件早在若干年前就确立了行业创新的计划。计算机行业最主流的趋势——从云计算到大数据，再到移动互联网——都是由开源软件推动的。这一点企业用户已经注意到了。
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过去，仅仅是开发者习惯于借助开源软件的力量，把自己从繁重的企业需求开发中解放出来。而现在，企业管理者也更多地在公开求助于开源软件。
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通过对 686 名软件开发人员与企业管理人员的调查，我们发现，与开发者不同，企业开始使用开源软件是出于不得已。
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从 Linux 基金会的调查可以发现另一些有趣的事实，每一点都表明将来开源会对企业有更大的影响力，企业也会更多参与开源。
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- 35% 的开发者在业余时间会使用开源软件，并会以贡献代码的方式参与到开源软件的开发中来。
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- 44% 的受访开发者表明，贡献开源软件的首要原因是工作需要。
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- 有趣的是，拥有十年甚至更多开发经验的软件开发者更有可能在业余时间参与贡献开源软件，而开发经验不满十年的开发者更有可能是出于工作需要。
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这一调查结果的潜台词很明显：开源软件开发更多是受到商业需求的驱使。事实上，44% 的企业管理者表明他们会在未来六个月内增加对软件协同开发的投资，另42%的企业管理者也说他们计划维持目前的投资数额。没有受访者表明他们打算削减投资。
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### 开源企业 ###
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人们对开放协同开发抱有令人兴奋的乐观主义信念。这种信念的能量，一部分源自于 Hadoop 和 Android 这样的特殊项目，更多的源自于业界同行甚至竞争对手之间协同开发解决艰难技术问题的过程。OpenStack、OpenDaylight、Eclipse 和 Linux 都是业界合作的项目。对于像 IBM 这样的公司，合作基金会在开发中已经成为了新的默认组织。
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但协同软件开发背后的目的可不是围着营火手牵着手唱“kumbaya”。各种组织对协同软件开发的期待都是出于驱动有形商业利益的目的。
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这不该是个令人震惊的消息。随着自由开源软件运动的成熟，约束较少的协议方式 Apache 许可协议比 GNU 通用许可协议（GPL）更受到了青睐，运动本身的理念也走下神坛被越来越多地接受和采纳。巨大变革已经产生，[Github 一代常常回避各种正式许可协议][2]这一点已经成为事实（不过反过来也为自己带来了商业上的麻烦）。
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在各行各业里，组织都迫于压力降低成本提高产出，交付软件产品的时限也远比以往严格。作为其中之一的 Google 曾说，没有开源和开放标准，就没有今天的 Google。其他组织也逐渐意识到了这一点。
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译自：http://readwrite.com/2014/03/26/open-source-development-business-managers-users-linux-foundation-study#feed=/hack&awesm=~ozHpY5jaMeoZsu
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译者：[sailing](https://github.com/blueabysm) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/
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[2]:http://readwrite.com/2013/05/15/open-source-is-old-school-says-the-github-generation#awesm=~ozzZjjwfY7FyDr
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