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153 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
[#]: subject: (Replace du with dust on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/6/dust-linux)
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[#]: author: (Sudeshna Sur https://opensource.com/users/sudeshna-sur)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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Replace du with dust on Linux
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======
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The dust command is a more intuitive implementation of the du command
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written in Rust.
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![Sand dunes][1]
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If you work on the Linux command line, you will be familiar with the `du` command. Knowing commands like `du`, which returns information about disk usage quickly, is one of the ways the command line makes programmers more productive. Yet if you're looking for a way to save even more time and make your life even easier, take a look at [dust][2], which is `du` rewritten in Rust with more intuitiveness.
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In short, `dust` is a tool that provides a file's type and metadata. If you trigger `dust` in a directory, it will report that directory's disk utilization in a couple of ways. It provides a very informative graph that tells you which folder is using the most disk space. If there is a nested folder, you can see the percentage of space used by each folder.
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### Install dust
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You can install `dust` using Rust's Cargo package manager:
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```
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`$ cargo install du-dust`
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```
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Alternately, you might find it in your software repository on Linux, and on macOS, use [MacPorts][3] or [Homebrew][4].
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### Explore dust
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Issuing the `dust` command on a directory returns a graph that shows its contents and what percentage each item holds in a tree format.
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```
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$ dust
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5.7M ┌── exa │ ██ │ 2%
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5.9M ├── tokei │ ██ │ 2%
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6.1M ├── dust │ ██ │ 2%
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6.2M ├── tldr │ ██ │ 2%
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9.4M ├── fd │ ██ │ 4%
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2.9M │ ┌── exa │ ░░░█ │ 1%
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15M │ ├── rustdoc │ ░███ │ 6%
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18M ├─┴ bin │ ████ │ 7%
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27M ├── rg │ ██████ │ 11%
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1.3M │ ┌── libz-sys-1.1.3.crate │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░█ │ 0%
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1.4M │ ├── libgit2-sys-0.12.19+1.1.0.crate │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░█ │ 1%
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4.5M │ ┌─┴ github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823 │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░█ │ 2%
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4.5M │ ┌─┴ cache │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░█ │ 2%
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1.0M │ │ ┌── git2-0.13.18 │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 0%
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1.4M │ │ ├── exa-0.10.1 │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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1.5M │ │ │ ┌── src │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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2.2M │ │ ├─┴ idna-0.2.3 │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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1.2M │ │ │ ┌── linux │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 0%
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1.6M │ │ │ ┌─┴ linux_like │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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2.6M │ │ │ ┌─┴ unix │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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3.1M │ │ │ ┌─┴ src │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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3.1M │ │ ├─┴ libc-0.2.94 │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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1.2M │ │ │ ┌── test │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 0%
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2.6M │ │ │ ┌─┴ zlib-ng │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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904K │ │ │ │ ┌── vstudio │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 0%
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2.0M │ │ │ │ ┌─┴ contrib │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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3.4M │ │ │ ├─┴ zlib │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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6.1M │ │ │ ┌─┴ src │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓██ │ 2%
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6.1M │ │ ├─┴ libz-sys-1.1.3 │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓██ │ 2%
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1.6M │ │ │ ┌── pcre │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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2.5M │ │ │ ┌─┴ deps │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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3.8M │ │ │ ├── src │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 1%
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7.4M │ │ │ ┌─┴ libgit2 │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓██ │ 3%
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7.6M │ │ ├─┴ libgit2-sys-0.12.19+1.1.0 │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓▓▓██ │ 3%
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26M │ │ ┌─┴ github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823 │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░██████ │ 10%
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26M │ ├─┴ src │ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░██████ │ 10%
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932K │ │ ┌── .cache │ ░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓█ │ 0%
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11M │ │ │ ┌── pack-c3e3a51a17096a3078196f3f014e02e5da6285aa.idx │ ░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓███ │ 4%
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135M │ │ │ ├── pack-c3e3a51a17096a3078196f3f014e02e5da6285aa.pack│ ░░░░░░▓▓███████████████████████████ │ 53%
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147M │ │ │ ┌─┴ pack │ ░░░░░░█████████████████████████████ │ 57%
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147M │ │ │ ┌─┴ objects │ ░░░░░░█████████████████████████████ │ 57%
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147M │ │ ├─┴ .git │ ░░░░░░█████████████████████████████ │ 57%
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147M │ │ ┌─┴ github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823 │ ░░░░░░█████████████████████████████ │ 57%
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147M │ ├─┴ index │ ░░░░░░█████████████████████████████ │ 57%
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178M ├─┴ registry │ ███████████████████████████████████ │ 69%
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257M ┌─┴ . │██████████████████████████████████████████████████ │ 100%
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$
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```
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To apply `dust` to a specific directory:
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```
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`$ dust ~/Work/`
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```
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![Dust output from a specific directory][5]
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(Sudeshna Sur, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
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The `-r` option shows the output in reverse order, with root at the bottom:
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```
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`$ dust -r ~/Work/`
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```
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Using `dust -d 3` returns three levels of subdirectories and their disk utilization:
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```
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`$ dust -d 3 ~/Work/wildfly/jaxrs/target/classes`[/code] [code]
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$ dust -d 3 ~/Work/wildfly/jaxrs/target/classes
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4.0K ┌── jaxrs.xml │ █ │ 1%
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4.0K ┌─┴ subsystem-templates │ █ │ 1%
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4.0K │ ┌── org.jboss.as.controller.transform.ExtensionTransformerRegistration│ █ │ 1%
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4.0K │ ├── org.jboss.as.controller.Extension │ █ │ 1%
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8.0K │ ┌─┴ services │ █ │ 2%
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8.0K ├─┴ META-INF │ █ │ 2%
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4.0K │ ┌── jboss-as-jaxrs_1_0.xsd │ ░█ │ 1%
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8.0K │ ├── jboss-as-jaxrs_2_0.xsd │ ░█ │ 2%
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12K ├─┴ schema │ ██ │ 3%
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408K │ ┌── as │ ████████████████████████████████████████ │ 94%
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408K │ ┌─┴ jboss │ ████████████████████████████████████████ │ 94%
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408K ├─┴ org │ ████████████████████████████████████████ │ 94%
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432K ┌─┴ classes │██████████████████████████████████████████ │ 100%
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$
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```
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### Conclusion
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The beauty of `dust` lies in being a small, simple, and easy-to-understand command. It uses a color scheme to denote the largest subdirectories, making it easy to visualize your directory. It's a popular project, and contributions are welcome.
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Have you used or considered using `dust`? If so, please let us know your thoughts in the comments below.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/6/dust-linux
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作者：[Sudeshna Sur][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sudeshna-sur
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/sand_dunes_desert_hills_landscape_nature.jpg?itok=wUByylBb
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[2]: https://github.com/bootandy/dust
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[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/macports
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[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-mac
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[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/dust-work.png (Dust output from a specific directory)
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[6]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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